메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 119, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 319-340

The basal ganglia and apraxia

Author keywords

Apraxia; Basal ganglia

Indexed keywords

APRAXIA; BASAL GANGLION; BRAIN INJURY; CAPSULA INTERNA; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; CINGULATE GYRUS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; HEMIPARESIS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MOTOR CONTROL; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUTAMEN; REVIEW; THALAMUS; WHITE MATTER;

EID: 0029913068     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/119.1.319     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (141)

References (96)
  • 2
    • 0019124081 scopus 로고
    • Aphasia after left hemispheric intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Alexander MR, LoVerme SR Jr. Aphasia after left hemispheric intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 1980; 30: 1193-202.
    • (1980) Neurology , vol.30 , pp. 1193-1202
    • Alexander, M.R.1    LoVerme Jr., S.R.2
  • 3
    • 0023258090 scopus 로고
    • Correlations of subcortical CT lesion sites and aphasia profiles
    • Alexander MP, Naeser MA, Palumbo CL. Correlations of subcortical CT lesion sites and aphasia profiles. Brain 1987; 110: 961-91.
    • (1987) Brain , vol.110 , pp. 961-991
    • Alexander, M.P.1    Naeser, M.A.2    Palumbo, C.L.3
  • 4
    • 0022587869 scopus 로고
    • Ideomotor apraxia arising from a purely deep lesion
    • Basso A, Della Sala S. Ideomotor apraxia arising from a purely deep lesion [letter]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49: 458.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 458
    • Basso, A.1    Della Sala, S.2
  • 5
    • 0018851310 scopus 로고
    • Is ideomotor apraxia the outcome of damage to well-defined regions of the left hemisphere? Neuropsychological study of CAT correlation
    • Basso A, Luzzatti C, Spinnler H. Is ideomotor apraxia the outcome of damage to well-defined regions of the left hemisphere? Neuropsychological study of CAT correlation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980; 43: 118-26.
    • (1980) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 118-126
    • Basso, A.1    Luzzatti, C.2    Spinnler, H.3
  • 6
    • 77956784687 scopus 로고
    • Methods in neuroanatomical research and experimental study of limb apraxia
    • Roy EA, editor. Amsterdam: North-Holland
    • Basso A, Faglioni P, Luzzatti C. Methods in neuroanatomical research and experimental study of limb apraxia. In: Roy EA, editor. Neuropsychological studies of apraxia and related disorders. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985: 179-202.
    • (1985) Neuropsychological Studies of Apraxia and Related Disorders , pp. 179-202
    • Basso, A.1    Faglioni, P.2    Luzzatti, C.3
  • 7
    • 0023148091 scopus 로고
    • Aphasia arising from purely deep lesions
    • Basso A, Della Sala S, Farabola M. Aphasia arising from purely deep lesions. Cortex 1987; 23: 29-44.
    • (1987) Cortex , vol.23 , pp. 29-44
    • Basso, A.1    Della Sala, S.2    Farabola, M.3
  • 10
    • 0020155595 scopus 로고
    • Aspetti semeiologici di lesioni talamiche circoscritte. Studio clinicotomodensitometrico
    • Bogliun G, Sanguineti I, Tagliabue M, Tredici G. Aspetti semeiologici di lesioni talamiche circoscritte. Studio clinicotomodensitometrico. Riv Patol Nerv Ment 1982; 103: 153-61.
    • (1982) Riv Patol Nerv Ment , vol.103 , pp. 153-161
    • Bogliun, G.1    Sanguineti, I.2    Tagliabue, M.3    Tredici, G.4
  • 12
    • 0018400380 scopus 로고
    • 'Transcortical' features of aphasia following left thalamic hemorrhage
    • Cappa SF, Vignolo LA. 'Transcortical' features of aphasia following left thalamic hemorrhage. Cortex 1979; 15: 121-30.
    • (1979) Cortex , vol.15 , pp. 121-130
    • Cappa, S.F.1    Vignolo, L.A.2
  • 14
    • 0018973032 scopus 로고
    • The anatomical basis of conduction aphasia
    • Damasio H, Damasio AR. The anatomical basis of conduction aphasia. Brain 1980; 103: 337-50.
    • (1980) Brain , vol.103 , pp. 337-350
    • Damasio, H.1    Damasio, A.R.2
  • 15
    • 0020061166 scopus 로고
    • Aphasia with nonhemorrhagic lesions in the basal ganglia and internal capsule
    • Damasio AR, Damasio H, Rizzo M, Varney N, Gersh F. Aphasia with nonhemorrhagic lesions in the basal ganglia and internal capsule. Arch Neurol 1982; 39: 15-24.
    • (1982) Arch Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 15-24
    • Damasio, A.R.1    Damasio, H.2    Rizzo, M.3    Varney, N.4    Gersh, F.5
  • 16
    • 0002560052 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical localization of ideomotor apraxia: A review and an experimental study
    • Vallar G, Cappa SF, Wallesch CW, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Della Sala S, Basso A. Laiacona M, Papagno C. Subcortical localization of ideomotor apraxia: a review and an experimental study. In: Vallar G, Cappa SF, Wallesch CW, editors. Neuropsychological disorders associated with subcortical lesions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1992: 357-80.
    • (1992) Neuropsychological Disorders Associated with Subcortical Lesions , pp. 357-380
    • Della Sala, S.1    Basso, A.2    Laiacona, M.3    Papagno, C.4
  • 17
    • 13844277566 scopus 로고
    • Methods of limb apraxia examination and their bearing on the interpretation of the disorder
    • Roy EA. editor. Amsterdam: North-Holland
    • De Renzi E. Methods of limb apraxia examination and their bearing on the interpretation of the disorder. In: Roy EA. editor. Neuropsychological studies of apraxia and related disorders Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985: 45-64.
    • (1985) Neuropsychological Studies of Apraxia and Related Disorders , pp. 45-64
    • De Renzi, E.1
  • 18
    • 84889549184 scopus 로고
    • The apraxias
    • Asbury AK, McKhann GM, McDonald WI, editors. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders
    • De Renzi E. The apraxias. In: Asbury AK, McKhann GM, McDonald WI, editors. Diseases of the nervous system. Clinical neurobiology. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders, 1986: 848-54.
    • (1986) Diseases of the Nervous System. Clinical Neurobiology , pp. 848-854
    • De Renzi, E.1
  • 19
    • 0023771658 scopus 로고
    • Ideational apraxia
    • De Renzi E, Lucchelli F. Ideational apraxia. Brain 1988; 111: 1173-85.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 1173-1185
    • De Renzi, E.1    Lucchelli, F.2
  • 21
    • 0018843610 scopus 로고
    • Imitating gestures: A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia
    • De Renzi E, Motti F, Nichelli P. Imitating gestures: a quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia. Arch Neurol 1980; 37: 6-10.
    • (1980) Arch Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 6-10
    • De Renzi, E.1    Motti, F.2    Nichelli, P.3
  • 22
    • 0019922250 scopus 로고
    • Modality-specific and supramodal mechanisms of apraxia
    • De Renzi E, Faglioni P, Sorgato P. Modality-specific and supramodal mechanisms of apraxia. Brain 1982; 105: 301-12.
    • (1982) Brain , vol.105 , pp. 301-312
    • De Renzi, E.1    Faglioni, P.2    Sorgato, P.3
  • 23
    • 0021083685 scopus 로고
    • Performance of left brain-damaged patients on imitation of single movements and motor sequences. Frontal- and parietal-injured patients compared
    • De Renzi E, Faglioni P, Lodesani M, Vecchi A. Performance of left brain-damaged patients on imitation of single movements and motor sequences. Frontal- and parietal-injured patients compared. Cortex 1983; 19: 333-43.
    • (1983) Cortex , vol.19 , pp. 333-343
    • De Renzi, E.1    Faglioni, P.2    Lodesani, M.3    Vecchi, A.4
  • 24
    • 0022529782 scopus 로고
    • Limb apraxia in patients with damage confined to the left basal ganglia and thalamus
    • De Renzi E, Faglioni P, Scarpa M, Crisi G. Limb apraxia in patients with damage confined to the left basal ganglia and thalamus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49: 1030-8.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 1030-1038
    • De Renzi, E.1    Faglioni, P.2    Scarpa, M.3    Crisi, G.4
  • 26
    • 77956777117 scopus 로고
    • Historical perspectives on neuroanatomical correlates of limb apraxia
    • Roy EA, editor. Amsterdam: North-Holland
    • Faglioni P, Basso A. Historical perspectives on neuroanatomical correlates of limb apraxia. In: Roy EA, editor. Neuropsychological studies of apraxia and related disorders. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 1985: 3-44.
    • (1985) Neuropsychological Studies of Apraxia and Related Disorders , pp. 3-44
    • Faglioni, P.1    Basso, A.2
  • 27
    • 0021318823 scopus 로고
    • Posterior internal capsule infarction associated with neglect
    • Ferro JM, Kertesz A. Posterior internal capsule infarction associated with neglect. Arch Neurol 1984, 41: 422-4.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 422-424
    • Ferro, J.M.1    Kertesz, A.2
  • 28
    • 0002437820 scopus 로고
    • Motorische Felder und Bahnen
    • Bumke H, Foerster O, editors. Berlin: Springer Verlag
    • Foerster O. Motorische Felder und Bahnen. In: Bumke H, Foerster O, editors. Handbuch der Neurologie, Vol. 6. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1936; 1-357.
    • (1936) Handbuch Der Neurologie , vol.6 , pp. 1-357
    • Foerster, O.1
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0021858498 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of premotor cortex in man
    • Freund HJ, Hummelsheim H. Lesions of premotor cortex in man Brain 1985; 108: 697-733.
    • (1985) Brain , vol.108 , pp. 697-733
    • Freund, H.J.1    Hummelsheim, H.2
  • 31
    • 0041582971 scopus 로고
    • Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. I
    • Geschwind N. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. I [Review]. Brain 1965; 88: 237-94.
    • (1965) Brain , vol.88 , pp. 237-294
    • Geschwind, N.1
  • 32
    • 0016630162 scopus 로고
    • The apraxias: Neural mechanisms of disorders of learned movement
    • Geschwind N. The apraxias: neural mechanisms of disorders of learned movement. Am Sci 1975; 63: 188-95.
    • (1975) Am Sci , vol.63 , pp. 188-195
    • Geschwind, N.1
  • 34
    • 0021334288 scopus 로고
    • Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus: Behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic correlates
    • Graff-Radford NR, Eslinger PJ, Damasio AR, Yamada T. Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus: behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic correlates. Neurology 1984; 34: 14-23.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 14-23
    • Graff-Radford, N.R.1    Eslinger, P.J.2    Damasio, A.R.3    Yamada, T.4
  • 36
    • 0015693096 scopus 로고
    • Ideational apraxia: A re-definition
    • Heilman KM. Ideational apraxia: a re-definition. Brain 1973; 96: 861-4.
    • (1973) Brain , vol.96 , pp. 861-864
    • Heilman, K.M.1
  • 37
    • 0002920810 scopus 로고
    • Apraxia
    • Heilman KM, Valenstein E, editors. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Heilman KM. Apraxia. In: Heilman KM, Valenstein E, editors. Clinical neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979: 159-85.
    • (1979) Clinical Neuropsychology , pp. 159-185
    • Heilman, K.M.1
  • 38
    • 0000491272 scopus 로고
    • Apraxia
    • Heilman KM, Valenstein E, editors. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Heilman KM, Rothi LJG. Apraxia. In: Heilman KM, Valenstein E, editors. Clinical neuropsychology. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985: 131-50.
    • (1985) Clinical Neuropsychology. 2nd Ed. , pp. 131-150
    • Heilman, K.M.1    Rothi, L.J.G.2
  • 40
    • 84889541094 scopus 로고
    • Apraxia: Disorders of skilled movement
    • Swash M, Oxbury J, editors. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone
    • Heilman KM, Gonzales Rothi LJ, Watson RT. Apraxia: disorders of skilled movement. In: Swash M, Oxbury J, editors. Clinical neurology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1991: 37-41.
    • (1991) Clinical Neurology , pp. 37-41
    • Heilman, K.M.1    Gonzales Rothi, L.J.2    Watson, R.T.3
  • 43
    • 0021191539 scopus 로고
    • Lesion size and location in ideomotor apraxia
    • Kertesz A, Ferro JM. Lesion size and location in ideomotor apraxia. Brain 1984; 107: 921-33.
    • (1984) Brain , vol.107 , pp. 921-933
    • Kertesz, A.1    Ferro, J.M.2
  • 44
    • 0021334940 scopus 로고
    • Apraxia and aphasia: The functional-anatomical basis for their dissociation
    • Kertesz A, Ferro JM, Shewan CM. Apraxia and aphasia: the functional-anatomical basis for their dissociation. Neurology 1984; 34: 40-7.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 40-47
    • Kertesz, A.1    Ferro, J.M.2    Shewan, C.M.3
  • 45
    • 0000659735 scopus 로고
    • Neuromotor mechanisms in the evolution of human communication
    • Steklis D, Raleigh MJ, editors. New York: Academic Press.
    • Kimura D. Neuromotor mechanisms in the evolution of human communication. In: Steklis D, Raleigh MJ, editors. Neurobiology of social communication in primates: an evolutionary perspective. New York: Academic Press. 1979: 197-219.
    • (1979) Neurobiology of Social Communication in Primates: An Evolutionary Perspective , pp. 197-219
    • Kimura, D.1
  • 46
    • 0027352148 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical contributions to drawing
    • Kirk A, Kertesz A. Subcortical contributions to drawing. Brain Cogn 1993; 21: 57-70.
    • (1993) Brain Cogn , vol.21 , pp. 57-70
    • Kirk, A.1    Kertesz, A.2
  • 47
    • 0006910851 scopus 로고
    • Die psychomotorischen Störungen und ihr Verhältnis zu den Motilitätstörungen bei Erkrankungen der Stammganglien
    • Kleist K. Die psychomotorischen Störungen und ihr Verhältnis zu den Motilitätstörungen bei Erkrankungen der Stammganglien. Mschr Psychiat Neurol 1922; 52: 253-302.
    • (1922) Mschr Psychiat Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 253-302
    • Kleist, K.1
  • 51
    • 0019723409 scopus 로고
    • A disturbance in the conceptual organization of actions in patients with ideational apraxia
    • Lehmkuhl G, Poeck K. A disturbance in the conceptual organization of actions in patients with ideational apraxia. Cortex 1981; 17: 153-8.
    • (1981) Cortex , vol.17 , pp. 153-158
    • Lehmkuhl, G.1    Poeck, K.2
  • 57
    • 0000725805 scopus 로고
    • Fall von linksseitiger Agraphie und Apraxie bei rechtsseitiger Lähmung
    • Liepmann H, Maas O. Fall von linksseitiger Agraphie und Apraxie bei rechtsseitiger Lähmung. J Psychol Neurol 1907; 10: 214-27.
    • (1907) J Psychol Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 214-227
    • Liepmann, H.1    Maas, O.2
  • 59
    • 0020029213 scopus 로고
    • The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia. The Robert Wartenberg Lecture
    • Marsden CD. The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia. The Robert Wartenberg Lecture [see comments]. Neurology 1982; 32: 514-39. Comment in: Neurology 1984; 34: 262-3.
    • (1982) Neurology , vol.32 , pp. 514-539
    • Marsden, C.D.1
  • 60
    • 0021383536 scopus 로고
    • Marsden CD. The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia. The Robert Wartenberg Lecture [see comments]. Neurology 1982; 32: 514-39. Comment in: Neurology 1984; 34: 262-3.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 262-263
  • 61
    • 0023474087 scopus 로고
    • What do the basal ganglia tell premotor cortical areas?
    • Marsden CD. What do the basal ganglia tell premotor cortical areas? Ciba Found Symp 1987; 132: 282-300.
    • (1987) Ciba Found Symp , vol.132 , pp. 282-300
    • Marsden, C.D.1
  • 62
    • 0028075916 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical aphasia: The core profile of capsulostriatal infarction
    • Mega MS, Alexander MP. Subcortical aphasia: the core profile of capsulostriatal infarction. Neurology 1994; 44: 1824-9.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1824-1829
    • Mega, M.S.1    Alexander, M.P.2
  • 65
    • 0024592282 scopus 로고
    • Severe nonfluency in aphasia: Role of the medial subcallosal fasciculus and other white matter pathways in recovery of spontaneous speech
    • Naeser MA, Palumbo CL, Helm-Estabrooks N, Stiassny-Eder D, Albert ML. Severe nonfluency in aphasia: role of the medial subcallosal fasciculus and other white matter pathways in recovery of spontaneous speech. Brain 1989; 112: 1-38.
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 1-38
    • Naeser, M.A.1    Palumbo, C.L.2    Helm-Estabrooks, N.3    Stiassny-Eder, D.4    Albert, M.L.5
  • 66
    • 0026750125 scopus 로고
    • Slowly progressive limb-kinetic apraxia with a decrease in unilateral cerebral blood flow
    • Okuda B, Tachibana H, Kawabata K, Takeda M, Sugita M. Slowly progressive limb-kinetic apraxia with a decrease in unilateral cerebral blood flow. Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 86: 76-81.
    • (1992) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.86 , pp. 76-81
    • Okuda, B.1    Tachibana, H.2    Kawabata, K.3    Takeda, M.4    Sugita, M.5
  • 67
    • 0027418396 scopus 로고
    • Ideomotor apraxia without aphasia and aphasia without apraxia: The anatomical support for a double dissociation
    • Papagno C, Della Sala S, Basso A. Ideomotor apraxia without aphasia and aphasia without apraxia: the anatomical support for a double dissociation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 286-9.
    • (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 286-289
    • Papagno, C.1    Della Sala, S.2    Basso, A.3
  • 68
    • 76949128619 scopus 로고
    • The supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex
    • Penfield W, Welch K. The supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1951; 66: 289-317.
    • (1951) Arch Neurol Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 289-317
    • Penfield, W.1    Welch, K.2
  • 69
    • 0020320175 scopus 로고
    • The two types of motor apraxia
    • Poeck K. The two types of motor apraxia. Arch Ital Biol 1982; 120: 361-9.
    • (1982) Arch Ital Biol , vol.120 , pp. 361-369
    • Poeck, K.1
  • 70
    • 0020569833 scopus 로고
    • Ideational apraxia
    • Poeck K. Ideational apraxia. J Neurol 1983; 230: 1-5.
    • (1983) J Neurol , vol.230 , pp. 1-5
    • Poeck, K.1
  • 71
    • 77956773223 scopus 로고
    • Clues to the nature of disruptions to limb praxis
    • Roy EA, editor. Amsterdam: North-Holland
    • Poeck K. Clues to the nature of disruptions to limb praxis. In: Roy EA, editor. Neuropsychological studies of apraxia and related disorders. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985: 99-109.
    • (1985) Neuropsychological Studies of Apraxia and Related Disorders , pp. 99-109
    • Poeck, K.1
  • 72
    • 0002609649 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the sequential motor events in oral apraxia
    • Zülch KJ, Creutzfeldt O, Galbraith GC, editors. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Poeck K, Kerschensteiner M. Analysis of the sequential motor events in oral apraxia. In: Zülch KJ, Creutzfeldt O, Galbraith GC, editors. Cerebral localization. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1975: 98-111.
    • (1975) Cerebral Localization , pp. 98-111
    • Poeck, K.1    Kerschensteiner, M.2
  • 74
    • 0026196740 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between buccofacial and limb apraxia
    • Raade AS, Rothi LJG, Heilman KM. The relationship between buccofacial and limb apraxia. Brain Cogn 1991; 16: 130-46.
    • (1991) Brain Cogn , vol.16 , pp. 130-146
    • Raade, A.S.1    Rothi, L.J.G.2    Heilman, K.M.3
  • 75
    • 0027947563 scopus 로고
    • Corticobasal degeneration. A clinical study of 36 cases
    • Rinne JO, Lee MS, Thompson PD, Marsden CD. Corticobasal degeneration. A clinical study of 36 cases. Brain 1994; 117: 1183-96.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 1183-1196
    • Rinne, J.O.1    Lee, M.S.2    Thompson, P.D.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 76
    • 77956722180 scopus 로고
    • Ideomotor apraxia: Gestural discrimination, comprehension and memory
    • Roy EA, editor. Amsterdam: North-Holland
    • Rothi LJG, Heilman KM. Ideomotor apraxia: gestural discrimination, comprehension and memory. In: Roy EA, editor. Neuropsychological studies of apraxia and related disorders. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985: 65-74.
    • (1985) Neuropsychological Studies of Apraxia and Related Disorders , pp. 65-74
    • Rothi, L.J.G.1    Heilman, K.M.2
  • 79
    • 14444276714 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive neuropsychological model of limb praxis
    • Rothi LJG, Ochpa C, Heilman KM. A cognitive neuropsychological model of limb praxis. Cogn Neuropsychol 1991; 8: 443-58.
    • (1991) Cogn Neuropsychol , vol.8 , pp. 443-458
    • Rothi, L.J.G.1    Ochpa, C.2    Heilman, K.M.3
  • 80
  • 82
    • 0020038971 scopus 로고
    • Transient aphasia with persistent apraxia: Uncommon sequela of massive left-hemisphere stroke
    • Selnes OA, Rubens AB, Risse GL, Levy RS. Transient aphasia with persistent apraxia: uncommon sequela of massive left-hemisphere stroke. Arch Neurol 1982; 39: 122-6.
    • (1982) Arch Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 122-126
    • Selnes, O.A.1    Rubens, A.B.2    Risse, G.L.3    Levy, R.S.4
  • 87
    • 0022343248 scopus 로고
    • Aphasia and agraphia in lesions of the posterior internal capsule and putamen
    • Tanndag O, Kirshner HS. Aphasia and agraphia in lesions of the posterior internal capsule and putamen. Neurology 1985; 35: 1797-801.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1797-1801
    • Tanndag, O.1    Kirshner, H.S.2
  • 88
    • 0018939940 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions associated with oral apraxia in stroke patients: A clinico-neuroradiological investigation with the CT scan
    • Tognola G, Vignolo LA. Brain lesions associated with oral apraxia in stroke patients: a clinico-neuroradiological investigation with the CT scan. Neuropsychologia 1980; 18: 257-72.
    • (1980) Neuropsychologia , vol.18 , pp. 257-272
    • Tognola, G.1    Vignolo, L.A.2
  • 90
    • 0012216721 scopus 로고
    • Klinische und anatomische Beiträge zur Kenntnis der aphasichen, agnostischen und apraktischen Symptome
    • von Stauffenberg WF. Klinische und anatomische Beiträge zur Kenntnis der aphasichen, agnostischen und apraktischen Symptome. Z ges Neurol Psychiat 1918; 39: 71-212.
    • (1918) Z Ges Neurol Psychiat , vol.39 , pp. 71-212
    • Von Stauffenberg, W.F.1
  • 91
    • 0022263738 scopus 로고
    • Two syndromes of aphasia occurring with ischemic lesions involving the left basal ganglia
    • Wallesch CW. Two syndromes of aphasia occurring with ischemic lesions involving the left basal ganglia. Brain Lang 1985; 25: 357-61.
    • (1985) Brain Lang , vol.25 , pp. 357-361
    • Wallesch, C.W.1
  • 95
    • 85039752150 scopus 로고
    • Über einen Fall 'amnestischer Aphasie', Agraphie und Apraxie nebst eigenartiger Störungen des Erkennens und Vorstellens im Anschluss an eine eklamptische Psychose
    • Westphal S. Über einen Fall 'amnestischer Aphasie', Agraphie und Apraxie nebst eigenartiger Störungen des Erkennens und Vorstellens im Anschluss an eine eklamptische Psychose. Dt Med Wschr 1908; 34: 2326-27.
    • (1908) Dt Med Wschr , vol.34 , pp. 2326-2327
    • Westphal, S.1
  • 96
    • 0019997023 scopus 로고
    • Palpatory apraxia
    • Yamadori A. Palpatory apraxia. Eur Neurol 1982; 21: 277-83.
    • (1982) Eur Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 277-283
    • Yamadori, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.