Effect of early treatment with tirilazad (U74006F) combined with delayed thrombolytic therapy in rat embolic stroke

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 141-148

  Meden, Per ^a   Overgaard, Karsten ^a   Pedersen, Hans ^b   Boysen, Gudrun ^a  

^a HVIDOVRE HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b ROSKILDE HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Focal cerebral ischemia; Rat; Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; Stroke; Tirilazad; U74006F

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; TIRILAZAD;

ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTERY EMBOLISM; ARTICLE; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CAROTID ARTERY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; INFARCTION; MALE; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0029921998     PISSN: 10159770     EISSN: 14219786     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000108014     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Braughler JM, Hall ED: Central nervous system trauma and stroke. I. Biochemical considerations for oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 1989:6; 289-301.
2. Demopoulos HB, Flamm ES, Pietronigro DD, Seligman ML: The free radical pathology and the microcirculation in the major central nervous system disorders. Acta Physio Scand Suppl 1981:492:91-119.
3. Granger DN, Hollwarth ME, Parks DA: Isch-emia-reperfusion injury: Role of oxygen-derived free radicals. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1986;548:47-63.
4. Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Cherici G, Alesiani M, Carla V, Moroni F: Excitatory amino acid release from rat hippocampal sclies as a consequence of free-radical formation. J Neurochem 1988:51:121-126.
5. Pellegrini-Giampietro DE. Cherici G. Alesiani M. Carla V. Moroni F: Excitatory amino acid release and free radical formation may cooperate in the genesis of ischemia-induced neuronal damage. J Neurosci 1990;10:1035-1041.
6. Dumuis A, Sebben M. Haynes L, Pin JP, Bock-aert J: NMDA receptors activate the arachi-donic acid system in striatal neurons. Nature 1988;336:68-70.
7. Choi DW, Rothman SM: The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death. Annu Rev Neurosci 1990;13:171-182.
8. Buchan AM. Xue D. Huang ZG. Smith KM, Lesiuk H: Delayed AM PA receptor blockade reduces cerebral infarction induced by focal ischemia. NeuroReport 1991:2:473-476.
9. Diemer Nil. Jorgensen MB. Johansen FF. Sheardown MJ, Honore T: Protection against ischemic hippocampal CAI damage in the rat with a new non-NMDA antagonist, NBQX. Acta Neurol Scand 1992:86:45-49.
10. Dirnagl U, Tanabe J, Pulsinelli W: Pre- and post-treatment with MK-801 bul not pretreatment alone reduces neocortical damage after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res 1990;527:62-68.
11. Gill R, Foster AC, Woodruff GN: MK-801 is neuroprotective in gerbils when administered during the post-ischaemic period. Neuroscience 1988;25:847-855.
12. Meldrum B: Protection against ischaemic neuronal damage by drugs acting on excitatory neurotransmission. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 1990;2:27-57.
13. Park CK, Neills DG, Graham DI, Teasdalc GM, McCulloch J: The glutamate antagonist MK-801 reduces focal ischemic brain damage in the rat. Ann Neurol 1988:24:543-551.
14. Sereghv T, Overgaard K, Boysen G: Neuroprotection by excitatory amino acid antagonist augments the benefit of thrombolysis in embolic stroke in rats. Stroke 1993:24:1702-1708.
15. Braughler JM, Pregenezer JF. McCall JM. Chase RL. Duncan LA. Jacobsen EJ: Novel 21-aminosteroids as potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, J Biol Chem 1987;262:10438-10440.
16. Hall ED. Yonkers PA: Attenuation of postisch-emic cerebral hypoperfusion by the 21-amino-stcroid U74006F. Stroke 1988:19:340-344.
17. McCall JM, Braughler JM, Hall ED: A new class of compounds for stroke and trauma: Effects of 21-aminostcroids on lipid peroxidation. Acta Anacslhcsiol Belg 1987;38:417-420.
18. I tall ED, Pazara KE, Braughler JM: Effects of tirilazad mesylate on postischemic brain lipid peroxidation and recovery of extracellular calcium in gerbils. Stroke 1991:22:361-366.
19. Young W, Wojak JC, DeCrescito V: 21-Ami-nostcroids reduce ion shifts and edema in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of regional ischemia. Stroke 1988;19:1013-1019.
20. Fieschi C, Argentine C, Lenzi GL, Sacchetti ML, Toni D, Bozzao L: Clinical and instrumental evaluation of patients with ischemic stroke within the first six hours. J Neurol Sci 1989:91:311-321.
21. Vorslrup S. Paulson OB. Lassen NA: Cerebral blood flow in acute and chronic ischemic stroke using xenon-133 inhalation tomography. Acta Neurol Scand 1986:74:439-451.
22. Wardlaw JM, Warlow CP: Thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: Does it work? Stroke 1992:23:1826-1839.
23. Carter LP. Gulhkeleh AN. Orozco J, Temellas O: Influence of tissue plasminogen activator and heparin on cerebral ischemia in a rabbit model. Stroke 1992;23:883-888.
24. Chehrazi BB, Seibert JA, Kissel P, Hein L, Brock JM: Evaluation of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in embolic stroke. Neurosurgery 1989;24:355-360.
25. Meden P. Overgaard K. Pedersen H. Boysen G: The influence of body temperature on infarct volume and thrombolytic therapy in a rat embolie stroke model. Brain Res 1994;647:I31-138.
26. Meden P. Overgaard K. Pedersen H, Boysen G: Effect of hypothermia and delayed thrombolysis in a rat embolic stroke model. Acta Neurol Scand 1994:90:91-98.
27. Meden P. Overgaard K. Sereghy T, Boysen G: Enhancing the efficacy of thrombolysis by AMPA receptor blockade with NBQX in a rat embolic stroke model. J Neurol Sci 1993; 119: 209-216.
28. Overgaard K, Sereghy T, Boysen G, Pedersen H, Diemer NH: Reduction of infarct volume and mortality by thrombolysis in a rat embolic stroke model. Stroke 1992;23:1167-1174.
29. Overgaard K, Sereghy T, Pedersen H, Boysen G: Effects of delayed thrombolysis with rt-PA in a rat embolic stroke model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994;14:472-477.
30. Boysen G, Overgaard K: Thrombolysis in ischaemic stroke - How far from a clinical breakthrough? J Intern Med 1995:237:95-103.
31. Haley EC, Levy DE, Brott TG, Sheppard GL, Wong MCW, Kongable GL. Marler JR: Urgent therapy for stroke. II. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered 91-180 minutes from onset. Stroke 1992:23:641-645.
32. Pulsinelli W; Pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Lancet 1992:339:533-536.
33. Overgaard K, Sereghy T, Boysen G, Pedersen H, Hoyer S, Diemer NH:A rat model of reproducible cerebral infarction using thrombotic blood clot emboli. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992;12:484-490.
34. Garcia JH, Yoshida Y, Chen H, Li Y, Zhang ZG, Lian J, Chen S, Chopp M: Progression from ischemic injury to infarct following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Am J Pathol 1993:142:623-635.
35. Swanson RA. Morion MT. Tsao-Wu G. Sava-los RA, Davidson C, Sharp FR: A scmiauto-matcd method for measuring brain infarct volume. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990; 10:290-293.
36. Hossmann KA: Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol 1994:36:557-565.
37. Wilson JT, Bednar MM, McAuliffe TL. Raymond S, Gross CE: The effect of the 21-ami-nosteroid U74006F in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke. Neurosurgery 1992:31:929-933.
38. Beck T, Bielenberg GW: The effects of two 21 -aminosteroids on overt infarct size 48 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Brain Res 1991;560:159-162.
39. Park CK, Hall ED: Dose-response analysis of the effect of 2 l-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F) upon neurological outcome and ischemic brain damage in permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 1994;645:157-163.
40. Xue D. Slivka A, Buchan AM: Tirilazad reduces neocortical infarction after transient but not permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 1992;23:894-899.
41. Takeshima R, Kirsch JR, Koehler RC, Trayst-man RJ: Tirilazad treatment docs not decrease early brain injury after transient focal ischemia in cats. Stroke 1994:25:670-676.
42. Astrup J. Sicsjo BK, Symon L: Thresholds in cerebral ischemia - The ischemic penumbra. Stroke 1981;12:723-725.
43. Ncdcrgaard M, Gjcddc A, Dicmer NH: Focal ischemia of the rat brain: Autoradiographic determination of cerebral glucose utilization, glucose content, and blood flow. J Cereb Blood Row Metab 1986:6:414-424.
44. Sato PH. Hall ED: Tirilazad mesylate protects vitamins C and E in brain ischcmia-reperfu-sion injury’-J Neurochcm 1992;58:2263-2268.
45. Memczawa H, Smith M-L, Siesjö BK: Penum-bral tissues salvaged by reperfusion following middle cerebral arterv occlusion in rats. Stroke 1992:23:552-559.
46. Kaplan B, Brint S, Tanabe J, Jacewicz M. Wang X-J, Pulsinelli W: Temporal thresholds for neocortical infarction in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1991:22:1032-1039.
47. Korninger C. Collen D: Studies on the specific fibrinolytic effect of human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in human blood and in various animal species in vitro. Thromb Hacmost 1981:46:561-565.
48. Sobcl BA, Nachowiak DA, Fry ETA, Berg-mann SA, Torr SR: Paradoxical attenuation of fibrinolysis attributable to plasminogen steal and its implications for coronary thrombolysis Coron Artery Dis 1990; 1:111-119.