Subclinical thyroid disease

Postgraduate Medical Journal

Volumn 72, Issue 845, 1996, Pages 141-146

  Elte, Jan Willem F ^a   Mudde, Aart H ^b   Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman, Arie C ^c  

^a SINT FRANCISCUS GASTHUIS   (Netherlands)

^b SLINGELAND HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^c MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Subclinical hyperthyroidism; Subclinical hypothyroidism; Thyroid disease; Thyroid incidentaloma

Indexed keywords

HYPERTHYROIDISM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SYMPTOM; THYROID NODULE; THYROTOXICOSIS;

EID: 0029935389     PISSN: 00325473     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.72.845.141     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. Evered DC, Ormston BJ, Smith PA, Hall R, Bird T. Grades of hypothyroidism. BMJ 1973; 1: 657-62.
2. Ridgway EC, Cooper DS, Walker H, Rodbard D, Maloof F. Peripheral responses to thyroid hormone before and after L-thyroxine therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981; 53: 1238-42.
3. Tunbridge WMG, Evered DC, Hall R, et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Wickham survey. Clin Endocrinol 1977; 7: 481-93.
4. Sawin CT, Castelli WP, Hershman JM, McNamara P, Bacharach P. The aging thyroid. Thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1985; 145: 1386-8.
5. Rosenthal MJ, Hunt WC, Garry PJ, Goodwin JS. Thyroid failure in the elderly. Microsomal antibodies as discriminant for therapy. JAMA 1987; 258: 209-13.
6. Tunbridge WMG, Brewis M, French JM, et al. Natural history of autoimmune thyroiditis. BMJ 1981; 282: 258-62.
7. Gordin A, Lamberg BA. Spontaneous hypothyroidism in symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis. A long-term follow-up study. Clin Endocrinol 1981; 15: 537-43.
8. Engler H, Staub J-J, Althaus B, Ryff A, Viollier E, Girard J. Follow-up of 120 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism over more than 10 years: risk factors for overt disease analyzed by life-table analysis. In: Gordon A, Gross J, Hennemann G, eds. Progress in thyroid research, Rotterdam: Balkema, 1991; pp 227-9.
9. Kabadi UM. Subclinical hypothyroidism. Natural course of the syndrome during a prolonged follow-up study. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 957-61.
10. Cooper DS, Halpern R, Wood LC, Levin AA, Ridgway EC. L-Thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1984; 101: 18-24.
11. Bell GM, Todd WTA, Forfar JC, et al. Endorgan responses to thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol 1985; 22: 83-9.
12. Forfar JC, Wathen CG, Todd WTA, et al. Left ventricular performance in subclinical hypothyroidism. Q J Med 1985; 224: 857-65.
13. Staub J-J, Althaus BU, Engler H, et al. Spectrum of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: effect on thyrotropin, prolactin, and thyroid reserve, and metabolic impact on peripheral target tissues. Am J Med 1992; 92: 631-42.
14. Tièche M, Lupi GA, Gutzwiller F, Grob PJ, Studer H, Bürgi H. Borderline low thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. Risk factors for coronary heart disease? Br Heart J 1981; 46: 202-6.
15. Althaus BU, Staub J-J, Ryff-de Lèche A, Oberhänsli A, Stähelin HB. LDL/HDL-changes in subclinical hypothyroidism: possible risk factors for coronary heart disease. Clin Endocrinol 1988; 28: 157-63.
16. Caron Ph, Calazel C, Parr HJ, Hoff M, Louvet JP. Decreased HDL cholesterol in subclinical hypothyroidism: the effect of L-thyroxine therapy. Clin Endocrinol 1990; 33: 519-23.
17. Haggerty JJ, Stern RA, Mason GA, Beckwith J, Morey CE, Prange AJ. Subclinical hypothyrodism: a modifiable risk factor for depression? Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 508-10.
18. Nyström E, Caidahl K, Fager G, Wikkelsö C, Lundberg P-A, Lindstedt G. A double-blind cross-over 12-month study of L-thyroxine treatment of women with 'subclinical' hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol 1988; 29: 63-76.
19. Bispink L, Brandie W, Lindner C, Bettendorf G. Präklinische Hypothyreose und Ovarialfunktionsstörungen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilk 1989; 49: 881-8.
20. Wilansky DL, Greisman B. Early hypothyroidism in patients with menorrhagia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 673-7.
21. Powell J, Alaghband Zadeh J, Carter G, Greenhalgh RM, Fowler PBS. Raised serum thyrotrophin in women with peripheral arterial disease. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 1139-41.
22. Helfand M, Crapo LM. Screening for thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 840-9.
23. Riniker M, Tièche M, Lupi GA, Grob P, Studer H, Bürgi H. Prevalence of various degrees of hypothyroidism among patients of a general medical department. Clin Endocrinol 1981; 14: 69-74.
24. Hall R, Evered DC, Tunbridge WMG. The role of TSH and TRH in thyroid disease. In: Walker G, ed. Ninth symposium of advanced medicine. London: Pitman Medical, 1973; pp 15-26.
25. Elte JWF, Haak A, Wiarda KS, et al. Propranolol improves the impaired TSH response to TRH in patients with autonomously functioning euthyroid multinodular goitre. Clin Endocrinol 1982; 16: 553-63.