Emerging problems with enterococcal infections

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 115-119

  Leclercq, Roland ^a   Courvalin, Patrice ^b  

^a HENRI MONDOR HOSPITAL   (France)

^b INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; TEICOPLANIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENTEROCOCCUS; HEREDITY; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 0029920413     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001432-199604000-00015     Document Type: Short Survey

References (40)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin - United States, 1989-1993. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993, 42:597-599.
2. Arthur M, Courvalin P: Genetics and mechanism of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993, 37:1563-1571.
3. Arthur M, Molinas C, Depardieu F, Courvalin P: Characterization of Tn1546, a Tn3-related transposon conferring glycopeptide resistance by synthesis of depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors in Enterococcus faecium BM4147. J Bacteriol 1993, 175:117-127.
4. Van der Auwera P, Pensart N, Korten V, Murray BE, Leclercq R: Influence of oral glycopeptides on the fecal flora of human volunteers: selection of highly-glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. J Infect Dis 1996 (in press). This report describes the rapid emergence of large numbers of glycopeptide resistant E. faecium in faecal flora of volunteers administered oral vancomycin or teicoplanin.
5. Handwerger S, Skoble J: Identification of chromosomal mobile element conferring high-level vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995, 39:2446-2453.
6. Quintiliani R Jr, Courvalin P: Conjugal transfer of the vancomycin resistance determinant vanB between enterococci involves the movement of large genetic elements from chromosome to chromosome. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994, 119:359-364.
7. Woodford N, Morrison D, Johnson AP, Bateman AC, Hastings JGM, Elliott TSJ, Cookson B: Plasmid-mediated vanB glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. Microb Drug Resist 1995, 3:235-240. The first report on plasmid-mediated VanB-type resistance.
8. Power EG, Abdulla YH, Talsania HG, Spice W, Aathithan S, French GL: VanA genes in vancomycin-resistant clinical isolates of Oerskovia turbata and Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) haemolyticum. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995, 36:595-606. The first report on vanA genes associated with high-level glycopeptide resistance in bacterial genera other than Enterococcus.
9. Noble WC, Virani Z, Cree RGA: Co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992, 93:195-198.
10. Jones RN, Sader HS, Erwin ME, Anderson SC, and the Enterococcus Study Group: Emerging multiply resistant enterococci among clinical isolates I. Prevalence data from 97 medical center surveillance study in the United States. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1995, 21:85-93. An antibiotic resistance surveillance study from 97 USA medical centres.
11. Vercauteren E, Leclercq R, Goossens H: Belgian surveillance study of enterococcal susceptibility patterns [Abstract E10]. In Program and Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1994.
12. Schmit JL, Leclercq R, Scheimberg A, Landauer D: Epidemiological and cliniclal approach of the enterococci: results of a survey. [In French]. Med Mal Infect 1994, 24:141-148.
13. Wade JJ: The emergence of Enterococcus faecium resistant to glycopeptides and other standard agents - a preliminary report. J Hosp Infect 1995, 30(suppl):483-493.
14. Boyle JF, Soumakis SA, Rendo A, Herrington JA, Gianarkis DG, Thurberg BE, Painter BG: Epidemiologic analysis and genotypic characterization of a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 1993, 31:1280-1285.
15. Sader HS, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Hollis RJ, Jones RN: Evaluation and characterization of multiresistant Enterococcus faecium from 12 US medical centers. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32:2840-2842.
16. Edmond MB, Ober JF, Weinbaum DL, Pfaller MA, Hwang T, Sanford MD, Wenzel RP: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: risk factors for infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 20:1126-1133. A recent analysis of risk factors for the acquisition of VRE. An unusual finding is that the administration of drugs with activity against anaerobes is a risk factor for the acquisition of VRE.
17. Shay DK, Maloney SA, Montecalvo M, Banerjee S, Wormser GP, Arduino MJ, Bland LA, Jarvis WR: Epidemiology and mortality risk of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infections. J Infect Dis 1995, 172:993-1000. The largest series of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infections. A detailed analysis of mortality risk.
18. Boyce JM, Opal SM, Chow JW, Zervos MJ, Potter-Bynoe G, Sherman CB, Romulo RLC, Fortna S, Medeiros AA: Outbreak of multidrug- resistant Enterococcus faecium with transferable vanB class vancomycin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32:1148-1153.
19. Bingen EH, Denamur E, Lambert-Zechovsky NJ, Elion J: Evidence for genetic unrelatedness of nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus faecium strains in a pediatric hospital. J Clin Microbiol 1991, 29:1888-1892.
20. Plessis P, Lamy T, Donnio PY, Autuly F, Grulois I, Le Prisé PY, Avril JL: Epidemiologic analysis of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus strains in neutropenic patients receiving prolonged vancomycin administration. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995, 14:959- 963.
21. Livornese LL, Dias S, Samel C, Romanovsky B, Taylor S, May P: Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium transmitted by electronic thermometers. Ann Intern Med 1992, 117:112-116.
22. Montecalvo MA, Horowitz H, Gedris C, Carbonaro C, Tenover FC, Issah A, Cook P, Wormser GP: Outbreak of vancomycin-, ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1994, 38:1363-1367.
23. Frieden TR, Munsiff SS, Low DE, Willey BM, Williams G, Faur Y, Eisner W, Warren S, Kreiswirth B: Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in New York City. Lancet 1993, 342:76-79.
24. Jordens JZ, Bates J, Griffiths DT: Faecal carriage and nosocomial spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994, 34:515-528.
25. Torres C, Reguera JA, Sanmartin MJ, Perez-Diaz JC, Baquero F: VanA- mediated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. in sewage. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994, 33:553-561.
26. Bates J, Jordens JZ, Griffiths DT: Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection in man. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994, 34:507-516.
27. Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Witte W: Environmental strains of Enterococcus faecium with inducible high-level resistance to glycopeptides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993, 106:23-30.
28. Klare I, Heier, Claus H, Böhme G, Marin S, Seltmann G, Kakenbeck R, Antanassova V, Witte W: Enterococcus faecium strains with vanA- mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and faecal samples of humans in the community. Microb Drug Res 1995, 1:265-272. Evidence for the presence of enterococci in animal-derived food in Germany.
29. Gordts B, Van Landuyt H, Ieven M, Vandamme P, Goossens H: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonizing the intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33:2842-2846.
30. Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Reissbrodt R, Witte W: VanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 1995, 125:165-172. This paper deals with the potential role of avoparcin for selecting for VRE in animals in Germany.
31. Aarestrup FM: Occurence of glycopeptide resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolates from conventional and ecological poultry farms. Microb Drug Res 1995, 1:255-257.
32. Coque TM, Tomayko JF, Ricke SC, Okhuysen PC, Murray BE: Isolation and characterization of vancomycin resistant enterococci in nosocomial and community fecal samples and animal sources [Abstract C19]. In Program and Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1995.
33. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC): Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995, 44:1-13. Important list of measures aimed to prevent the spread of VRE in hospitals, drafted by the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and other scientific societies.
34. Tenover FC, Swenson JM, O'Hara CM, Stocker SA: Ability of commercial and reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect vancomycin resistance in enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33:1524-1527.
35. Fraimow HS, Jungkind DL, Lander DW, Delso DR, Dean JL: Urinary tract infection with an Enterococcus faecalis isolate that requires vancomycin for growth. Ann Intern Med 1994. 121:22-26.
36. Green M, Shlaes JH, Barbadora K, Shlaes DM: Bacteremia due to vancomycin-dependent Enterococcus faecium. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 20:712-714.
37. Dever LL, Smith SM, Handwerker S, Eng RHK: Vancomycin- dependent Enterococcus faecium isolated from stool following oral vancomycin therapy. J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33:2770-2773.
38. Noskin GA, Cooper I, Peterson LR: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium sepsis following persistent colonization. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:1445-1447. The carriage of VRE can last several months.
39. Ena J, Dick RW, Jones RN, Wenzel RP: The epidemiology of intravenous vancomycin usage in a university hospital. JAMA 1993, 269:598-602.
40. Korten V, Murray BE: The nosocomial transmission of enterococci. Curr Opin Infect Dis 1993, 6:498-505.