메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 740-751

Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls alter calcium regulation by a ryanodine receptor-mediated mechanism: Structural specificity toward skeletal- and cardiac-type microsomal calcium release channels

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CHANNEL; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; RYANODINE RECEPTOR;

EID: 0029931969     PISSN: 0026895X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (111)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 0002549130 scopus 로고
    • Production, properties and usage of polychlorinated biphenyls
    • (R. D. Kimbrough and A. A. Jensen, eds.). 2nd Ed. Elsevier-North Holland, Amsterdam
    • De Voogt, P., and U. A. T. Brinkman. Production, properties and usage of polychlorinated biphenyls, in Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins and Related Products (R. D. Kimbrough and A. A. Jensen, eds.). 2nd Ed. Elsevier-North Holland, Amsterdam, 3-47 (1989).
    • (1989) Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins and Related Products , pp. 3-47
    • De Voogt, P.1    Brinkman, U.A.T.2
  • 3
    • 0022532855 scopus 로고
    • Polychlorobiphenyl congeners, p,p′-DDE, and sperm function m humans
    • Bush, B., A. H. Bennett, and J. T. Snow. Polychlorobiphenyl congeners, p,p′-DDE, and sperm function m humans. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15:333-341 (1986).
    • (1986) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.15 , pp. 333-341
    • Bush, B.1    Bennett, A.H.2    Snow, J.T.3
  • 4
    • 0020332746 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls in foliage
    • Buckley, E. H. Accumulation of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls in foliage. Science (Washington D. C.) 216:520-522 (1982).
    • (1982) Science (Washington D. C.) , vol.216 , pp. 520-522
    • Buckley, E.H.1
  • 5
    • 0020327553 scopus 로고
    • Halogenated hydrocarbons and aryl hydrocarbons identified in human tissues
    • Safe, S. Halogenated hydrocarbons and aryl hydrocarbons identified in human tissues. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 5:153-165 (1982).
    • (1982) Toxicol. Environ. Chem. , vol.5 , pp. 153-165
    • Safe, S.1
  • 6
    • 0025116443 scopus 로고
    • Species-specific accumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl in fish brain: A comparison between cod (Gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss)
    • Ingebrigtsen, K., H. Hektoen, T. Andersson, A*. Bergman, and I. Brandt. Species-specific accumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl in fish brain: a comparison between cod (Gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss). Pharmacol. Toxicol. 67:344-345 (1990).
    • (1990) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.67 , pp. 344-345
    • Ingebrigtsen, K.1    Hektoen, H.2    Andersson, T.3    Bergman, A.A.4    Brandt, I.5
  • 7
    • 0027548351 scopus 로고
    • Intake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from the Finnish diet
    • Himberg, K., A. Hallikainen, and K. Louekari. Intake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from the Finnish diet. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 196: 126-130 (1993).
    • (1993) Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. , vol.196 , pp. 126-130
    • Himberg, K.1    Hallikainen, A.2    Louekari, K.3
  • 8
    • 0023386603 scopus 로고
    • Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) in human milk, blood and adipose tissue
    • Jensen, A. A. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) in human milk, blood and adipose tissue. Sci. Total Environ. 64:259-293 (1987).
    • (1987) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.64 , pp. 259-293
    • Jensen, A.A.1
  • 9
    • 0021890840 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory and human studies on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds
    • Kimbrough, R. D. Laboratory and human studies on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds. Environ. Health Perspect. 59:99-106 (1985).
    • (1985) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.59 , pp. 99-106
    • Kimbrough, R.D.1
  • 10
    • 0020615369 scopus 로고
    • Lake Michigan fish consumption as a source of polychlorinated biphenyls in human cord serum, maternal serum, and milk
    • Schwartz, P. M., S. W. Jacobson, G. Fein, J. L. Jacobson, and H. A. Price. Lake Michigan fish consumption as a source of polychlorinated biphenyls in human cord serum, maternal serum, and milk. Am. J. Public Health. 73:293-296 (1983).
    • (1983) Am. J. Public Health. , vol.73 , pp. 293-296
    • Schwartz, P.M.1    Jacobson, S.W.2    Fein, G.3    Jacobson, J.L.4    Price, H.A.5
  • 11
    • 0025963562 scopus 로고
    • Sub-chronic exposure of the adult rat to Aroclor 1254 yields regionally-specific changes in central dopaminergic function
    • Seegal, R. F., B. Bush, and K. O. Brosch. Sub-chronic exposure of the adult rat to Aroclor 1254 yields regionally-specific changes in central dopaminergic function. Neurotoxicology (Little Bock) 12:55-66 (1991).
    • (1991) Neurotoxicology (Little Bock) , vol.12 , pp. 55-66
    • Seegal, R.F.1    Bush, B.2    Brosch, K.O.3
  • 12
    • 0025687262 scopus 로고
    • Lightly chlorinated ortho-substituted PCB congeners decrease dopamine in nonhuman primate brain and in tissue culture
    • Seegal, R. F., B. Bush, and W. Shain. Lightly chlorinated ortho-substituted PCB congeners decrease dopamine in nonhuman primate brain and in tissue culture. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 106:136-144 (1990).
    • (1990) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.106 , pp. 136-144
    • Seegal, R.F.1    Bush, B.2    Shain, W.3
  • 13
    • 0026091352 scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls: Structure-activity relationship of individual congeners
    • Shain, W., B. Bush, and R. F. Seegal. Neurotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls: structure-activity relationship of individual congeners. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 111:33-42 (1991).
    • (1991) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.111 , pp. 33-42
    • Shain, W.1    Bush, B.2    Seegal, R.F.3
  • 14
    • 3142511089 scopus 로고
    • Decreased motor activity produced by acute and repeated exposure to Aroclor 1254 in adult rats
    • Nishida, N., J. D. Farmer, P. R. Kodavanti, H. A. Tilson, and R. C. MacPhail. Decreased motor activity produced by acute and repeated exposure to Aroclor 1254 in adult rats Toxicologist 15:189 (1995)
    • (1995) Toxicologist , vol.15 , pp. 189
    • Nishida, N.1    Farmer, J.D.2    Kodavanti, P.R.3    Tilson, H.A.4    MacPhail, R.C.5
  • 15
    • 0027487388 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of two polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on calcium homeostasis in rat cerebellar granule Cells
    • Kodavanti, P. R., D. Shin, H. A. Tilson, and G. J. Harry. Comparative effects of two polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on calcium homeostasis in rat cerebellar granule Cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 123:97-106 (1993).
    • (1993) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.123 , pp. 97-106
    • Kodavanti, P.R.1    Shin, D.2    Tilson, H.A.3    Harry, G.J.4
  • 16
    • 0028985279 scopus 로고
    • 3H]phorbol ester binding in rat cerebellar granule cells by polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures and congeners: Structure-activity relationships
    • 3H]phorbol ester binding in rat cerebellar granule cells by polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures and congeners: structure-activity relationships. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 130:140-148 (1995).
    • (1995) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.130 , pp. 140-148
    • Kodavanti, P.R.S.1    Ward, T.R.2    McKinney, J.D.3    Tilson, H.A.4
  • 18
    • 0021137066 scopus 로고
    • Preparation and morphology of sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae from rabbit skeletal muscle
    • Saito, A., S. Seiler, A. Chu, and S. Fleischer. Preparation and morphology of sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae from rabbit skeletal muscle. J. Cell Biol. 99:875-885 (1984).
    • (1984) J. Cell Biol. , vol.99 , pp. 875-885
    • Saito, A.1    Seiler, S.2    Chu, A.3    Fleischer, S.4
  • 21
    • 0025886966 scopus 로고
    • Intravesicular calcium transient during calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Ikemoto, N., B. Antoniu, J. J. Kang, L. G. Meszaros, and M. Ronjat. Intravesicular calcium transient during calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biochemistry 30:5230-5237 (1991).
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 5230-5237
    • Ikemoto, N.1    Antoniu, B.2    Kang, J.J.3    Meszaros, L.G.4    Ronjat, M.5
  • 22
    • 0025718478 scopus 로고
    • Localization and partial characterization of the oligomenc disulfide-linked molecular weight 95,000 protein (triadin) which binds the ryanodine and dihydropyridine receptors in skeletal muscle triadic vesicles
    • Caswell, A. H., N. R. Brandt, J. P. Brunschwig, and S. Purkerson. Localization and partial characterization of the oligomenc disulfide-linked molecular weight 95,000 protein (triadin) which binds the ryanodine and dihydropyridine receptors in skeletal muscle triadic vesicles. Biochemistry 30:7507-7513 (1991).
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 7507-7513
    • Caswell, A.H.1    Brandt, N.R.2    Brunschwig, J.P.3    Purkerson, S.4
  • 23
    • 0027302407 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical characterization of ultrastructural localization of a major junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum glycoprotein (triadin)
    • Knudson, C. M., K. K. Stang, A. O. Jorgensen, and K. P. Campbell. Biochemical characterization of ultrastructural localization of a major junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum glycoprotein (triadin). J. Biol. Chem. 268:12637-12645 (1993)
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 12637-12645
    • Knudson, C.M.1    Stang, K.K.2    Jorgensen, A.O.3    Campbell, K.P.4
  • 24
    • 0027500789 scopus 로고
    • The calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum is modulated by FK-506-binding protein: Dissociation and reconstitution of FKBP-12 to the calcium release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Timerman, A. P., E. Ogunbumni, E. Freund, G. Wiederrecht, A. R. Marks, and S. Fleischer. The calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum is modulated by FK-506-binding protein: dissociation and reconstitution of FKBP-12 to the calcium release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 268:22992-22999 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 22992-22999
    • Timerman, A.P.1    Ogunbumni, E.2    Freund, E.3    Wiederrecht, G.4    Marks, A.R.5    Fleischer, S.6
  • 25
    • 0027952982 scopus 로고
    • The calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum is modulated by FK-506 binding protein: Effect of FKBP12 on single channel activity of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor
    • Mayrleitner, M., A. P. Timerman, L. Wiederrecht, and S. Fleischer. The calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum is modulated by FK-506 binding protein: effect of FKBP12 on single channel activity of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. Cell Calcium 15:99-108 (1994).
    • (1994) Cell Calcium , vol.15 , pp. 99-108
    • Mayrleitner, M.1    Timerman, A.P.2    Wiederrecht, L.3    Fleischer, S.4
  • 26
    • 0026048151 scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of the ryanodine receptor: Possible association with a 12K, FK506-binding immunophilin/protein kinase C inhibitor
    • Collins, J. H. Sequence analysis of the ryanodine receptor: possible association with a 12K, FK506-binding immunophilin/protein kinase C inhibitor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178:1288-1290 (1991).
    • (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.178 , pp. 1288-1290
    • Collins, J.H.1
  • 27
    • 0028038077 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of three calmodulin binding sites of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor
    • Menegazzi, P., F. Larini, S. Treves, R. Guerrini, M. Quadroni, and F. Zorzato. Identification and characterization of three calmodulin binding sites of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. Biochemistry 33:9078-9084 (1994).
    • (1994) Biochemistry , vol.33 , pp. 9078-9084
    • Menegazzi, P.1    Larini, F.2    Treves, S.3    Guerrini, R.4    Quadroni, M.5    Zorzato, F.6
  • 28
    • 0028168454 scopus 로고
    • 2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • 2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 269:22698-22704 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 22698-22704
    • Chen, S.R.1    Maclennan, D.H.2
  • 31
    • 0024201809 scopus 로고
    • Computer programs for calculating total from specified free or free from specified total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions containing multiple metals and ligands
    • Fabiato, A. Computer programs for calculating total from specified free or free from specified total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions containing multiple metals and ligands. Methods Enzymol. 157:378-417 (1988).
    • (1988) Methods Enzymol. , vol.157 , pp. 378-417
    • Fabiato, A.1
  • 32
    • 0023161377 scopus 로고
    • 2+ release
    • 2+ release. J. Biol. Chem. 262:6135-6141 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.262 , pp. 6135-6141
    • Palade, P.1
  • 33
    • 0025921997 scopus 로고
    • 2+ release from rat cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • 2+ release from rat cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256:938-946 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.256 , pp. 938-946
    • Zimanyi, I.1    Pessah, I.N.2
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0025922079 scopus 로고
    • 2+ release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal and cardiac muscle: Evidence for a sequential mechanism in ryanodine action
    • 2+ release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal and cardiac muscle: evidence for a sequential mechanism in ryanodine action. Mol. Pharmacol. 39:679-689 (1991).
    • (1991) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.39 , pp. 679-689
    • Pessah, I.N.1    Zimanyi, I.2
  • 36
    • 0027081874 scopus 로고
    • Ryanodine stabilizes multiple conformational states of the skeletal muscle calcium release channel
    • Buck, E., I. Zimanyi, J. J. Abramson, and I. N. Pessah. Ryanodine stabilizes multiple conformational states of the skeletal muscle calcium release channel. J. Biol. Chem. 267:23560-23567 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 23560-23567
    • Buck, E.1    Zimanyi, I.2    Abramson, J.J.3    Pessah, I.N.4
  • 38
    • 0027238889 scopus 로고
    • Toxicology, structure-function relationship, and human and environmental health impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls: Progress and problems
    • Safe, S. Toxicology, structure-function relationship, and human and environmental health impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls: progress and problems. Environ. Health Perspect 100:259-268 (1992).
    • (1992) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.100 , pp. 259-268
    • Safe, S.1
  • 39
    • 0022916847 scopus 로고
    • Ah receptor mediated suppression of the antibody response in mice is primarily dependent on the Ah phenotype of lymphoid tissue
    • Silkworth, J. B., L. Antrim, and G. Sack. Ah receptor mediated suppression of the antibody response in mice is primarily dependent on the Ah phenotype of lymphoid tissue. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 86:380-390 (1986).
    • (1986) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.86 , pp. 380-390
    • Silkworth, J.B.1    Antrim, L.2    Sack, G.3
  • 41
    • 0017646658 scopus 로고
    • Properties of purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 from rats treated with the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254
    • Ryan, D. E., P. E. Thomas, and W. Levin. Properties of purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 from rats treated with the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254. Mol. Pharmacol. 13:521-532 (1977).
    • (1977) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.13 , pp. 521-532
    • Ryan, D.E.1    Thomas, P.E.2    Levin, W.3
  • 42
    • 0018405140 scopus 로고
    • Separation and characterization of highly purified forms of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 from rats treated with polychlorinated biphenyls, phenobarbital, and 3-methylcholanthrene
    • Ryan, D. E., P. E. Thomas, D. Korzeniowski, and W. Levin. Separation and characterization of highly purified forms of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 from rats treated with polychlorinated biphenyls, phenobarbital, and 3-methylcholanthrene. J. Biol. Chem. 254:1365-1374 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.254 , pp. 1365-1374
    • Ryan, D.E.1    Thomas, P.E.2    Korzeniowski, D.3    Levin, W.4
  • 43
    • 0022538165 scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls, classified as either phenobarbital- or 3-methylcholanthrene-type inducers of cytochrome P-450, are both hepatic tumor promoters in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats
    • Buchmann, A., W. Kunz, C. R. Wolf, F. Oesch, and L. W. Robertson. Polychlorinated biphenyls, classified as either phenobarbital- or 3-methylcholanthrene-type inducers of cytochrome P-450, are both hepatic tumor promoters in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats. Cancer Lett. 32:243-253 (1986).
    • (1986) Cancer Lett. , vol.32 , pp. 243-253
    • Buchmann, A.1    Kunz, W.2    Wolf, C.R.3    Oesch, F.4    Robertson, L.W.5
  • 44
    • 0027999930 scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution of ryanodine receptor isoforms and alleles determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
    • Ledbetter, M. W., J. K. Preiner, C. F. Louis, and J. R. Mickelson. Tissue distribution of ryanodine receptor isoforms and alleles determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 31544-31551 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 31544-31551
    • Ledbetter, M.W.1    Preiner, J.K.2    Louis, C.F.3    Mickelson, J.R.4
  • 46
    • 0023778390 scopus 로고
    • Multiple types of neuronal calcium channels and their selective modulation
    • Tsien, R. W., D. Lipscombe, D. V. Madison, K. R. Bley, and A. P. Fox. Multiple types of neuronal calcium channels and their selective modulation. Trends Neurosci. 11:431-438 (1989).
    • (1989) Trends Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 431-438
    • Tsien, R.W.1    Lipscombe, D.2    Madison, D.V.3    Bley, K.R.4    Fox, A.P.5
  • 47
    • 0026655484 scopus 로고
    • Receptor classes and the transmitter-gated ion channels
    • Barnard, E. A. Receptor classes and the transmitter-gated ion channels. Trends Biochem. Sci. 17:368-374 (1992).
    • (1992) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 368-374
    • Barnard, E.A.1
  • 48
    • 0027397544 scopus 로고
    • Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling
    • Berridge, M. J. Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling. Nature (Lond.) 361:315-325 (1993).
    • (1993) Nature (Lond.) , vol.361 , pp. 315-325
    • Berridge, M.J.1
  • 49
    • 0028180422 scopus 로고
    • 2+ release channels and their regulation by endogenous effectors
    • 2+ release channels and their regulation by endogenous effectors. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 56:485-508 (1994).
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.56 , pp. 485-508
    • Meissner, G.1
  • 50
    • 0025353255 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter release
    • Zimmermann, H. Neurotransmitter release. FEBS. Lett. 268:394-399 (1990).
    • (1990) FEBS. Lett. , vol.268 , pp. 394-399
    • Zimmermann, H.1
  • 51
    • 0027339967 scopus 로고
    • 2+ binding proteins and synaptic plasticity
    • 2+ binding proteins and synaptic plasticity. Neurosci. Res. 16:1-7 (1993).
    • (1993) Neurosci. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 1-7
    • Kasai, H.1
  • 52
    • 0028990890 scopus 로고
    • Physical, spectral and chromatographic properties of all 209 individual PCB congeners
    • Bolgar, M., J. Cunningham, R. Cooper, R. Kozloski, and J. Huball. Physical, spectral and chromatographic properties of all 209 individual PCB congeners. Chemosphere 31:2678-2750 (1995).
    • (1995) Chemosphere , vol.31 , pp. 2678-2750
    • Bolgar, M.1    Cunningham, J.2    Cooper, R.3    Kozloski, R.4    Huball, J.5
  • 54
    • 0025193578 scopus 로고
    • 2+ release channel from rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: Possible receptor-mediated mechanism of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy
    • 2+ release channel from rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: possible receptor-mediated mechanism of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Mol. Pharmacol. 37:503-514 (1990).
    • (1990) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.37 , pp. 503-514
    • Pessah, I.N.1    Durie, E.L.2    Schiedt, M.J.3    Zimanyi, I.4
  • 55
    • 0028100737 scopus 로고
    • Novel modulators of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel complex from the marine sponge Ianthella basta: Role of FKBP12 in channel activation
    • Mack, M. M., T. F. Molinski, E. D. Buck, and I. N. Pessah. Novel modulators of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel complex from the marine sponge Ianthella basta: role of FKBP12 in channel activation. J. Biol. Chem. 269:23236-23249 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 23236-23249
    • Mack, M.M.1    Molinski, T.F.2    Buck, E.D.3    Pessah, I.N.4
  • 56


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.