A 348-base-pair region in the latency-associated transcript facilitates herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation

Journal of Virology

Volumn 70, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 2449-2459

  Bloom, David C ^a   Hill, James M ^b   Devi Rao, Gai ^c   Wagner, Edward K ^c   Feldman, Lawrence T ^a   Stevens, Jack G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LSU EYE CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; POLYADENYLIC ACID; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS RNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BASE PAIRING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELETION MUTANT; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; IONTOPHORESIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; RABBIT; TRIGEMINUS GANGLION; VIRUS ACTIVATION; VIRUS LATENCY; VIRUS TRANSCRIPTION; X CHROMOSOME;

EID: 0029912982     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.4.2449-2459.1996     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Altschul, S. F., W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Myers, and D. J. Lipman. 1990. Basic alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410.
2. Antequera, F., and A. Bird. 1993. CpG islands, p. 169-185. In J. P. Jost and H. P. Saluz (ed.), DNA methylation: molecular biology and biological significance. Birkhaeuser Verlag, Basel
3. Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl (ed.). 1993 Current protocols in molecular biology. Wiley, Boston.
4. Block, T. M., S. Deshmane, J. Masonis, J. Maggioncalda, N. T. Valyi, and N. W. Fraser. 1993 An HSV LAT null mutant reactivates slowly from latent infection and makes small plaques on CV-1 monolayers Virology 192:618-630.
5. Bloom, D. C., G. B. Devi-Rao, J. M. Hill, J. G. Stevens, and E. K. Wagner. 1994. Molecular analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 during epinephrine-induced reactivation of latently infected rabbits in vivo. J. Virol. 68:1283-1292.
6. Bloom, D. C., J. T. Hill, E. K. Wagner, L. F. Feldman, and J. G. Stevens. 1994. Presented at the 19th International Herpesvirus Workshop University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
7. Bloom, D. C., and J. G. Stevens. 1994. Neuron-specific restriction of a herpes simplex virus recombinant maps to the UL5 gene. J Virol. 68:3761-3772.
8. Brockdorff, N., et al. 1991. Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome. Nature (London) 351:329-331.
9. Brockdorff, N., A. Ashworth, G. F. Kay, V. M. McCabe, D. P. Norris, P. J. Cooper, S. Swift, and S. Rastan. 1992. The product of the mouse Xist gene is a 15 kb inactive X-specific transcript containing no consented ORF and located in the nucleus. Cell 71:515-526
10. Brown, C. J., B. D. Hendrich, J. L. Rupert, R. G. Lafreniere, Y. Xing, J. Lawrence, and H. F. Willard. 1992 The human XIST gene: analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus Cell 71:527-542.
11. Cloogh, D. W., L. M. Kunkel, and R. L. Davidson. 1982 5-Azacytidine-induced reactivation of a herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene. Science 216:70-73.
12. Coffin, R. S., M. K. Howard, and D. S. Latchman. 1995. Altered dinucleotide content within the latently transcribed regions of the DNA of alpha herpes viruses-implications for latent RNA expression and DNA structure. Virology 209:358-365.
13. Devi-Rao, G.B., D.C. Bloom, J.G. Stevens, and E.K. Wagner. 1994 Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication and gene expression during explant-induced reactivation of latently infected murine sensory ganglia. J. Virol. 68:1273-1282
14. Dressier, G. R., D. L. Rock, and N. W. Fraser. 1987. Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is not extensively methylated in vivo. J Gen. Virol. 68:1761-1765.
15. Farced, M. U., and J. G. Spivack. 1994. Two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) within the 2.0-kilobase latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 are not essential for reactivation from latency J. Virol 68:8071-8081.
16. Farrell, M. J., J. M. Hill, T. P. Margolis, J. G. Stevens, E. K. Wagner, and L. T. Feldman. 1993. The herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation function lies outside the latency-associated transcript open reading frame ORF-2 J Virol. 67:3653-3655.
17. L flanking repeats. J. Virol. 68:2239-2252.
18. Gressens, P., and J. R. Martin. 1994 In situ polymerase chain reaction. localization of HSV-2 DNA sequences in infections of the nervous system. J Virol. Methods 46:61-83.
19. Hill, J. M., J. B. Dudley, Y. Shimomura, and H. E. Kanfman. 1986. Quantitation and kinetics of adrenergic induced HSV-1 ocular shedding. Curr Eye Res. 5:241-246.
20. Hill, J. M., Y. Haruta, and D. S. Rootman. 1987. Adrenergically induced recurrent HSV-1 corneal epithelial lessions Curr Eye Res. 6:1065-1071
21. Hill, J. M., F. Sedarati, R. T. Javier, E. K. Wagner, and J. G. Stevens. 1990. Herpes simplex virus latent phase transcription facilitates in vivo reactivation. Virology 174:117-25.
22. Honess, R. W., U. A. Compels, B. G. Barrell, M. Craxton, K. R. Cameron, R. Staden, Y.-N. Chang, and G. S. Hayward. 1989. Deviations from expected frequencies of CpG dinucleotides in herpesvirus DNAs may be diagnostic of differences in the states of their latent genomes. J. Gen. Virol. 70:837-555.
23. Kenny, J. J., F. C. Krebs, H. T. Hartle, A. E. Gartner, B. Chatton, J. M. Leiden, J. P. Hoeffler, P. C. Weber, and B. Wigdahl. 1994. Identification of a second ATF/CREB-like clement in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter. Virology 200:220-235.
24. Krause, P. R., L. R. Stanberry, N. Bourne, B. Connelly, J. F. Kurawadwala, A. Patel, and S. E. Straus. 1995. Expression of the herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcript enhances spontaneous reactivation of genital herpes in latently infected guinea pigs. J. Exp. Med. 181:297-306
25. Kunkel, T. A. 1985. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 82:488-492.
26. Kwon, B. S., L. P. Gangarosa, K. D. Burch, J. deBack, and J. M. Hill. 1981. Induction of ocular herpes simplex virus shedding by iontophoresis of epinephrine into rabbit cornea. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 21:442.
27. Lagunoff, M. 1995 The regulation of synthesis and properties of the protein product of open reading frame P of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome J Virol. 69:3615-3623.
28. 134.5 gene and transcribed by an RNA 3′ coterminal with the unspliced latency-associated transcript. J Virol. 68:6021-6028.
29. Laibson, P. R., and S. Kibrick. 1966. Reactivation of herpetic keratitis by epinephrine in rabbit. Arch. Ophthalmol. 75:254.
30. Laibson, P. R., and S. Kibrick. 1967. Reactivation of herpetic keratitis in rabbit II Repeated reactivations in the same host. Arch. Ophthalmol. 77:244
31. Laycock, K. A., S. F. Lee, R. H. Brady, and J. S. Pepose. 1991 Characterization of a murine model or recurrent herpes simplex viral keratitis induced by ultraviolet B radiation. Invest. Ophthalmol Visual Sci. 32:2741-2746.
32. Leib, D. A., K. C. Nadeau, S. A. Rundle, and P. A. Schaffer. 1991. The promoter of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a functional cAMP-response element: role of the latency-associated transcripts and cAMP m reactivation and viral latency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:48-52.
33. Maggioncalda, J., A. Mehta, N. W. Fraser, and T. M. Block. 1994. Analysis of a herpes simplex virus type 1 LAT mutant with a deletion between the putative promoter and the 5′ end of the 2.0-kilobase transcript. J. Virol. 68:7816-7824.
34. Margolis, T. P., D. C. Bloom, A. T. Dobson, L. T. Feldman, and J. G. Stevens. 1993. LAT promoter activity decreases dramatically during the latent phase of gangliaonic infection with HSV. Virology 197:585-592.
35. McGeoch, D. J., C. Cunningham, G. McIntyre, and A. Dolan. 1991 Comparative sequence analysis of the long repeat and adjoining parts of the long unique regions in the genomes of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2. J. Gen. Virol. 72:3057-3075.
36. Mehta, A., J. Maggioncalda, O. Bagasra, S. Thikkavarapu, P. Saikumari, T. Valyi-Nagy, N. W. Fraser, and T. M. Block. 1995 In situ DNA PCR and RNA hybridization of herpes simplex virus sequences in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Virology 206:633-640.
37. Perng, G.-C., E. C. Dunkel, P. A. Geary, S. M. Slanina, H. Ghiasi, R. Kaiwar, A. B. Nesburn, and S. L. Wechsler. 1994 The latency-associated transcript gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is required for efficient in vivo spontaneous reactivation of HSV-1 from latency. J. Virol. 68:8045-8055.
38. Priola, S. A., and J. G. Stevens. 1991. The 5′ and 3′ limits of transcription in the pseudorabies virus latency associated transcription unit. Virology 182:852-856.
39. Rice, M. K., G. B. Devi-Rao, and E. K. Wagner. 1993. Latent phase transcription by alphaherpesviruses, p. 305-324. In K. Adolph (ed.), Genome research in molecular medicine and virology. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla.
40. Rock, D. L. 1994. Latent infection with bovine herpesvirius type 1. Semin. Virol. 5:233-240.
41. Rodahl, E., and J. G. Stevens. 1992 Differential accumulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts in sensory and autonomic ganglia. Virology 189:385-388.
42. Sawtell, N. M., and R. L. Thompson. 1992 Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcription unit promotes anatomical site-dependent establishment and reactivation from latency J. Virol 66:2157-2169.
43. Sawtell, N. M., and R. L. Thompson. 1992. Rapid in vivo reactivation of herpes simplex virus in latently infected murine ganglionic neurons after transient hyperthermia. J. Virol. 66:2150-2156.
44. Singer-Sam, J., and A. D. Riggs. 1993. X chromosome inactivation and DNA methylation, p. 359-384 In J P. Jost and H. P. Saluz (ed.), DNA methylation: molecular biology and biological significance. Birkhaeoser Verlag, Basel.
45. Stevens, J. G. 1989. Human herpesviruses: a consideration of the latent state. Microbiol. Rev. 53:318-332.
46. Stevens, J. G., E. K. Wagner, G. B. Devi-Rao, M. L. Cook, and L. T. Feldman. 1987. RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons. Science 235:1056-1059.
47. Tazi, J., and A. Bird. 1990. Alternative chromatin structure at CpG islands. Cell 60:909-920.
48. Thompson, R. L., and J. G. Stevens. 1983 Biological characterization of a herpes simplex virus intertypic recombinant which is completely and specifically nonneurovirulent. Virology 131:171-179.
49. Trousdale, M. D., I. Steiner, J. G. Spivack, S. L. Deshmane, S. M. Brown, A. R. MacLean, S. J. H. Subak, and N. W. Fraser. 1991 In vivo and in vitro reactivation impairment of a herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript variant in a rabbit eye model. J. Virol. 65:6989-6993.
50. Youssoufian, H., S. M. Hammer, M. S. Hirsch, and C. Mulder. 1982 Methylation of the viral genome in an in vitro model of herpes simplex virus latency Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:2207-2210.
51. Zhang, X.-Y., P. C. Supakar, R. Khan, K. C. Ehrlich, and M. Ehrlich. 1989. Related sites in human and herpesvirus DNA recognized by methylated DNA-binding protein from human placenta. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:1459-1474.