Epidemiology of coagulase-negative staphylococci in hospital

Chemotherapy

Volumn 42, Issue , 1996, Pages 38-46

  Hedin, G ^a  

^a ÖSTERSUND HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Methicillin Resistant; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Transmission

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CHLORHEXIDINE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; FUSIDIC ACID; METICILLIN; TETRACYCLINE; TOBRAMYCIN; TRIMETHOPRIM;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL FLORA; COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HAND WASHING; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INFECTION PREVENTION; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKIN; SKIN DECONTAMINATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; SWEDEN;

EID: 0029932669     PISSN: 00093157     EISSN: 14219794     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000239501     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Gemmel CG, McCartney AC: Coagulase-ncgativc staphylococci within the hospital environment. Rev Med Microbiol 1990:1990:213-218.
2. Gemmel CG, McCartney AC: Laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of coagulase-ncgativc staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1988:1: 281-299.
3. Kloos WE, Bannerman TL: Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994;7:117-140.
4. Noble WC, Somerville DA: Microbiology of Human Skin, London, Saunders, 1974.
5. Brown E, Wenzel RP, Hendlcv JO: Exploration of the microbial anatomy of normal human skin by using plasmid profiles of coagulase-nega-tive staphylococci: Search for the reservoir of resident skin flora. J Infect Dis 1989:160:644-650.
6. Montes LF, Wilbom WH: Anatomical location of normal skin flora. Arch Dermatol 1970:101:145-159.
7. Evans CA, Mattem KL: The bacterial flora of the antecubital fossa: The efficacy of alcohol disinfection of this site, the palm and the forehead. J Invest Dermatol 1980:75: 140-143.
8. Hedin G, Hambraeus A: Daily scrub with Chlorhexidine reduces skin colonization by antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidi. J Hosp Infect 1993;25:251-264.
9. Ludlam HA, Noble WC, Marplcs RR, Baystone R, Philips I: The epidemiology of peritonitis caused by coagulasc-ncgativc staphylococci in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Med Microbiol 1989:30: 167-174.
10. Noble WC, Habbema JDF, Furth RV, Smith I, Raay CD: Quantitative studies on the dispersal of skin bacteria into the air. J Med Microbiol 1976:9:53-61.
11. Stewart GT: Changes in sensitivity of staphylococci to methicillin. BMJ 1961:1:863-866.
12. Cove JH, Eady EA, CunlifTe WJ: Skin carriage of antibiotic-resistant coagulase-ncgativc staphylococci in untreated subjects. J Antimicrob Chemothcr 1990:25:459-469.
13. Kemodle DS, Barg NL, Kaiser AB: Low-level colonization of hospitalized patients with methicillin-resis-tant coagulase-negative staphylococci and emergence of the organisms during surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Antimicrob Agents Che-mother 1988:32:202-208.
14. Hedin G, Hambraeus A, Zettersten U, Olerud C: Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant coagulase-ncgativc staphylococci 011 the skin of the lower back of patients before spinal surgery, (abstract PI35), 3rd International Conference of the Hospital Infection Society, London, Hospital Infection Society, 1994, p 58.
15. Lyytikainen O, Saxén H, Ryhanen R, Vaara M, Vuopio-Varkila J: Persistence of a multiresistant clone of Staphylococcus epidermidis in a neonatal intensive-care unit or a four-ycar period. Clin Infect Dis 1995:20: 24-29.
16. Kotilaincn P, Nikoskelair, en J, Huovincn P: Emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal skin flora in immunocompromised patients receiving ciprofloxacin. J Infect Dis 1990;161:41-44.
17. Hucbner J, Pier GB, Maslow JN, Muller E, Shiro H, Parent M, Kro-pec A, Arbeit RD, Goldmann DA: Endemic nosocomial transmission of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia isolates in a neonatal intensive care unit over 10 years. J Infect Dis 1994:169:526-531.
18. Simpson RA, Spencer AF, Speller DCE, Marplcs RR: Colonization by gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a special care baby unit. J Hosp Infect 1986;7:108- 120,.
19. Wilton J, Jung K, Nystront B, Ringdén O, Flock JI: Letter. J Hosp Infect 1991:19:287-289.
20. Carlos CC, Ringertz S, Rylander M, Huovinen P, Faxclius G: Nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis septicaemia among very low birth weight neonates in an intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 1991:19:201-207.
21. Boyce JM, Potter-Bynoe G, Opal SM, Dziobek L, Medeiros AA: A common-source outbreak of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Infect Dis 1990:161:493-499.
22. Oppcnheim BA, Hartley JW, Lee W, Bumie JP: Outbreak of coagulase negative staphylococcus highly resistant to ciprofloxacin in a leukaemia unit. BMJ 1989:299:294- 297.
23. Houang ET, Marples RR, Weir I, Mourant AJ, de Saxe MJ, Singleton B: Problems in the investigation of an apparent outbreak of coagulase-negative staphylococcal septicaemia following cardiac surgery. J Hosp Infect 1985;8:224-232.
24. Hedin G, Hambraeus A: Multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in patients, staff and environment - A one-week survey in a bone marrow transplant unit. J Hosp Infect 1991:17:95-106.
25. Thore M, Ktihn I, Lofdahl S, Bur-man LG: Drug-resistant coagulase-negative skin staphylococci, Evaluation of four marker systems and epidemiology in an orthopaedic ward. Epidemiol Infect 1990:105:95-105.
26. Dryden MS, Talsania H, McCann M, Cookson BD, Phillips I: The epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci in CAPD patients. J Hosp Infect 1992:109:97-112.
27. Larson EL, McGinlcy KJ, Foglia AR, Talbot GH, Leyden JJ: Composition and antimicrobic resistance of skin flora in hospitalized and healthy adults. J Clin Microbiol 1986;23:604-608.
28. Powell M, Sanderson PJ: Resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in hospital patients. J Hosp Infect 1987;9:48-53.
29. Archer GL, Armstrong BC: Alteration of staphylococcal flora in cardiac surgery patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. J Infect Dis 1983;147:642-649.
30. Mannion PT, Thom BT, Reynolds CS, Strachan CJL: The acquisition of antibiotic resistant coagulase-neg-ative staphylococci by aortic graft recipients. J Hosp Infect 1989:14: 313-323.
31. Valvano MA, Harstein AI, Morth-land VH, Dragoon ME, Potter SA, Reynolds JW, Crosa JH: Plasmid DNA analysis of Staphylococcus epi-dermidis isolated from blood and colonizing cultures in very low birth weight neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988;7:116-120.
32. Herwaldt LA, Hollis RJ, Boyken LD, Pfallcr MA: Molecular epidemiology of coagulasc-ncgative staphylococci isolated from immunocompromised patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:86-92.
33. Horn WA, Larson EL, McGinley KJ, Leyden JJ: Microbial flora on the hands of health care personnel: Differences in composition and antibacterial resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1988:9:189- 193.
34. Ojajarvi J, Makela P, Rantasalo 1: Failure of hand disinfection with frequent hand washing: A need for prolonged field studies. J HygCamb 1977;79:107-119.
35. Hedin GAH, Hambraeus A: Enhanced ability to colonize the skin; a possible explanation for the epidemic spread of certain strains of Staphylococcus epidermidi. J Hosp Infect 1993;25:251-264