Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus recombinants with deletions of the BamHI C promoter

Virology

Volumn 217, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 532-541

  Swaminathan, Sankar ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELETION MUTANT; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; LATENT VIRUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; VIRUS RECOMBINANT; VIRUS TRANSFORMATION;

EID: 0029927460     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0148     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Adhya, S., and Gottesman, M. (1982). Promoter occlusion: Transcription through a promoter may inhibit its activity. Cell 29, 939-944.
2. Alfieri, C., Birkenbach, M., and Kieff, E. (1991). Early events in Epstein-Barr virus infection of human B lymphocytes. Virology 181, 595-608.
3. Altiok, E., Klein, G., Zech, L., Uno, M., Ehlin-Henriksson, B., Battat, S., Otsu, M., Ono, Y., and Ernberg, I. (1989). Epstein-Barr virus-transformed pro-B cells are prone to illegitimate recombination between the switch region of the μ chain gene and other chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 6333-6337.
4. Altiok, E., Minarovits, J., Li-Fu, H., Contreras-Brodin, B., Klein, G., and Ernberg, I. (1992). Host-cell phenotype-dependent control of the BCR2/BWR1 promoter complex regulates the expression of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens 2-6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 905-909.
5. Baer, R., Bankier, A. T., and Biggin, M. D. (1984). DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Nature 310, 207-211.
6. Bodescot, M., and Perricaudet, M. (1986). Epstein-Barr virus mRNAs produced by alternative splicing. Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 7103-7114.
7. Bodescot, M., Brison, Q., and Perricaudet, M. (1986). An Epstein-Barr virus transcription unit is at least 84 kilobases long. Nucleic Acids Res. 6, 2611-2620.
8. Bodescot, M., Perricaudet, M., and Farrell, P. J. (1987). A promoter for the highly spliced EBNA family of RNAs of Epstein-Barr virus. J. Virol. 61, 3424-3430.
9. Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N. (1987). Single-step method of RNA isolation acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162, 156-159.
10. Cohen, J., Wang, F., and Kieff, E. (1989). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 is a key determinant of lymphocyte transformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 9558-9562.
11. Cohen, J., Wang, F., and Kieff, E. (1991). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 mutations define essential domains for transformation and transactivation. J. Virol. 65, 2545-2554.
12. Danesh, U., Gloss, B., Schmid, W., Schutz, G., Schule, R., and Renkawitz, R. (1987). Glucocorticoid induction of the rat tryptophan oxygenase gene is mediated by two widely separated glucocorticoid-responsive elements. EMBO J. 6, 625-630.
13. Fahraeus, R., Jansson, A., Ricksten, A., Sjoblom, A., and Rymo, L. (1990). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 activates the latent membrane protein promoter by modulating the activity of a negative regulatory element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 7390-7394.
14. Finke, J., Rowe, M., Kallin, B., Ernberg, I., Rosen, A., Dillner, J., and Klein, G. (1987). Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 5 (EBNA-5) detect multiple protein species in Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cell lines. J. Virol. 87, 3870-3878.
15. Frohman, M. A., Dush, M. K., and Martin, G. R. (1988). Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: Amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 8998-9002.
16. Fu, L., Ye, R., Browder, L. W., and Johnston, R. N. (1991). Translational potentiation of messenger RNA with secondary structure in Xenopus. Science 251, 807-810.
17. Gardella, T., Medveczky, P., Sairenji, T., and Mulder, C. (1984). Detection of circular and linear herpesvirus DNA molecules in mammalian cells by gel electrophoresis. J. Virol. 50, 248-254.
18. Hammerschmidt, W., and Sugden, B. (1989). Genetic analysis of immortalizing functions of Epstein-Barr in human B lymphocytes. Nature (London) 340, 393-397.
19. Hurley, E. A., Klaman, L. D., Agger, S., Lawrence, J. B., and Thorley-Lawson, D. A. (1991). The prototypical Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line IB4 is an unusual variant containing integrated but no episomal viral DNA. J. Virol. 65, 3958-3963.
20. Jin, X. W., and Speck, S. H. (1992). Identification of critical cis elements involved in mediating Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2-dependent activity of an enhancer located upstream of the viral BamHI C promoter. J. Virol. 66, 2846-2852.
21. Kaye, K. M., Izumi, K. M., and Kieff, E. (1994). Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 is essential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 9150-9154.
22. Kieff, E., and Liebowitz, D. (1990). Epstein-Barr virus and its replication. In "Virology" (B. Fields and D. Knipe, Eds.), pp. 1889-1910. Raven, New York.
23. Klein, G., Svedmyr, E., Jondal, M., and Persson, P. O. (1976). EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA)-positive cells in the peripheral blood of infectious mononucleosis patients. Int. J. Cancer 17, 21-26.
24. Kozak, M. (1988). Leader length and secondary structure modulate mRNA function under conditions of stress. Mol. Cell Biol. 8, 2737-2744.
25. Kupfer, S. R., and Summers, W. C. (1990). Identification of a glucocorticoid responsive element in Epstein-Barr virus. J. Virol. 64, 1984-1990.
26. Ling, P. D., Rawlins, D. R., and Hayward, S. D. (1993). The Epstein-Barr virus immortalizing protein EBNA-2 is targeted to DNA by a cellular enhancer-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 9237-9241.
27. Mannick, J., Cohen, J. I., Birkenbach, M., Marchini, A., and Kieff, E. (1991). The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein encoded by the leader of the EBNA RNAs is important in B lymphocyte transformation. J. Virol. 65, 6826-6837.
28. Miller, G. (1990). Epstein-Barr virus: Biology, pathogenesis and medical aspects. In "Virology" (B. Fields and D. Knipe, Eds.), pp. 1921-1951. Raven, New York.
29. Miller, G., and Lipman, M. (1973). Release of infectious Epstein-Barr virus by transformed marmoset leukocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 190-194.
30. Nilsson, T., Sjoblom, A., Masucci, M. G., and Rymo, L. (1993). Viral and cellular factors influence the activity of the Epstein-Barr virus BCR2 and BWR1 promoters in cells of different phenotype. Virology 193, 774-785.
31. Northrop, J. P., Crabtree, G. R., and Mattila, P. S. (1992). Negative regulation of interleukin 2 transcription by the glucocorticoid receptor. J. Exp. Med. 175, 1235-1245.
32. Rabson, M., Gradoville, L., Heston, L., and Miller, G. (1982). Non-immortalizing P3J-HR1 Epstein-Barr virus: A deletion mutant of its transforming parent, Jjoye. J. Virol. 48, 834-844.
33. Rowe, M., Rowe, D. T., Gregory, C. D., Young, L. S., Farrell, P. J., Rupani, H., and Rickinson, A. B. (1987). Differences in cell growth phenotype reflect novel patterns of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in Burkitt's lymphoma. EMBO J. 6, 2743-2751.
34. Sample, J., Brooks, L., Sample, C., Young, L., Rowe, M., Rckinson, A., and Kieff, E. (1991). Restricted Epstein-Barr virus protein expression in Burkitt lymphoma is due to a different Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 transcriptional initiation site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6343-6347.
35. Sample, J., Hummell, M., Braun, D., Birkenbach, M., and Kieff, E. (1986). Nucleotide sequences of mRNAs encoding Epstein-Barr virus nuclear proteins: A probable transcriptional initiation site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 5096-5100.
36. Schaefer, B. C., Woisetschlaeger, M., Strominger, J. L., and Speck, S. H. (1991). Exclusive expression of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 in Burkitt lymphoma arises from a third promoter, distinct from the promoters used in latently infected lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6550-6554.
37. Sinclair, A., Brimmell, M., and Farrell, P. J. (1992). Reciprocal antagonism of steroid hormones and BZLF1 in switch between Epstein-Barr virus latent and productive cycle gene expression. J. Virol. 66, 70-77.
38. Speck, S., Pfitzner, A., and Strominger, J. (1986). An Epstein-Barr virus transcript from a latently infected, growth-transformed B cell line encodes a highly repetitive polypeptide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 9298-9302.
39. Speck, S., Woisetschlaeger, M., Schaefer, B., Jin, X., and Yandava, N. (1993). Transcription of the EBV genome in latently infected lymphocytes. In "The Epstein-Barr Virus and Associated Diseases" (T. Tursz et al., Eds.), pp. 105-114. John Libbey Eurotext, Ltd., Montrouge, France.
40. Sung, N., Kenney, S., Gutsch, D., and Pagano, J. S. (1991). EBNA-2 transactivates a lymphoid specific enhancer in the BamHI C promoter of Epstein-Barr virus. J. Virol. 65, 2164-2169.
41. Swaminathan, S., Hesselton, R., Sullivan, J., and Kieff, E. (1993). Epstein-Barr virus recombinants with specifically mutated BCRF1 genes. J. Virol. 67, 7406-7413.
42. Swaminathan, S., Huneycutt, B., Reiss, C., and Kieff, E. (1992). Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs (EBERs) do not modulate interferon in infected B cells. J. Virol. 66, 5133-5136.
43. Swaminathan, S., Tomkinson, B., and Kieff, E. (1991). Recombinant Epstein-Barr virus with small RNA (EBER) genes deleted transforms lymphocytes and replicates in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 1546-1550.
44. Tierney, R. J., Steven, N., Young, L. S., and Rickinson, A. B. (1994). Epstein-Barr virus latency in blood mononuclear cells: Analysis of viral gene transcription during primary infection and in the carrier state. J. Virol. 68, 7374-7385.
45. Tosato, G. (1987). The Epstein-Barr virus and the immune system. Adv. Cancer Res. 49, 75-125.
46. Vacca, A., Felli, M. P., Farina, A. R., Martinotti, S., Maroder, M., Screpanti, I., Meco, D., Petrangeli, E., Frati, L., and Gulino, A. (1992). Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated suppression of the interleukin 2 gene expression through impairment of the cooperativity between nuclear factor AT activated cells and AP-1 enhancer elements. J. Exp. Med. 175, 637-646.
47. Walls, D., and Perricaudet, M. (1991). Novel downstream elements upregulate transcription initiated from an Epstein-Barr virus latent promoter. EMBO J. 10, 143-151.
48. Wang, F., Gregory, C. D., Rowe, M., Rickinson, A. B., Wang, D., Birkenbach, M., Kikutani, H., Kishimoto, T., and Kieff, E. (1986). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 specifically induces expression of the B cell activation antigen CD23. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 3452-3456.
49. Wang, F., Tsang, S., Kurilla, M. G., Cohen, J. I., and Kieff, E. (1990). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 transactivates latent membrane protein LMP1. J. Virol. 65, 3407-3416.
50. Woisetschlaeger, M., Jin, X. W., Yandava, C. N., Furmanski, L. A., Strominger, J. L., and Speck, S. H. (1991). Role for the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 in viral promoter switching during initial stages of infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3942-3946.
51. Woisetschlaeger, M., Strominger, J. L., and Speck, S. H. (1989). Mutually exclusive use of viral promoters in Epstein-Barr virus latently infected lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 6498-6502.
52. Woisetschlaeger, M., Yandava, C. N., Furmanski, L. A., Strominger, J. L., and Speck, S. H. (1990). Promoter switching in Epstein-Barr virus during the initial stages of infection of B lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1725-1729.
53. Yandava, C. N., and Speck, S. H. (1992). Characterization of the deletion and rearrangement in the BamHI C region of the X50-7 Epstein-Barr virus genome, a mutant viral strain which exhibits constitutive BamHI W promoter activity. J. Virol. 66, 5646-5650.
54. Young, L., Alfieri, C., Hennessy, K., Evans, H., O'Hara, C., and Anderson, K. C. (1989). Expression of Epstein-Barr virus transformation-associated genes in tissues of patients with EBV lymphoproliferative disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 321, 1080-1085.
55. Zimber-Strobl, U., Suentzewich, K. O., Laux, G., Erik, D., Cordier, M., Calendar, A., Billaud, M., Lenoir, G., and Bornkamm, G. (1991). Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 activates transcription of the terminal protein gene. J. Virol. 65, 415-423.