메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 62, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 399-408

Studies on the mechanism of early onset macular degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys. II. Suppression of metallothionein synthesis in the retina in oxidative stress

Author keywords

Antioxidants; Catalase; Glutathione peroxidase; Metallothionein; Monkey; Oxidative stress; Retina

Indexed keywords

CATALASE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; METALLOTHIONEIN; ZINC;

EID: 0029936705     PISSN: 00144835     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/exer.1996.0045     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 85012738381 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin
    • Anson, M. L. (1939). The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin. J. Gen. Physiol. 22, 79.
    • (1939) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.22 , pp. 79
    • Anson, M.L.1
  • 2
    • 0017834531 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes
    • Babior, B. M. (1978). Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes. N. Engl J. Med. 298, 659-68.
    • (1978) N. Engl J. Med. , vol.298 , pp. 659-668
    • Babior, B.M.1
  • 3
    • 0025944389 scopus 로고
    • Increase in metallothionein produced by chemicals that induce oxidative stress
    • Bauman, J. W., Liu, J., Liu, Y. P. and Klaassen, C. D. (1991). Increase in metallothionein produced by chemicals that induce oxidative stress. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 110, 347-54.
    • (1991) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.110 , pp. 347-354
    • Bauman, J.W.1    Liu, J.2    Liu, Y.P.3    Klaassen, C.D.4
  • 4
    • 0019835246 scopus 로고
    • Luminol assay for superoxide dismutase
    • Bensinger, R. E. and Johnson, C. M. (1981). Luminol assay for superoxide dismutase. Anal. Biochem. 116, 142-5.
    • (1981) Anal. Biochem. , vol.116 , pp. 142-145
    • Bensinger, R.E.1    Johnson, C.M.2
  • 5
    • 0025650252 scopus 로고
    • Rapid automated analysis of glutathione reductase, peroxidase, and S-transferase activity: Application to cisplatin-induced toxicity
    • Bompart, G. J., Prevot, D. S. and Bascands, J. L. (1990). Rapid automated analysis of glutathione reductase, peroxidase, and S-transferase activity: application to cisplatin-induced toxicity. Clin. Biochem. 23, 501-4.
    • (1990) Clin. Biochem. , vol.23 , pp. 501-504
    • Bompart, G.J.1    Prevot, D.S.2    Bascands, J.L.3
  • 6
    • 0026335645 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional and physiologic significance of metallothionein
    • Bremner, I. (1991). Nutritional and physiologic significance of metallothionein. Methods Enzymol. 205, 25-35.
    • (1991) Methods Enzymol. , vol.205 , pp. 25-35
    • Bremner, I.1
  • 7
    • 0018776894 scopus 로고
    • Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs
    • Chance, B., Sies, H. and Boveris, A. (1979). Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol. Rev. 59, 527-605.
    • (1979) Physiol. Rev. , vol.59 , pp. 527-605
    • Chance, B.1    Sies, H.2    Boveris, A.3
  • 8
    • 0000746058 scopus 로고
    • Peroxidation of subcellular organelles: Formation of lipofuscinlike flourescent pigments
    • Chio, K. S., Reiss, U., Fletcher, B. and Tappel, A. L. (1969). Peroxidation of subcellular organelles: formation of lipofuscinlike flourescent pigments. Science 166, 1535-6.
    • (1969) Science , vol.166 , pp. 1535-1536
    • Chio, K.S.1    Reiss, U.2    Fletcher, B.3    Tappel, A.L.4
  • 9
    • 0018639079 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease
    • Chirgwin, J. M., Przybyla, A. E., MacDonald, R. J. and Rutter, W. J. (1979). Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry 18, 5294-9.
    • (1979) Biochemistry , vol.18 , pp. 5294-5299
    • Chirgwin, J.M.1    Przybyla, A.E.2    Macdonald, R.J.3    Rutter, W.J.4
  • 10
    • 0014756187 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of catalase activity in tissue extracts
    • Cohen, G., Dembiec, D. and Marcus, J. (1970). Measurement of catalase activity in tissue extracts. Anal. Biochem. 34, 30-8.
    • (1970) Anal. Biochem. , vol.34 , pp. 30-38
    • Cohen, G.1    Dembiec, D.2    Marcus, J.3
  • 11
    • 0022624823 scopus 로고
    • Toward a molecular understanding of zinc metabolism
    • Cousins, R. J. (1986). Toward a molecular understanding of zinc metabolism. Clin. Physiol. Biochem. 4, 20-30.
    • (1986) Clin. Physiol. Biochem. , vol.4 , pp. 20-30
    • Cousins, R.J.1
  • 14
    • 0026328577 scopus 로고
    • Metallothioneins and other zinc-binding proteins in brain
    • Ebadi, M. (1991). Metallothioneins and other zinc-binding proteins in brain. Methods Enzymol. 205, 363-87.
    • (1991) Methods Enzymol. , vol.205 , pp. 363-387
    • Ebadi, M.1
  • 15
    • 18344409418 scopus 로고
    • Vad orsaker maculadegeneratioon
    • Ehinger, B. (1993). Vad Orsaker Maculadegeneratioon. Lakartidningen. 90, 56.
    • (1993) Lakartidningen. , vol.90 , pp. 56
    • Ehinger, B.1
  • 16
    • 0002512342 scopus 로고
    • Vitamins A and E in retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin formation and implications for age-related macular degeneration
    • Alan R. Liss: New York, U.S.A.
    • Eldred, G. E. (1969). Vitamins A and E in retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin formation and implications for age-related macular degeneration. In Inherited and Environmentally Indued Retinal Degenerations. Pp. 113-129. Alan R. Liss: New York, U.S.A.
    • (1969) Inherited and Environmentally Indued Retinal Degenerations , pp. 113-129
    • Eldred, G.E.1
  • 19
    • 0019196022 scopus 로고
    • Lipofuscin of the human retinal pigment epithelium
    • Feeney-Burns, L., Berman, E. R. and Rothman, H. (1980). Lipofuscin of the human retinal pigment epithelium. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 90, 783-91.
    • (1980) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.90 , pp. 783-791
    • Feeney-Burns, L.1    Berman, E.R.2    Rothman, H.3
  • 20
    • 0020966989 scopus 로고
    • The fate of the phagosome: Conversion to 'age pigment' and impact in human retinal pigment epithelium
    • Feeney-Burns, L. and Eldred, G. E. (1983). The fate of the phagosome: conversion to 'age pigment' and impact in human retinal pigment epithelium. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. UK 103, 416-21.
    • (1983) Trans. Ophthal. Soc. UK , vol.103 , pp. 416-421
    • Feeney-Burns, L.1    Eldred, G.E.2
  • 21
    • 0021323978 scopus 로고
    • Aging human RPE: Morphometric analysis of macular, equatorial and peripheral cells
    • Feeney-Burns, L., Hildebrand, E. S. and Eldridge, S. (1984). Aging human RPE: morphometric analysis of macular, equatorial and peripheral cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 25, 195-200.
    • (1984) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 195-200
    • Feeney-Burns, L.1    Hildebrand, E.S.2    Eldridge, S.3
  • 22
    • 0027242346 scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrometric identification of modifications to human serum albumin treated with hydrogen peroxide
    • Finch, J. W., Crouch, R. K., Knapp, D. R. and Schey, K. L. (1993). Mass spectrometric identification of modifications to human serum albumin treated with hydrogen peroxide. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 305, 595-9.
    • (1993) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.305 , pp. 595-599
    • Finch, J.W.1    Crouch, R.K.2    Knapp, D.R.3    Schey, K.L.4
  • 23
    • 0024286990 scopus 로고
    • Albumin - An important extracellular antioxidant?
    • Halliwell, B. (1988). Albumin - an important extracellular antioxidant? Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 569-71.
    • (1988) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.37 , pp. 569-571
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 24
    • 0022555879 scopus 로고
    • Metallothionein
    • Hamer, D. H. (1986). Metallothionein. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55, 913-51.
    • (1986) Ann. Rev. Biochem. , vol.55 , pp. 913-951
    • Hamer, D.H.1
  • 26
    • 0026317901 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid sequence determination
    • Hunziker, P. E. (1991). Amino acid sequence determination. Methods Enzymol. 205, 421-6.
    • (1991) Methods Enzymol. , vol.205 , pp. 421-426
    • Hunziker, P.E.1
  • 27
    • 0025032215 scopus 로고
    • Lipofuscin-like substances accumulate rapidly in the brain, retina and internal organs with cysteine protease inhibition
    • Ivy, G. O., Kansai, S., Ohta, M., Smith, G., Sato, Y., Kobayashi, M. and Kitani, K. (1990). Lipofuscin-like substances accumulate rapidly in the brain, retina and internal organs with cysteine protease inhibition. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 266, 31-47.
    • (1990) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.266 , pp. 31-47
    • Ivy, G.O.1    Kansai, S.2    Ohta, M.3    Smith, G.4    Sato, Y.5    Kobayashi, M.6    Kitani, K.7
  • 28
    • 0022976049 scopus 로고
    • Influence of early photo-receptor degeneration on lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium
    • Katz, M. L., Drea, C. M., Eldred, G. E., Hess, H. H. and Robison, W. G., Jr (1986). Influence of early photo-receptor degeneration on lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium. Exp. Eye Res. 43, 561-73.
    • (1986) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.43 , pp. 561-573
    • Katz, M.L.1    Drea, C.M.2    Eldred, G.E.3    Hess, H.H.4    Robison W.G., Jr.5
  • 29
    • 0025030286 scopus 로고
    • Incomplete proteolysis may contribute to lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium
    • Katz, M. L. (1990). Incomplete proteolysis may contribute to lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 266, 109-18.
    • (1990) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.266 , pp. 109-118
    • Katz, M.L.1
  • 30
    • 0017730263 scopus 로고
    • Primary structure of human hepatic metallothionein
    • Kissling, M. M. and Kagi, J. H. R. (1977). Primary structure of human hepatic metallothionein. FEBS Lett. 82, 247-50.
    • (1977) FEBS Lett. , vol.82 , pp. 247-250
    • Kissling, M.M.1    Kagi, J.H.R.2
  • 31
    • 0026457344 scopus 로고
    • Detection of drusen and early signs of age-related maculopathy using a nonmydriatic camera and a standard fundus camera
    • Klein, R., Meuer, S. M., Moss, S. E. and Klein, B. E. (1992). Detection of drusen and early signs of age-related maculopathy using a nonmydriatic camera and a standard fundus camera. Ophthalmology 99, 1686-92.
    • (1992) Ophthalmology , vol.99 , pp. 1686-1692
    • Klein, R.1    Meuer, S.M.2    Moss, S.E.3    Klein, B.E.4
  • 32
    • 0025824572 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant enzymes in the aging human retinal pigment epithelium
    • Liles, M. R., Newsome, D. A. and Oliver, P. D. (1991). Antioxidant enzymes in the aging human retinal pigment epithelium. Arch. Ophthalmol. 109, 1285-8.
    • (1991) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.109 , pp. 1285-1288
    • Liles, M.R.1    Newsome, D.A.2    Oliver, P.D.3
  • 33
    • 0025019299 scopus 로고
    • Pigeon metallothionein consists of two species
    • Lin, L-Y., Lin, W. C. and Huang, P. C. (1990). Pigeon metallothionein consists of two species. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1037, 248-55.
    • (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1037 , pp. 248-255
    • Lin, L.-Y.1    Lin, W.C.2    Huang, P.C.3
  • 34
    • 0028216919 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on antioxidants and molecular markers of oxidative damage in murine epidermis and dermis
    • Lopez-Torres, M., Shindo, Y. and Packer, L. (1994). Effect of age on antioxidants and molecular markers of oxidative damage in murine epidermis and dermis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 102, 476-80.
    • (1994) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.102 , pp. 476-480
    • Lopez-Torres, M.1    Shindo, Y.2    Packer, L.3
  • 37
    • 0025040456 scopus 로고
    • The rhesus monkey as an animal model for age-related maculopathy
    • Monaco, W. A. and Wormington, C. M. (1990). The rhesus monkey as an animal model for age-related maculopathy. Opt. Vis. Sci. 67, 532-7.
    • (1990) Opt. Vis. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 532-537
    • Monaco, W.A.1    Wormington, C.M.2
  • 38
    • 0026560224 scopus 로고
    • Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene typing for species identification
    • Naito, E., Dewa, K., Yamauchi, H. and Kominami, R. (1992). Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene typing for species identification. J. Forensic Sci. 37, 396-403.
    • (1992) J. Forensic Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 396-403
    • Naito, E.1    Dewa, K.2    Yamauchi, H.3    Kominami, R.4
  • 40
    • 85030193297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the mechanism of early onset macular degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys
    • I. Abnormal concentratins of two proteins in the retina. Exp. Eye Res. in press
    • Nicolas, M. G., Fujiki, K., Murayama, K., Suzuki, M. T., Mineki, R., Yoshikawa, Y., Cho, F. and Kanai, A. Studies on the mechanism of early onset macular degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). I. Abnormal concentratins of two proteins in the retina. Exp. Eye Res. in press.
    • Macaca Fascicularis
    • Nicolas, M.G.1    Fujiki, K.2    Murayama, K.3    Suzuki, M.T.4    Mineki, R.5    Yoshikawa, Y.6    Cho, F.7    Kanai, A.8
  • 41
    • 0025845862 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in the eye of rats
    • Nishimura, H., Nishimura, N., Kobayashi, S. and Tohyama, C. (1991). Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in the eye of rats. Histochemistry 95, 535-9.
    • (1991) Histochemistry , vol.95 , pp. 535-539
    • Nishimura, H.1    Nishimura, N.2    Kobayashi, S.3    Tohyama, C.4
  • 42
    • 0027183546 scopus 로고
    • Transition metals in control of gene expression
    • O'Halloran, T. V. (1993). Transition metals in control of gene expression. Science 261, 715-25.
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 715-725
    • O'Halloran, T.V.1
  • 43
    • 0026572595 scopus 로고
    • Metallothionein in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Expression, induction and zinc uptake
    • Oliver, P. D., Tate, D. J. and Newsome, D. A. (1992). Metallothionein in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: expression, induction and zinc uptake. Curr. Eye Res. 11, 183-8.
    • (1992) Curr. Eye Res. , vol.11 , pp. 183-188
    • Oliver, P.D.1    Tate, D.J.2    Newsome, D.A.3
  • 44
    • 0028125990 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of metallothionein genes by heavy metals appears to be mediated by a zinc-sensitive inhibitor that interacts with a constitutively active transcription factor, MTF-1
    • Palmiter, R. D. (1994). Regulation of metallothionein genes by heavy metals appears to be mediated by a zinc-sensitive inhibitor that interacts with a constitutively active transcription factor, MTF-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 91, 1219-23.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA , vol.91 , pp. 1219-1223
    • Palmiter, R.D.1
  • 45
    • 0017183563 scopus 로고
    • The affinity of melanin for inorganic ions
    • Potts, A. M. and Au, P. C. (1976). The affinity of melanin for inorganic ions. Exp. Eye Res. 22, 487-91.
    • (1976) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.22 , pp. 487-491
    • Potts, A.M.1    Au, P.C.2
  • 46
    • 0026335647 scopus 로고
    • Purification and quantification of metallothioneins by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
    • Richards, M. P. (1991). Purification and quantification of metallothioneins by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Methods Enzymol. 205, 217-38.
    • (1991) Methods Enzymol. , vol.205 , pp. 217-238
    • Richards, M.P.1
  • 48
    • 0027533507 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen free radicals and metallothionein
    • Sato, M. and Bremner, I. (1993). Oxygen free radicals and metallothionein. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 14, 325-37.
    • (1993) Free Rad. Biol. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 325-337
    • Sato, M.1    Bremner, I.2
  • 49
    • 0020528901 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequence analysis of two monkey metallothionein cDNAs
    • Schmidt, C. J. and Hamer, D. H. (1983). Cloning and sequence analysis of two monkey metallothionein cDNAs. Gene 24, 137-46.
    • (1983) Gene , vol.24 , pp. 137-146
    • Schmidt, C.J.1    Hamer, D.H.2
  • 50
    • 0025974171 scopus 로고
    • 2+ to bind a regulatory MRE element of the mouse gene encoding metallothionein-1
    • 2+ to bind a regulatory MRE element of the mouse gene encoding metallothionein-1. Gene 97, 295-300.
    • (1991) Gene , vol.97 , pp. 295-300
    • Séguin, C.1
  • 51
    • 0022385640 scopus 로고
    • Zinc and copper metabolism in patients with senile macular degeneration
    • Silverstone, B. Z., Laudau, L., Berson, D. and Sternbuch, J. (1985). Zinc and copper metabolism in patients with senile macular degeneration. Ann. Ophthalmol. 17, 419-22.
    • (1985) Ann. Ophthalmol. , vol.17 , pp. 419-422
    • Silverstone, B.Z.1    Laudau, L.2    Berson, D.3    Sternbuch, J.4
  • 53
    • 0024998688 scopus 로고
    • Lipofuscin as an indicator of oxidative stress and aging
    • Sohal, R. S. and Brunk, U. T. (1990). Lipofuscin as an indicator of oxidative stress and aging. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 266, 17-29.
    • (1990) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.266 , pp. 17-29
    • Sohal, R.S.1    Brunk, U.T.2
  • 55
    • 0027264819 scopus 로고
    • Metallothionein shows an age-related decrease in human macular retinal pigment epithelium
    • Tate, D. J., Newsome, D. A. and Oliver, P. D. (1993). Metallothionein shows an age-related decrease in human macular retinal pigment epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34, 2348-51.
    • (1993) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 2348-2351
    • Tate, D.J.1    Newsome, D.A.2    Oliver, P.D.3
  • 56
    • 0028988886 scopus 로고
    • 2 induce catalase and metallothionein gene expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
    • 2 induce catalase and metallothionein gene expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36, 1271-9.
    • (1995) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 1271-1279
    • Tate, D.J.1    Miceli, M.V.2    Newsome, D.A.3
  • 57
    • 0027270922 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione peroxidase protects cultured mammalian cells from the toxicity of adriamycin and paraquat
    • Taylor, S. D., Davenport, L. D., Speranza, M. J., Mullenbach, G. T. and Lynch, R. E. (1993). Glutathione peroxidase protects cultured mammalian cells from the toxicity of adriamycin and paraquat. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 305, 600-5.
    • (1993) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.305 , pp. 600-605
    • Taylor, S.D.1    Davenport, L.D.2    Speranza, M.J.3    Mullenbach, G.T.4    Lynch, R.E.5
  • 58
    • 0021944046 scopus 로고
    • Possible role for metallothionein in protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Kinetics and mechanism of its reaction with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
    • Thornalley, P. J. and Vasak, M. (1985). Possible role for metallothionein in protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Kinetics and mechanism of its reaction with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 827, 36-44.
    • (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , vol.827 , pp. 36-44
    • Thornalley, P.J.1    Vasak, M.2
  • 59
    • 0026678556 scopus 로고
    • Skin inflammation: Reactive oxygen species and the role of iron
    • Trenam, C. W., Blake, D. R. and Morris, C. J. (1992). Skin inflammation: reactive oxygen species and the role of iron. J. Invest. Dermatol. 99, 675-82.
    • (1992) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.99 , pp. 675-682
    • Trenam, C.W.1    Blake, D.R.2    Morris, C.J.3
  • 60
    • 0023403157 scopus 로고
    • Macular degeneration in a community of rhesus monkeys: Ultrastructural observations
    • Ulshafer, R. J., Engel, H. M., Dawson, W. W., Allen, C. B. and Kessler, M. J. (1987). Macular degeneration in a community of rhesus monkeys: ultrastructural observations. Retina 7, 198-203.
    • (1987) Retina , vol.7 , pp. 198-203
    • Ulshafer, R.J.1    Engel, H.M.2    Dawson, W.W.3    Allen, C.B.4    Kessler, M.J.5
  • 61
    • 0026678026 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the oxidative stress initiated in cultured human keratinocytes by treatment with peroxides
    • Vessey, D. A., Lee, K.-H. and Blacker, K. L. (1992). Characterization of the oxidative stress initiated in cultured human keratinocytes by treatment with peroxides. J. Invest. Dermatol. 99, 859-63.
    • (1992) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.99 , pp. 859-863
    • Vessey, D.A.1    Lee, K.-H.2    Blacker, K.L.3
  • 62
    • 0002809580 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative PCR
    • Eds. Innie, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninskey, J. J. and White, T. J. Academic Press
    • Wang, A. M. and Mark, D. F. (1990). Quantitative PCR In PCR Protocols: A Guide Methods & Applications. (Eds. Innie, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninskey, J. J. and White, T. J.) Pp. 70-174. Academic Press.
    • (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide Methods & Applications , pp. 70-174
    • Wang, A.M.1    Mark, D.F.2
  • 64
    • 0017897377 scopus 로고
    • The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium
    • Wing, G. L., Blanchard, G. C. and Weiter, J. J. (1978). The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 17, 601-7.
    • (1978) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 601-607
    • Wing, G.L.1    Blanchard, G.C.2    Weiter, J.J.3
  • 65
    • 0014077497 scopus 로고
    • The renewal of photoreceptor outer segments
    • Young, R. W. (1967). The renewal of photoreceptor outer segments. J. Cell Biol. 33, 61-72.
    • (1967) J. Cell Biol. , vol.33 , pp. 61-72
    • Young, R.W.1
  • 66
    • 0014558288 scopus 로고
    • Participation of the RPE in the rod outer segment renewal process
    • Young, R. W. and Bok, D. (1969). Participation of the RPE in the rod outer segment renewal process. J. Cell Biol. 42, 392-403.
    • (1969) J. Cell Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 392-403
    • Young, R.W.1    Bok, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.