메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 75, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 1087-1104

Changes in the control of arm position, movement, and thalamic discharge during local inactivation in the globus pallidus of the monkey

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; KYNURENIC ACID; MUSCIMOL;

EID: 0029919142     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.1087     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0022930826 scopus 로고
    • Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
    • ALEXANDER, G. E., DELONG, M. R., AND STRICK, P. L. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 9: 357-381, 1986.
    • (1986) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 357-381
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Delong, M.R.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 2
    • 0017844789 scopus 로고
    • Discharge properties of basal ganglia neurons during active maintenance of postural stability and adjustment to chair tilt
    • ANDERSON, M. E. Discharge properties of basal ganglia neurons during active maintenance of postural stability and adjustment to chair tilt. Brain Res. 143: 325-338, 1977.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.143 , pp. 325-338
    • Anderson, M.E.1
  • 3
    • 9044227236 scopus 로고
    • Pallidal output circuits in the thalamus
    • edited by M. Kimura and A. Graybiel. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • ANDERSON, M. E., BUFORD, J. A., AND INASE, M. Pallidal output circuits in the thalamus. In: Functions of the Cortico-Basal Ganglia Loop, edited by M. Kimura and A. Graybiel. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995, p. 136-151.
    • (1995) Functions of the Cortico-Basal Ganglia Loop , pp. 136-151
    • Anderson, M.E.1    Buford, J.A.2    Inase, M.3
  • 4
    • 0023607827 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of potentially converging inputs to the rostral ventral thalamic nuclei of the cat
    • ANDERSON, M. E. AND DEVITO, J. L. An analysis of potentially converging inputs to the rostral ventral thalamic nuclei of the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 68: 260-276, 1987.
    • (1987) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.68 , pp. 260-276
    • Anderson, M.E.1    Devito, J.L.2
  • 5
    • 0022258337 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. III. Timing of movement-related information
    • ANDERSON, M. E. AND HORAK, F. B. Influence of the globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. III. Timing of movement-related information. J. Neurophysiol. 54: 433-448, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.54 , pp. 433-448
    • Anderson, M.E.1    Horak, F.B.2
  • 6
    • 0003229146 scopus 로고
    • Movement and preparatory activity of neurons of the monkey thalamus
    • edited by N. Mano, I. Harnada, and M. R. DeLong. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • ANDERSON, M. E., INASE, M., BUFORD, J., AND TURNER, R. S. Movement and preparatory activity of neurons of the monkey thalamus. In: Role of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Voluntary Movement, edited by N. Mano, I. Harnada, and M. R. DeLong. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993, p. 163-170.
    • (1993) Role of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Voluntary Movement , pp. 163-170
    • Anderson, M.E.1    Inase, M.2    Buford, J.3    Turner, R.S.4
  • 7
    • 0025815494 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of pallidal discharge during targeted reaching movement in the monkey
    • ANDERSON, M. E. AND TURNER, R. S. A quantitative analysis of pallidal discharge during targeted reaching movement in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 86: 623-632, 1991a.
    • (1991) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.86 , pp. 623-632
    • Anderson, M.E.1    Turner, R.S.2
  • 8
    • 0026075290 scopus 로고
    • Activity of neurons in cerebellar-receiving and paludal-receiving areas of the thalamus of the behaving monkey
    • ANDERSON, M. E. AND TURNER, R. S. Activity of neurons in cerebellar-receiving and paludal-receiving areas of the thalamus of the behaving monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 879-893, 1991b.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 879-893
    • Anderson, M.E.1    Turner, R.S.2
  • 9
    • 0019556032 scopus 로고
    • Perturbations du déclenchement et de l'exécution d'un movement visuellement guidé chez le babouin, au cours du refroidissement vu après lésion du segment interne du globus pallidus
    • BEAUBATON, D., TROUCHE, E., AMATO, G., AND LEGALLET, E. Perturbations du déclenchement et de l'exécution d'un movement visuellement guidé chez le babouin, au cours du refroidissement vu après lésion du segment interne du globus pallidus. J. Physiol. Paris 77: 107-118, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Physiol. Paris , vol.77 , pp. 107-118
    • Beaubaton, D.1    Trouche, E.2    Amato, G.3    Legallet, E.4
  • 10
    • 0019904020 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and some morphological features of substantia nigra neurons that project to the thalamus, superior colliculus, and pedunculopontine nucleus in the monkey
    • BECKSTEAD, R. M. AND FRANKFURTER, A. The distribution and some morphological features of substantia nigra neurons that project to the thalamus, superior colliculus, and pedunculopontine nucleus in the monkey. Neuroscience 7: 2377-2388, 1982.
    • (1982) Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 2377-2388
    • Beckstead, R.M.1    Frankfurter, A.2
  • 11
    • 0025779162 scopus 로고
    • Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. 1. Neuronal discharge and parameters of movement
    • BROTCHIE, P., IANSEK, R., AND HORNE, M. K. Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. 1. Neuronal discharge and parameters of movement. Brain 114: 1667-1683, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 1667-1683
    • Brotchie, P.1    Iansek, R.2    Horne, M.K.3
  • 12
    • 9044230507 scopus 로고
    • Microexcitable zones in the thalamus are separate from pallidal-receiving neurons
    • BUFORD, J. A., INASE, M., AND ANDERSON, M. E. Microexcitable zones in the thalamus are separate from pallidal-receiving neurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 18: 692, 1992
    • (1992) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.18 , pp. 692
    • Buford, J.A.1    Inase, M.2    Anderson, M.E.3
  • 13
    • 0029871332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting locations of pallidal-receiving neurons and microexcitable zones in primate thalamus
    • BUFORD, J. A., INASE, M., AND ANDERSON, M. E. Contrasting locations of pallidal-receiving neurons and microexcitable zones in primate thalamus. J. Neurophysiol 75: 1105-1116, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 1105-1116
    • Buford, J.A.1    Inase, M.2    Anderson, M.E.3
  • 14
    • 0024831394 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of nonvisually-guided eye movements in Parkinson's disease
    • CRAWFORD, T. J., HENDERSON, L., AND KENNARD, C. Abnormalities of nonvisually-guided eye movements in Parkinson's disease. Brain 112: 1573-1586, 1989.
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 1573-1586
    • Crawford, T.J.1    Henderson, L.2    Kennard, C.3
  • 15
    • 0015062330 scopus 로고
    • Activity of pallidal neurons during movement
    • DELONG, M. R. Activity of pallidal neurons during movement. J. Neurophysiol. 34: 414-427, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.34 , pp. 414-427
    • Delong, M.R.1
  • 16
    • 0020957435 scopus 로고
    • Relations between movement and single cell discharge in the substantia nigra of the behaving monkey
    • DELONG, M. R., CRUTCHER, M. D., AND GEORGOPOULOS, A. P. Relations between movement and single cell discharge in the substantia nigra of the behaving monkey. J. Neurosci. 8: 1599-1606, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 1599-1606
    • Delong, M.R.1    Crutcher, M.D.2    Georgopoulos, A.P.3
  • 17
    • 0017833959 scopus 로고
    • Effect of stubstantia nigra stimulation on identified neurons in the VL-VA thalamic complex: Comparison between intact and chronically decorticated cats
    • DENIAU, M. M., LACKNER, D., AND FEGER, J. Effect of stubstantia nigra stimulation on identified neurons in the VL-VA thalamic complex: comparison between intact and chronically decorticated cats. Brain Res. 145: 27-35, 1978.
    • (1978) Brain Res. , vol.145 , pp. 27-35
    • Deniau, M.M.1    Lackner, D.2    Feger, J.3
  • 18
    • 0027755136 scopus 로고
    • Neural activity in the monkey anterior ventrolateral thalamus during trained, ballistic movements
    • FORLANO, L. M., HORNE, M. K., BUTLER, E. G., AND FINKELSTEIN, D. Neural activity in the monkey anterior ventrolateral thalamus during trained, ballistic movements. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 2276-2288, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.70 , pp. 2276-2288
    • Forlano, L.M.1    Horne, M.K.2    Butler, E.G.3    Finkelstein, D.4
  • 19
    • 0017888502 scopus 로고
    • Lack of prediction in the motor behaviour of parkinsonism
    • FLOWERS, K. A. Lack of prediction in the motor behaviour of parkinsonism. Brain 101: 35-52, 1978.
    • (1978) Brain , vol.101 , pp. 35-52
    • Flowers, K.A.1
  • 20
    • 0018187568 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles
    • FREUND, H.-J. AND BUDINGEN, H. J. The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles. Exp. Brain Res. 31: 1-12, 1978.
    • (1978) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.31 , pp. 1-12
    • Freund, H.-J.1    Budingen, H.J.2
  • 21
    • 0020957434 scopus 로고
    • Relations between parameters of step-tracking movements and single cell discharge in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus of the behaving monkey
    • GEORGOPOULOS, A. P., DELONG, M. R., AND CRUTCHER, M. D. Relations between parameters of step-tracking movements and single cell discharge in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus of the behaving monkey. J. Neurosci. 3: 1586-1598, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 1586-1598
    • Georgopoulos, A.P.1    Delong, M.R.2    Crutcher, M.D.3
  • 22
    • 0026460731 scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxic acid lesions of the primate subthalamic nucleus result in reduced paludal neuronal activity during active holding
    • HAMADA, I. AND DELONG, M. R. Excitotoxic acid lesions of the primate subthalamic nucleus result in reduced paludal neuronal activity during active holding. J. Neurophysiol. 68: 1859-1866, 1992a.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 1859-1866
    • Hamada, I.1    Delong, M.R.2
  • 23
    • 0026498026 scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxic acid lesions of the primate subthalamic nucleus result in transient dyskinesias of the contralateral limbs
    • HAMADA, I. AND DELONG, M. R. Excitotoxic acid lesions of the primate subthalamic nucleus result in transient dyskinesias of the contralateral limbs. J. Neurophysiol. 68: 1850-1866, 1992b.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 1850-1866
    • Hamada, I.1    Delong, M.R.2
  • 24
    • 0025639027 scopus 로고
    • Activity of identified wrist-related pallidal neurons during step and ramp wrist movements in the monkey
    • HAMADA, I., DELONG, M. R., AND MANO, N. Activity of identified wrist-related pallidal neurons during step and ramp wrist movements in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 64: 1892-1906, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.64 , pp. 1892-1906
    • Hamada, I.1    Delong, M.R.2    Mano, N.3
  • 25
    • 0020536506 scopus 로고
    • Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. II. Visual responses related to fixation of gaze
    • HIKOSAKA, O. AND WURTZ, R. H. Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. II. Visual responses related to fixation of gaze. J. Neurophysiol. 49: 1254-1267, 1983a.
    • (1983) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.49 , pp. 1254-1267
    • Hikosaka, O.1    Wurtz, R.H.2
  • 26
    • 0020536507 scopus 로고
    • Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. III. Memory-contingent visual and saccade responses
    • HIKOSAKA, O. AND WURTZ, R. H. Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. III. Memory-contingent visual and saccade responses. J. Neurophysiol. 49: 1268-1284, 1983b.
    • (1983) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.49 , pp. 1268-1284
    • Hikosaka, O.1    Wurtz, R.H.2
  • 27
    • 0020598259 scopus 로고
    • Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata, IV. Relation of substantia nigra to superior colliculus
    • HIKOSAKA, O. AND WURTZ, R. H. Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata, IV. Relation of substantia nigra to superior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 49: 1285-1301, 1983c.
    • (1983) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.49 , pp. 1285-1301
    • Hikosaka, O.1    Wurtz, R.H.2
  • 28
    • 0021969142 scopus 로고
    • Modification of saccadic eye movements by GABA-related substances. II. Effects of muscimol in monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata
    • HIKOSAKA, O. AND WURTZ, R. H. Modification of saccadic eye movements by GABA-related substances. II. Effects of muscimol in monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. J. Neurophysiol. 53: 292-307, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.53 , pp. 292-307
    • Hikosaka, O.1    Wurtz, R.H.2
  • 29
    • 0022978221 scopus 로고
    • Step-tracking movements of the wrist in humans. I. Kinematic analysis
    • HOFFMAN, D. S. AND STRICK, P. L. Step-tracking movements of the wrist in humans. I. Kinematic analysis. J. Neurosci. 6: 3309-3318, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 3309-3318
    • Hoffman, D.S.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 30
    • 0027411186 scopus 로고
    • Multiple output channels in the basal ganglia
    • HOOVER, J. E. AND STRICK, P. L. Multiple output channels in the basal ganglia. Science Wash. DC 259: 819-821, 1993.
    • (1993) Science Wash. DC , vol.259 , pp. 819-821
    • Hoover, J.E.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 31
    • 0021232737 scopus 로고
    • Influence of globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. I. Effects of kainic acid-induced lesions
    • HORAK, F. B. AND ANDERSON, M. E. Influence of globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. I. Effects of kainic acid-induced lesions. J. Neurophysiol. 52: 290-304, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.52 , pp. 290-304
    • Horak, F.B.1    Anderson, M.E.2
  • 32
    • 0018824723 scopus 로고
    • Arm movement performance during reversible basal ganglia lesions in the monkey
    • HORE, J. AND VILIS, T. Arm movement performance during reversible basal ganglia lesions in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 39: 217-228, 1980.
    • (1980) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.39 , pp. 217-228
    • Hore, J.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 33
    • 0022730018 scopus 로고
    • A fast procedure fox calculating miniumum cross-validation cubic smoothing splines
    • HUTCHINSON, M. F. A fast procedure fox calculating miniumum cross-validation cubic smoothing splines. ACM Trans Math. Software 12: 150-153, 1986.
    • (1986) ACM Trans Math. Software , vol.12 , pp. 150-153
    • Hutchinson, M.F.1
  • 34
    • 0018910437 scopus 로고
    • The monkey globus pallidus: Neuronal discharge properties in relation to movement
    • IANSEK, R. AND PORTER, R. The monkey globus pallidus: neuronal discharge properties in relation to movement. J. Physiol. Lond. 301: 439-455, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.301 , pp. 439-455
    • Iansek, R.1    Porter, R.2
  • 35
    • 9044223630 scopus 로고
    • The effects on trained arm movements produced by injections of muscimol or bicuculline into the globus pallidus
    • INASE, M. AND ANDERSON, M. E. The effects on trained arm movements produced by injections of muscimol or bicuculline into the globus pallidus. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 17: 1221, 1991.
    • (1991) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.17 , pp. 1221
    • Inase, M.1    Anderson, M.E.2
  • 36
    • 9044247826 scopus 로고
    • Changes in thalamic cell discharge after injection of muscimol into the globus pallidus
    • INASE, M., BUFORD, J. A., AND ANDERSON, M. E. Changes in thalamic cell discharge after injection of muscimol into the globus pallidus. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 18: 692, 1992.
    • (1992) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.18 , pp. 692
    • Inase, M.1    Buford, J.A.2    Anderson, M.E.3
  • 37
    • 0017691287 scopus 로고
    • Nigrotectal projections in the monkey: An autoradiographic study
    • JAYARAMAN, A., BATTON, R. R., III, AND CARPENTER, M. B. Nigrotectal projections in the monkey: an autoradiographic study. Brain Res. 135: 147-152, 1977.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.135 , pp. 147-152
    • Jayaraman, A.1    Batton III, R.R.2    Carpenter, M.B.3
  • 38
    • 0021810824 scopus 로고
    • Topographical organization of the afferent connections of the principal ventromedial thalamic nucleus in the cat
    • JIMENEZ-CASTELLANOS, J. AND REINOSO-SUAREZ, F. Topographical organization of the afferent connections of the principal ventromedial thalamic nucleus in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 236: 297-314, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.236 , pp. 297-314
    • Jimenez-Castellanos, J.1    Reinoso-Suarez, F.2
  • 40
    • 0021848387 scopus 로고
    • Nigral inhibitory termination on efferent neurons of the superior colliculus: An intracellular horseradish peroxidase study in the cat
    • KARABELAS, A. B. AND MOSCHOVAKIS, A. K. Nigral inhibitory termination on efferent neurons of the superior colliculus: an intracellular horseradish peroxidase study in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 239: 309-329, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.239 , pp. 309-329
    • Karabelas, A.B.1    Moschovakis, A.K.2
  • 41
    • 0026460727 scopus 로고
    • Effects of reversible blockade of basal ganglia on a voluntary arm movement
    • KATO, M. AND KIMURA, M. Effects of reversible blockade of basal ganglia on a voluntary arm movement. J. Neurophysiol. 68: 1516-1534, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 1516-1534
    • Kato, M.1    Kimura, M.2
  • 42
    • 0017621825 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the thalamo-cortical connexions to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey
    • KIEVIT, J. AND KUYPERS, H. G. Organization of the thalamo-cortical connexions to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 29: 299-322, 1977.
    • (1977) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.29 , pp. 299-322
    • Kievit, J.1    Kuypers, H.G.2
  • 43
    • 0018941934 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a GABAergic nigrothalamic pathway in the rat. I. Behavioural and biochemical studies
    • KILPATRICK, I. C., STARR, M. S., FLETCHER, A., JAMES, T. A., AND MACLEAOD, N. K. Evidence for a GABAergic nigrothalamic pathway in the rat. I. Behavioural and biochemical studies. Exp. Brain Res. 40: 45-54, 1980.
    • (1980) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.40 , pp. 45-54
    • Kilpatrick, I.C.1    Starr, M.S.2    Fletcher, A.3    James, T.A.4    Macleaod, N.K.5
  • 45
    • 0025213297 scopus 로고
    • Fine structure of the magnocellular subdivision of the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus (VAmc) of Macaca mulatta. II. Organization of nigrothalamic afferents as revealed with EM autoradiography
    • KULTAS-ILINSKY, K. AND ILINSKY, I. Fine structure of the magnocellular subdivision of the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus (VAmc) of Macaca mulatta. II. Organization of nigrothalamic afferents as revealed with EM autoradiography. J. Comp. Neurol. 294: 479-489, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.294 , pp. 479-489
    • Kultas-Ilinsky, K.1    Ilinsky, I.2
  • 46
    • 0018969763 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a GABAergic nigrothalamic pathway in the rat. II. Electrophysiological studies
    • MACLEOD, N. K., JAMES, T. A., KILPATRICK, I. C., AND STARR, M. S. Evidence for a GABAergic nigrothalamic pathway in the rat. II. Electrophysiological studies. Exp. Brain Res. 40: 55-61, 1980.
    • (1980) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.40 , pp. 55-61
    • Macleod, N.K.1    James, T.A.2    Kilpatrick, I.C.3    Starr, M.S.4
  • 47
    • 0025769781 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic estimation of the extent of reversible inactivation produced by microinjection of lidocaine and muscimol in the rat
    • MARTIN, J. H. Autoradiographic estimation of the extent of reversible inactivation produced by microinjection of lidocaine and muscimol in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 127: 160-164, 1991.
    • (1991) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.127 , pp. 160-164
    • Martin, J.H.1
  • 48
    • 0028110209 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cortical function
    • MIDDLETON, F. A. AND STRICK, P. L. Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cortical function. Science Wash. DC 266: 458-461, 1994.
    • (1994) Science Wash. DC , vol.266 , pp. 458-461
    • Middleton, F.A.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 49
    • 0025974389 scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia motor control. I. Nonexclusive relation of pallidal discharge to five movement modes
    • MINK, J. W. AND THACH, W. T. Basal ganglia motor control. I. Nonexclusive relation of pallidal discharge to five movement modes. J. Neurophysiol. 65: 273-300, 1991a.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 273-300
    • Mink, J.W.1    Thach, W.T.2
  • 50
    • 0025975472 scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia motor control. II. Late pallidal riming relative to movement onset and inconsistent pallidal coding of movement parameters
    • MINK, J. W. AND THACH, W. T. Basal ganglia motor control. II. Late pallidal riming relative to movement onset and inconsistent pallidal coding of movement parameters. J. Neurophysiol. 65: 301-329, 1991b.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 301-329
    • Mink, J.W.1    Thach, W.T.2
  • 51
    • 0026100745 scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia motor control. III. Pallidal ablation: Normal reaction time, muscle cocontraction, and slow movement
    • MINK, J. W. AND TRACK, W. T. Basal ganglia motor control. III. Pallidal ablation: normal reaction time, muscle cocontraction, and slow movement. J. Neurophysiol. 65: 330-351, 1991c.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 330-351
    • Mink, J.W.1    Track, W.T.2
  • 52
    • 0023617258 scopus 로고
    • The primate globus pallidus: Neuronal activity related to direction of movement
    • MITCHELL, S. J., RICHARDSON, R. T., BAKER, F. H., AND DELONG, M. R. The primate globus pallidus: neuronal activity related to direction of movement. Exp. Brain Res. 68: 491-505, 1987.
    • (1987) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.68 , pp. 491-505
    • Mitchell, S.J.1    Richardson, R.T.2    Baker, F.H.3    Delong, M.R.4
  • 53
    • 0023183991 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between EMG patterns and kinematic properties for flexion movements at the human wrist
    • MUSTARD, B. E. AND LEE, R. G. Relationship between EMG patterns and kinematic properties for flexion movements at the human wrist. Exp. Brain Res. 66: 247-256, 1987.
    • (1987) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.66 , pp. 247-256
    • Mustard, B.E.1    Lee, R.G.2
  • 54
    • 0022006046 scopus 로고
    • Cortical and brain stem afferents to the ventral thalamic nuclei of the cat demonstrated by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase
    • NAKANO, K., KOHNO, M., HASEGAWA, Y., AND TOKUSHIGE, A. Cortical and brain stem afferents to the ventral thalamic nuclei of the cat demonstrated by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol. 231: 102-120, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.231 , pp. 102-120
    • Nakano, K.1    Kohno, M.2    Hasegawa, Y.3    Tokushige, A.4
  • 55
    • 0026550113 scopus 로고
    • An autoradiographic study of cortical projections from motor thalamic nuclei in the macaque monkey
    • NAKANO, K., TOKUSHIGE, A., KOHNO, M., HASEGAWA, Y, KAYAHARA, T., AND SASAKI, K. An autoradiographic study of cortical projections from motor thalamic nuclei in the macaque monkey. Neurosci. Res. 13: 119-137, 1992.
    • (1992) Neurosci. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 119-137
    • Nakano, K.1    Tokushige, A.2    Kohno, M.3    Hasegawa, Y.4    Kayahara, T.5    Sasaki, K.6
  • 56
    • 0025353146 scopus 로고
    • Discharge patterns of pallidal neurons with input from various cortical areas during movement in the monkey
    • NAMBU, A., YOSHIDA, S., AND JINNAI, K. Discharge patterns of pallidal neurons with input from various cortical areas during movement in the monkey. Brain Res. 519: 183-191, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.519 , pp. 183-191
    • Nambu, A.1    Yoshida, S.2    Jinnai, K.3
  • 57
    • 0025891565 scopus 로고
    • Movement-related activity of thalamic neurons with input from the pallidum and projection on the motor cortex in the monkey
    • NAMBU, A., YOSHIDA, S., AND JINNAI, K. Movement-related activity of thalamic neurons with input from the pallidum and projection on the motor cortex in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 84: 279-284, 1991.
    • (1991) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.84 , pp. 279-284
    • Nambu, A.1    Yoshida, S.2    Jinnai, K.3
  • 58
    • 0019505944 scopus 로고
    • GABA as the pallidothalamic neurotransmitter: Implications for basal ganglia function
    • PENNEY, J. B., JR. AND YOUNG, A. B. GABA as the pallidothalamic neurotransmitter: implications for basal ganglia function. Brain Res. 207: 195-199, 1981.
    • (1981) Brain Res. , vol.207 , pp. 195-199
    • Penney Jr., J.B.1    Young, A.B.2
  • 59
    • 0025351160 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory influence of rat subthalamic nucleus to substantia nigra pars reticulata and the pallidal complex, electrophysiological data
    • ROBLEDO, P. AND FEGER, J. Excitatory influence of rat subthalamic nucleus to substantia nigra pars reticulata and the pallidal complex, electrophysiological data. Brain Res. 518: 47-54, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.518 , pp. 47-54
    • Robledo, P.1    Feger, J.2
  • 60
    • 0021250247 scopus 로고
    • The origin of thalamic inputs to the arcuate premotor and supplementary motor areas
    • SCHELL, G. R. AND STRICK, P. L. The origin of thalamic inputs to the arcuate premotor and supplementary motor areas. J. Neurosci. 4: 539-560, 1984
    • (1984) J. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 539-560
    • Schell, G.R.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 61
    • 0015120790 scopus 로고
    • Discharge characteristics of single units in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey
    • SCHILLER, P. H. AND KOERNER, F. Discharge characteristics of single units in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 34: 920-936, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.34 , pp. 920-936
    • Schiller, P.H.1    Koerner, F.2
  • 62
    • 0023934783 scopus 로고
    • Neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates display glutamate but not GABA immunoreactivity
    • SMITH, Y. AND PARENT, A. Neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates display glutamate but not GABA immunoreactivity. Brain Res. 453: 353-356, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.453 , pp. 353-356
    • Smith, Y.1    Parent, A.2
  • 64
    • 0000333884 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for "output channels" in the basal ganglia and cerebelllum
    • edited by N. Mano, I. Hamada, and M. R. DeLong. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • STRICK, P. L., HOOVER, J E., AND MUSHIAKE, H. Evidence for "output channels" in the basal ganglia and cerebelllum. In: Role of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Voluntary Movement, edited by N. Mano, I. Hamada, and M. R. DeLong. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993, p. 171-180.
    • (1993) Role of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Voluntary Movement , pp. 171-180
    • Strick, P.L.1    Hoover, J.E.2    Mushiake, H.3
  • 65
    • 0021319712 scopus 로고
    • A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgous monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
    • SZABO, J. AND COWAN, W. M. A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgous monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J. Comp. Neurol. 222: 265-300, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.222 , pp. 265-300
    • Szabo, J.1    Cowan, W.M.2
  • 66
    • 0029092662 scopus 로고
    • The directional tuning of spatial and temporal characteristics of arm movements made by monkeys in a two-dimensional workspace
    • TURNER, R. S., OWENS, J. W. M., JR., AND ANDERSON, M. E. The directional tuning of spatial and temporal characteristics of arm movements made by monkeys in a two-dimensional workspace. J. Neurophysiol. 74: 684-697, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.74 , pp. 684-697
    • Turner, R.S.1    Owens Jr., J.W.M.2    Anderson, M.E.3
  • 67
    • 0020686676 scopus 로고
    • The mode of nigrothalamic transmission investigated with intracellular recordings in the cat
    • UEKI, A. The mode of nigrothalamic transmission investigated with intracellular recordings in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 49: 116-124, 1983.
    • (1983) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.49 , pp. 116-124
    • Ueki, A.1
  • 68
    • 0018080975 scopus 로고
    • The mode of pallidothalamic transmission investigated with intracellular recording from cat thalamus
    • UNO, M., OZAWA, N., AND YOSHIDA, M. The mode of pallidothalamic transmission investigated with intracellular recording from cat thalamus. Exp. Brain Res. 33: 493-507, 1978.
    • (1978) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.33 , pp. 493-507
    • Uno, M.1    Ozawa, N.2    Yoshida, M.3
  • 69
    • 0028210903 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic properties and somatotopic organization of the primate motor thalamus
    • VITEK, J. L., ASHE, J., DELONG, M. R., AND ALEXANDER, G. E. Physiologic properties and somatotopic organization of the primate motor thalamus. J. Neurophysiol. 71: 1498-1513, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.71 , pp. 1498-1513
    • Vitek, J.L.1    Ashe, J.2    Delong, M.R.3    Alexander, G.E.4
  • 71
    • 84924924006 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the subthalamus of the rhesus monkey. II. Hyperkinesia and other physiological effects of subthalamic lesions with special reference to the subthalamic nucleus of Luys
    • WHITTIER, J. R. AND METTLER, F. A. Studies on the subthalamus of the rhesus monkey. II. Hyperkinesia and other physiological effects of subthalamic lesions with special reference to the subthalamic nucleus of Luys. J. Comp. Neurol. 90: 319-372, 1949.
    • (1949) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.90 , pp. 319-372
    • Whittier, J.R.1    Mettler, F.A.2
  • 72
    • 0015375463 scopus 로고
    • Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkeys. III. Cells discharging before eye movements
    • WURTZ, R. H. AND GOLDBERG, M. E. Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkeys. III. Cells discharging before eye movements. J. Neurophysiol. 35: 575-586, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.35 , pp. 575-586
    • Wurtz, R.H.1    Goldberg, M.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.