메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 67-82

The importance of advance directives in primary care

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEATH; ELDERLY CARE; HUMAN; INFORMED CONSENT; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW;

EID: 0029928224     PISSN: 00954543     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70261-X     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 85113069374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bartling v. Glendale Adventist Medical Center, 184 Cal. App. 3d 961, 229 Cal. Rptr. 360 (1986)
  • 2
    • 85113063995 scopus 로고
    • The care of the terminally ill: Mortality and economics
    • R. Bayer D. Callahan J. Fletcher The care of the terminally ill: Mortality and economics N Engl J Med 17 1983 293 295
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.17 , pp. 293-295
    • Bayer, R.1    Callahan, D.2    Fletcher, J.3
  • 3
    • 0029100935 scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and attitudes toward patient autonomy
    • L.J. Blackhall S. Murphy G. Frank Ethnicity and attitudes toward patient autonomy JAMA 274 1995 820 825
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 820-825
    • Blackhall, L.J.1    Murphy, S.2    Frank, G.3
  • 4
    • 0027619771 scopus 로고
    • The influence of ethnicity and race on attitudes toward advance directives, life-prolonging treatments, and euthanasia
    • P.V. Caralis B. Davis K. Wright The influence of ethnicity and race on attitudes toward advance directives, life-prolonging treatments, and euthanasia J Clin Ethics 4 1993 155 165
    • (1993) J Clin Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 155-165
    • Caralis, P.V.1    Davis, B.2    Wright, K.3
  • 5
    • 0029124110 scopus 로고
    • Western bioethics on the Navajo reservation: Benefit or harm?
    • J.A. Carrese L.A. Rhodes Western bioethics on the Navajo reservation: Benefit or harm? JAMA 274 1995 826 829
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 826-829
    • Carrese, J.A.1    Rhodes, L.A.2
  • 6
    • 0028211092 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of advance directives to hospital charges in a medicare population
    • C.V. Chambers J.J. Diamond R.L. Perkel Relationship of advance directives to hospital charges in a medicare population Arch Intern Med 154 1994 541 547
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 541-547
    • Chambers, C.V.1    Diamond, J.J.2    Perkel, R.L.3
  • 7
    • 0027673426 scopus 로고
    • Moving Beyond the Patient Self-Determination Act: Educating patients to be autonomous
    • E.R. Colvin M.J. Myhre J. Welch Moving Beyond the Patient Self-Determination Act: Educating patients to be autonomous ANNA Journal 20 1993 564 568
    • (1993) ANNA Journal , vol.20 , pp. 564-568
    • Colvin, E.R.1    Myhre, M.J.2    Welch, J.3
  • 8
    • 0028256161 scopus 로고
    • Stability of choices about life-sustaining treatments
    • M. Danis J. Garrett R. Harris Stability of choices about life-sustaining treatments Ann Intern Med 120 1994 567 573
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , pp. 567-573
    • Danis, M.1    Garrett, J.2    Harris, R.3
  • 9
    • 0024422075 scopus 로고
    • Physicians' attitudes on advance directives
    • K.W. Davidson C. Hackler D.R. Caradine Physicians' attitudes on advance directives JAMA 262 1989 2415 2419
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2415-2419
    • Davidson, K.W.1    Hackler, C.2    Caradine, D.R.3
  • 10
    • 0026831580 scopus 로고
    • After the Cruzan case: The primary care physician and the use of advance directives
    • D.J. Doukas H. Brody After the Cruzan case: The primary care physician and the use of advance directives J Am Board Fam Pract 5 1992 201 206
    • (1992) J Am Board Fam Pract , vol.5 , pp. 201-206
    • Doukas, D.J.1    Brody, H.2
  • 11
    • 0025963510 scopus 로고
    • The values history: The evaluation of the patient's values and advance directives
    • D. Doukas L. McCullough The values history: The evaluation of the patient's values and advance directives J Fam Pract 32 1991 145 153
    • (1991) J Fam Pract , vol.32 , pp. 145-153
    • Doukas, D.1    McCullough, L.2
  • 12
    • 85113047545 scopus 로고
    • N.N. Dubler The law: Myths and realities. Decisions Near the End of Life Faculty Guide 1991 Education Development Center Newton, MA
    • (1991)
    • Dubler, N.N.1
  • 13
    • 0028012789 scopus 로고
    • The economics of dying: The illusion of cost savings at the end of life
    • E.J. Emanuel L.L. Emanuel The economics of dying: The illusion of cost savings at the end of life N Engl J Med 330 1994 540 544
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 540-544
    • Emanuel, E.J.1    Emanuel, L.L.2
  • 14
    • 0027570520 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives: What have we learned so far?
    • L.L. Emanuel Advance directives: What have we learned so far? J Clin Ethics 4 1993 8 15
    • (1993) J Clin Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 8-15
    • Emanuel, L.L.1
  • 15
    • 0028369488 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives: Can patients' stated treatment choices be used to infer unstated choices?
    • L.L. Emanuel M.J. Barry Advance directives: Can patients' stated treatment choices be used to infer unstated choices? Med Care 32 1994 95 105
    • (1994) Med Care , vol.32 , pp. 95-105
    • Emanuel, L.L.1    Barry, M.J.2
  • 16
    • 0025777967 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives for medical care—A case for greater use
    • L.L. Emanuel M.J. Barry J.D. Stoeckle Advance directives for medical care—A case for greater use N Engl J Med 324 1991 889 895
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 889-895
    • Emanuel, L.L.1    Barry, M.J.2    Stoeckle, J.D.3
  • 17
    • 0027979796 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives: Stability of patients' treatment choices
    • L.L. Emanuel E.J. Emanuel Advance directives: Stability of patients' treatment choices Arch Intern Med 154 1994 209 217
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 209-217
    • Emanuel, L.L.1    Emanuel, E.J.2
  • 18
    • 0027654195 scopus 로고
    • Decisions at the end of life: Guided by communities of patients
    • L.L. Emanuel E.J. Emanuel Decisions at the end of life: Guided by communities of patients Hastings Cent Rep 23 1993 6 14
    • (1993) Hastings Cent Rep , vol.23 , pp. 6-14
    • Emanuel, L.L.1    Emanuel, E.J.2
  • 19
    • 0024357282 scopus 로고
    • The medical directive: A new comprehensive advance care document
    • L.L. Emanuel E.J. Emanuel The medical directive: A new comprehensive advance care document JAMA 261 1989 3288 3293
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.261 , pp. 3288-3293
    • Emanuel, L.L.1    Emanuel, E.J.2
  • 20
    • 0027979796 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives: Stability of patients' treatment choices
    • I.L. Emanuel E.J. Emanuel J.D. Stoeckle Advance directives: Stability of patients' treatment choices Arch Intern Med 154 1994 209 217
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 209-217
    • Emanuel, I.L.1    Emanuel, E.J.2    Stoeckle, J.D.3
  • 21
    • 54749092966 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives and the right to be left alone
    • H.T. Engelhardt Advance directives and the right to be left alone C. Hackler R. Moseley D.E. Vawter Advance Directives in Medicine 1989 Praeger Publishers New York 141 154
    • (1989) , pp. 141-154
    • Engelhardt, H.T.1
  • 22
    • 0027564207 scopus 로고
    • Establishing advance medical directives with demented patients: A pilot study
    • T.E. Finucane B.A. Brock Establishing advance medical directives with demented patients: A pilot study J Clin Ethics 4 1993 51 54
    • (1993) J Clin Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 51-54
    • Finucane, T.E.1    Brock, B.A.2
  • 23
    • 0023765165 scopus 로고
    • Planning with elderly outpatients for contingencies of severe illness: A survey and clinical trial
    • T.E. Finucane J.M. Shumway R.L. Powers Planning with elderly outpatients for contingencies of severe illness: A survey and clinical trial J Gen Intern Med 3 1988 322 325
    • (1988) J Gen Intern Med , vol.3 , pp. 322-325
    • Finucane, T.E.1    Shumway, J.M.2    Powers, R.L.3
  • 24
    • 0024314305 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of hospitalized patients toward life support: A survey of 200 medical inpatients
    • D. Frankl R.K. Oye P.E. Bellamy Attitudes of hospitalized patients toward life support: A survey of 200 medical inpatients Am J Med 86 1989 645 648
    • (1989) Am J Med , vol.86 , pp. 645-648
    • Frankl, D.1    Oye, R.K.2    Bellamy, P.E.3
  • 25
    • 0027500853 scopus 로고
    • patient acceptance of an information sheet about cardiopulmonary resuscitation options
    • R.A. Gates M.J. Weaver R.H. Gates patient acceptance of an information sheet about cardiopulmonary resuscitation options J Gen Intern Med 8 1993 679 682
    • (1993) J Gen Intern Med , vol.8 , pp. 679-682
    • Gates, R.A.1    Weaver, M.J.2    Gates, R.H.3
  • 26
    • 0027444753 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an educational program on medical students' conversations with patients about advance directives: A randomized trial
    • J.M. Greenberg B.H. Doblin D.W. Shapiro Effect of an educational program on medical students' conversations with patients about advance directives: A randomized trial J Gen Intern Med 8 1993 683 685
    • (1993) J Gen Intern Med , vol.8 , pp. 683-685
    • Greenberg, J.M.1    Doblin, B.H.2    Shapiro, D.W.3
  • 27
    • 0026694357 scopus 로고
    • Agreement between patients and their self-selected surrogates on difficult medical decisions
    • J. Hare C. Pratt C. Nelson Agreement between patients and their self-selected surrogates on difficult medical decisions Arch Intern Med 152 1992 1049 1054
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 1049-1054
    • Hare, J.1    Pratt, C.2    Nelson, C.3
  • 28
    • 85113078211 scopus 로고
    • The Hastings Center Guidelines on the Termination of Life-Sustaining Treatment and the Care of the Dying 1987 Indiana University Press and the Hastings Center Bloomington IN 3 6
    • (1987) , pp. 3-6
    • The Hastings Center1
  • 29
    • 0027772373 scopus 로고
    • Elderly patients' preferences concerning life-support treatment
    • M.J. Heap J.R. Muglani Elderly patients' preferences concerning life-support treatment Anaesthesia 48 1993 1027 1033
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 1027-1033
    • Heap, M.J.1    Muglani, J.R.2
  • 30
    • 0027232734 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives and the elderly: A study of intervention strategies to increase use
    • D.M. High Advance directives and the elderly: A study of intervention strategies to increase use Gerontologist 33 1993 342 349
    • (1993) Gerontologist , vol.33 , pp. 342-349
    • High, D.M.1
  • 31
    • 0027570155 scopus 로고
    • The vagaries of patients' and families' discussing advance directives
    • E.G. Howe The vagaries of patients' and families' discussing advance directives J Clin Ethics 4 1993 3 7
    • (1993) J Clin Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 3-7
    • Howe, E.G.1
  • 32
    • 0028351612 scopus 로고
    • Advance directives: Still problematic for providers
    • T. Hudson Advance directives: Still problematic for providers Hospitals and Health Networks 68 1994 46 50
    • (1994) Hospitals and Health Networks , vol.68 , pp. 46-50
    • Hudson, T.1
  • 33
    • 0028295310 scopus 로고
    • Patients' understanding and use of advance directives
    • J.A. Jacobson B.E. White M.P. Battin Patients' understanding and use of advance directives West J Med 160 1994 232 236
    • (1994) West J Med , vol.160 , pp. 232-236
    • Jacobson, J.A.1    White, B.E.2    Battin, M.P.3
  • 34
    • 0021259811 scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of hospice care
    • R.L. Kane J. Wales L. Bernstein A randomized controlled trial of hospice care Lancet 1 1984 890 894
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 890-894
    • Kane, R.L.1    Wales, J.2    Bernstein, L.3
  • 35
    • 0026643549 scopus 로고
    • The effects of hospice coverage on medicare expenditure
    • D. Kidder The effects of hospice coverage on medicare expenditure Health Serv Res 27 1992 195 217
    • (1992) Health Serv Res , vol.27 , pp. 195-217
    • Kidder, D.1
  • 36
    • 0023682101 scopus 로고
    • Life prolongation: Views of elderly outpatients and health care professionals
    • M. Kohn G. Menon Life prolongation: Views of elderly outpatients and health care professionals Journal of the American Geriatric Society 36 1988 840 844
    • (1988) Journal of the American Geriatric Society , vol.36 , pp. 840-844
    • Kohn, M.1    Menon, G.2
  • 37
    • 85113037507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kumar S, Singleton S, Belliard L, et al: Advocating and implementing advance directives in the in-patient medicare population. Louisiana Health Care Review January 29, 1995
  • 38
    • 0022467841 scopus 로고
    • Patient attitudes to discussing life-sustaining treatment
    • B. Lo G.A. McLeod G. Saika Patient attitudes to discussing life-sustaining treatment Arch Intern Med 146 1986 1613 1615
    • (1986) Arch Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 1613-1615
    • Lo, B.1    McLeod, G.A.2    Saika, G.3
  • 39
    • 0021709801 scopus 로고
    • The use and costs of medicare services in the last two years of life
    • J. Lubitz R. Prihoda The use and costs of medicare services in the last two years of life Health Care Finance Review 5 1984 117 131
    • (1984) Health Care Finance Review , vol.5 , pp. 117-131
    • Lubitz, J.1    Prihoda, R.2
  • 40
    • 0027479570 scopus 로고
    • Trends in medicare payments in the last year of life
    • J.D. Lubitz G.F. Riley Trends in medicare payments in the last year of life N Engl J Med 328 1993 1092 1096
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1092-1096
    • Lubitz, J.D.1    Riley, G.F.2
  • 41
    • 0027349329 scopus 로고
    • The Patient Self-Determination Act: An early look at implementation
    • M. Mezey B. Latimer The Patient Self-Determination Act: An early look at implementation Hastings Cent Rep 23 1993 16 20
    • (1993) Hastings Cent Rep , vol.23 , pp. 16-20
    • Mezey, M.1    Latimer, B.2
  • 43
    • 0022240773 scopus 로고
    • Cost savings in hospice: Final results of the national hospice study
    • V. Mor D. Kidder Cost savings in hospice: Final results of the national hospice study Health Serv Res 20 1985 407 422
    • (1985) Health Serv Res , vol.20 , pp. 407-422
    • Mor, V.1    Kidder, D.2
  • 44
    • 0024373549 scopus 로고
    • Informing the patient about cardiopulmonary resuscitation: When the risks outweigh the benefits
    • A.H. Moss Informing the patient about cardiopulmonary resuscitation: When the risks outweigh the benefits J Gen Intern Med 4 1989 349 355
    • (1989) J Gen Intern Med , vol.4 , pp. 349-355
    • Moss, A.H.1
  • 45
    • 0025681191 scopus 로고
    • Improving advance directives for healthy order people
    • D.J. Murphy Improving advance directives for healthy order people Journal of the American Geriatric Society 38 1990 1251 1256
    • (1990) Journal of the American Geriatric Society , vol.38 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Murphy, D.J.1
  • 46
    • 85113058327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • My living Will. Concern for Dying, 250 West 57th Street, Room 831, New York, NY 10107
  • 47
    • 85077086400 scopus 로고
    • Advance medical directives
    • Office of the General Counsel Advance medical directives JAMA 263 1990 2365 2367
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 2365-2367
    • Office of the General Counsel1
  • 48
    • 85113080641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub L No. 101-508
  • 49
    • 0027938984 scopus 로고
    • Implementation of the Patient Self-Determination Act: A study of its implementation
    • D. Park T.A. Eaton E.J. Larson Implementation of the Patient Self-Determination Act: A study of its implementation South Med J 87 1994 971 977
    • (1994) South Med J , vol.87 , pp. 971-977
    • Park, D.1    Eaton, T.A.2    Larson, E.J.3
  • 50
    • 0027564882 scopus 로고
    • Insights pertaining to patient assessments of states worse than death
    • R.A. Pearlman K.C. Cain D.L. Patrick Insights pertaining to patient assessments of states worse than death J Clin Ethics 4 1993 33 41
    • (1993) J Clin Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 33-41
    • Pearlman, R.A.1    Cain, K.C.2    Patrick, D.L.3
  • 51
    • 0027498667 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the Patient Self-Determination Act on patient knowledge and behavior
    • M.K. Robinson M.J. DeHaven K.A. Koch Effects of the Patient Self-Determination Act on patient knowledge and behavior J Farm Pract 37 1993 363 368
    • (1993) J Farm Pract , vol.37 , pp. 363-368
    • Robinson, M.K.1    DeHaven, M.J.2    Koch, K.A.3
  • 52
    • 0028157903 scopus 로고
    • Increasing the completion of the durable power of attorney for health care. A randomized, controlled trial
    • S.M. Rubin W.M. Strull M.F. Fialkow Increasing the completion of the durable power of attorney for health care. A randomized, controlled trial JAMA 271 1994 209 212
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 209-212
    • Rubin, S.M.1    Strull, W.M.2    Fialkow, M.F.3
  • 53
    • 0026513638 scopus 로고
    • Empowerment of the older patient? A randomized, controlled trial to increase discussion and use of advance directives
    • G.A. Sachs C.B. Stocking Empowerment of the older patient? A randomized, controlled trial to increase discussion and use of advance directives Journal of the American Geriatric Society 40 1992 269 273
    • (1992) Journal of the American Geriatric Society , vol.40 , pp. 269-273
    • Sachs, G.A.1    Stocking, C.B.2
  • 54
    • 0026731456 scopus 로고
    • Effects of offering advance directives on medical treatments and costs
    • L.J. Schneiderman R. Kronick Effects of offering advance directives on medical treatments and costs Ann Intern Med 117 1992 599 606
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 599-606
    • Schneiderman, L.J.1    Kronick, R.2
  • 55
    • 0026687685 scopus 로고
    • Relationships of general advance directive instructions to specific life-sustaining treatment preferences in patients with serious illness
    • L.J. Schneiderman R.A. Pearlman Relationships of general advance directive instructions to specific life-sustaining treatment preferences in patients with serious illness Arch Intern Med 152 1992 2114 2122
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 2114-2122
    • Schneiderman, L.J.1    Pearlman, R.A.2
  • 56
    • 0021492362 scopus 로고
    • The high cost of dying: What do the data show?
    • A.A. Scitovsky The high cost of dying: What do the data show? Milbank Q 62 1984 591 608
    • (1984) Milbank Q , vol.62 , pp. 591-608
    • Scitovsky, A.A.1
  • 57
    • 0026584077 scopus 로고
    • How strictly do dialysis patients want their advance directives followed?
    • A. Sehgal A. Galbraith M. Chesney How strictly do dialysis patients want their advance directives followed? JAMA 267 1992 59 63
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 59-63
    • Sehgal, A.1    Galbraith, A.2    Chesney, M.3
  • 58
    • 0023759943 scopus 로고
    • Discussing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A study of elderly outpatients
    • R.H. Shmerling S.E. Bedell A. Lilienfeld Discussing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A study of elderly outpatients J Gen Intern Med 3 1988 317 321
    • (1988) J Gen Intern Med , vol.3 , pp. 317-321
    • Shmerling, R.H.1    Bedell, S.E.2    Lilienfeld, A.3
  • 59
    • 0026553432 scopus 로고
    • Rationing, patient preference, and the cost of care at the end of life
    • P.A. Singer F.H. Lowry Rationing, patient preference, and the cost of care at the end of life Arch Intern Med 152 1992 478 480
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 478-480
    • Singer, P.A.1    Lowry, F.H.2
  • 60
    • 0027665414 scopus 로고
    • Elderly outpatients respond favorable to a physician-initiated advance directive discussion
    • W.D. Smucker P.H. Ditto K.A. Moore Elderly outpatients respond favorable to a physician-initiated advance directive discussion J Am board Fam Pract 6 1993 473 482
    • (1993) J Am board Fam Pract , vol.6 , pp. 473-482
    • Smucker, W.D.1    Ditto, P.H.2    Moore, K.A.3
  • 61
    • 0027439439 scopus 로고
    • Decisions near the end of life: Professional views on life-sustaining treatments
    • M.Z. Solomon L. O'Donnell B. Jennings Decisions near the end of life: Professional views on life-sustaining treatments Am J Public Health 83 1993 14 23
    • (1993) Am J Public Health , vol.83 , pp. 14-23
    • Solomon, M.Z.1    O'Donnell, L.2    Jennings, B.3
  • 62
    • 0021718197 scopus 로고
    • Utilization and charges for terminal cancer patients in Rhode Island
    • W.D. Spector V. Mor Utilization and charges for terminal cancer patients in Rhode Island Inquiry 21 1984 328 337
    • (1984) Inquiry , vol.21 , pp. 328-337
    • Spector, W.D.1    Mor, V.2
  • 63
    • 0022612473 scopus 로고
    • Preferences of homosexual men with AIDS for life-sustaining treatment
    • R. Steinbrook B. Lo J. Moulton Preferences of homosexual men with AIDS for life-sustaining treatment N Engl J Med 314 1986 457 460
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 457-460
    • Steinbrook, R.1    Lo, B.2    Moulton, J.3
  • 64
    • 0026553157 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with veterans' decisions about living wills
    • J. Sugarman M. Weinberger Factors associated with veterans' decisions about living wills Arch Intern Med 152 1992 1049 1054
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 1049-1054
    • Sugarman, J.1    Weinberger, M.2
  • 65
    • 0025315059 scopus 로고
    • Withholding and withdrawal of life support from the critically ill
    • H. Taylor Withholding and withdrawal of life support from the critically ill N Engl J Med 322 1990 1891 1892
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 1891-1892
    • Taylor, H.1
  • 66
    • 0026510049 scopus 로고
    • Decisions for and against resuscitation in an acute geriatric medicine unit serving the frail elderly
    • L.V. Torian E.J. Davidson H.M. Fillit Decisions for and against resuscitation in an acute geriatric medicine unit serving the frail elderly Arch Intern Med 152 1992 561 565
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 561-565
    • Torian, L.V.1    Davidson, E.J.2    Fillit, H.M.3
  • 67
    • 0023791347 scopus 로고
    • Physicians' and spouses' predictions of elderly patients' resuscitation preferences
    • R.F. Uhlmann R.A. Pearlman K.C. Cain Physicians' and spouses' predictions of elderly patients' resuscitation preferences J Gerontol 43 1988 M115 M121
    • (1988) J Gerontol , vol.43 , pp. M115-M121
    • Uhlmann, R.F.1    Pearlman, R.A.2    Cain, K.C.3
  • 68
    • 0026345364 scopus 로고
    • CPR in hospitalized patients: When is it futile?
    • C.F. Von Gunten CPR in hospitalized patients: When is it futile? Am Fam Physician 44 1991 2130 2134
    • (1991) Am Fam Physician , vol.44 , pp. 2130-2134
    • Von Gunten, C.F.1
  • 69
    • 0024740683 scopus 로고
    • Treatment choices at the end of life: A comparison of decisions by older patients and their physician-selected proxies
    • N.R. Zwiebel C.K. Cassel Treatment choices at the end of life: A comparison of decisions by older patients and their physician-selected proxies Gerontologist 29 1989 615 621
    • (1989) Gerontologist , vol.29 , pp. 615-621
    • Zwiebel, N.R.1    Cassel, C.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.