Effects of unsaturated fatty acids on blood clotting and fibrinolysis

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 20-23

  Sanders, Thomas A B ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7; FISH OIL; LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

ATHEROGENESIS; BLOOD CLOTTING; CLINICAL TRIAL; FIBRINOLYSIS; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; THROMBOGENESIS;

BLOOD COAGULATION; CLINICAL TRIALS; CORONARY DISEASE; FATTY ACIDS, ESSENTIAL; FATTY ACIDS, MONOUNSATURATED; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-6; FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED; FIBRINOLYSIS; HUMANS;

EID: 0029914240     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041433-199602000-00005     Document Type: Short Survey

References (12)

1. Meade TW, Ruddock V, Stirling Y, Chakrabarti R, Miller GJ: Fibrinolytic activity, clotting factors, and long-term Incidence of ischaemic heart disease in the Northwick Park Heart Study. Lancet 1993, 342: 1076-1079.
2. Thompson SG, Kienast J, Pyke DM, Haverkate F, van deLoo JCW: Haemostatic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. N Eng J Med 1994, 332:635-641. This prospective multicentre study of 3043 patients with angina pectoris established the importance of high levels of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen and t-PA antigen as independent predictors of acute coronary syndromes. Patients with low fibrinogen concentrations were at low risk for coronary events despite an increased serum cholesterol concentration.
3. Hoffman CJ, Lawson WE, Miller RH, Multin MB: Correlation of vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors with cholesterol and triglycerides in healthy young adults. Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14:1737-1740. This study looked for the associations between vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and plasma lipids in 216 young men and 81 women. Fibrinogen was not related to plasma lipids but associations of varying degree of strength were noted with prothrombin, factors VIIc and VIIag, factor X and cholesterol. The relationship with plasma triglycerides was similar but weaker in the men but not significant in the women.
4. Brace LD, Gittler-Buffa C, Miller GJ, Cole TG, Schmeisser D, Prewitte TE, Bowen PE: Factor VII coagulant activity and cholesterol changes in premenopausal women consuming a long-term cholesterol-lowering diet. Arterioscl Thromb 1994, 14:1284-1289. This study reports the influence of changing from a typical American diet (37% fat, P:S ratio 0.5, 300mg cholesterol/d) to an American Heart Association Phase 2 diet (30% fat, P:S ratio 1, 150-200mg cholesterol/d) in premenopausal women for 20 weeks. 17 women completed the protocol. The dietary change was accompanied by a 6% decrease in plasma cholesterol but no change in plasma triglycerides. Factor VIIc fell significantly from 79.8 to 67.7%, but VIIag and fibrinogen remained unchanged.
5. Marckmann P, Sandstrom B, Jespersen J: Low fat high fiber diet favourably affects several independent risk markers of ischemic heart disease: observations on blood lipids, coagulation and fibrinolysis from a trial of middle-aged Danes. Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59:935-939. This randomized crossover study of healthy middle-aged males (n = 10) and females (n = 11) compared a typical Danish diet (total fat 39, saturated fatty acid 13, monounsaturated fatty acid 12, polyunsaturated fatty acid 6% energy) with a modified diet (total fat 28, saturated fatty acid 8, monounsaturated fatty acid 8, polyunsaturated fatty acid 6% energy) for 2-week periods. Plasma LDL-cholesterol was lowered from 3.18 to 2.88 mmol/l, but fasting plasma triglycerides remained unchanged. Factor VIIc significantly decreased from 96 to 88% on the modified diet. Fibrinogen, t-PA and PAI-1 did not differ between the diets.
6. WHO/FAO: Fats and oils in human nutrition [Report of a joint expert consultation]. Food and Nutrition Paper 57. Rome: FAO; 1994.
7. de Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, Salen P, Marin JL, Monjaud I, Guidollet J, Touboul P, Delaye J: Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994, 343:1454-1459.
8. Department of Health. Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 46. London: HMSO; 1994.
9. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC: Dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids, fish intake, and the risk of coronary heart disease among men. N Eng J Med 1995, 332:977-982. In 1986 44 895 hearth professionals filled in a food frequency questionnaire. After 6 years follow-up, the relative risk of coronary events was determined according to both intake of fish and n-3 fatty acids. Coronary heart disease events were surprisingly low in this cohort and the fish intake was well above the US average. Increasing the fish intake was not associated with decreased coronary heart disease mortality but was associated with increased risk of coronary artery bypass grafting. There was a trend for those who ate no fish to have a slightly higher risk of coronary heart disease compared with those who ate fish.
10. McLennan PL, Dallimore JA: Dietary canola oil modified fatty acids and inhibits cardiac arrhythmias in rats. J Nutrition 1995, 125:1003-1009. This group have previously shown that long-chain n-3 fatty acids reduce the susceptibility of rats to reperfusion cardiac arrhythmias. This study compared four diets containing 12% olive, canola, soybean or sunflower seed oil. Ventricular fibrillation, mortality and the arrhythmia score were lower in the rats fed the canola oil than those fed the olive oil. The canola oil markedly increased the level of DHA in cardiac lipids compared with other groups.
11. Tremoli E, Eligini S, Colli S, Maderna P, Rise P, Pazzucconi F, Marangoni F, Sirtori CR, Galli C: n-3 Fatty acid ethyl ester administration to healthy subjects and to hypertriglyceridemic patients reduces tissue factor activity in adherent monocytes. Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14:1600-1608. Normal volunteers were given 3 g n-3 fatty acid (EPA/DHA ratio t : 30) for 18 months and tissue factor activity in monocytes was decreased. A randomized controlled trial in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects [14 in the n-3 group and 15 in the placebo (olive oil) group] found a reduction in monocyte tissue factor activity in both stimulated and unstimulated monocytes.
12. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Rosner BA, Sampson LA, Henneken CA: Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet 1993, 341:581-585.