메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 1221-1231

Male fertility following spinal cord injury: Facts and fiction

Author keywords

Ejaculation; Electroejaculation; Fertility; Male; Semen; Spermatozoa; Spinal cord injuries

Indexed keywords

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; NEOSTIGMINE;

EID: 0029911307     PISSN: 00319023     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/76.11.1221     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (74)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 0022262731 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury in the United States: A statistical update
    • Ergas Z. Spinal cord injury in the United States: a statistical update. Central Nervous System Trauma. 1985;2:19-32.
    • (1985) Central Nervous System Trauma , vol.2 , pp. 19-32
    • Ergas, Z.1
  • 3
    • 10544253485 scopus 로고
    • Does hypoestrogenism in female patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) contribute to bone loss induced by paralysis?
    • Banovac K, Gonzalez F. Does hypoestrogenism in female patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) contribute to bone loss induced by paralysis? Journal of the American Paraplegic Society. 1991;14(2):109.
    • (1991) Journal of the American Paraplegic Society , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 109
    • Banovac, K.1    Gonzalez, F.2
  • 4
    • 0013878371 scopus 로고
    • Observations on menstruation and pregnancy among female spinal cord injury patients
    • Comarr AE. Observations on menstruation and pregnancy among female spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia. 1966;3:263-272.
    • (1966) Paraplegia , vol.3 , pp. 263-272
    • Comarr, A.E.1
  • 5
    • 0013927494 scopus 로고
    • Interesting observations on females with spinal cord injury
    • Comarr AE. Interesting observations on females with spinal cord injury. Medical Services Journal (Canada). 1966;22:651-661.
    • (1966) Medical Services Journal (Canada) , vol.22 , pp. 651-661
    • Comarr, A.E.1
  • 6
    • 0026197305 scopus 로고
    • The impact of spinal cord injury on female sexuality, menstruation, and pregnancy: A review of the literature
    • Sipski ML. The impact of spinal cord injury on female sexuality, menstruation, and pregnancy: a review of the literature. Journal of the American Paraplegic Society. 1991;14:122-126.
    • (1991) Journal of the American Paraplegic Society , vol.14 , pp. 122-126
    • Sipski, M.L.1
  • 7
    • 0001471817 scopus 로고
    • Fertility in paraplegic males: A preliminary report of endocrine studies
    • Bors E, Engle ET, Rosenquist RC, et al. Fertility in paraplegic males: a preliminary report of endocrine studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1950;10:381-398.
    • (1950) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.10 , pp. 381-398
    • Bors, E.1    Engle, E.T.2    Rosenquist, R.C.3
  • 8
    • 0000759191 scopus 로고
    • Neurological disturbances of sexual function with special reference to 529 patients with spinal cord injury
    • Bors E, Comarr AE. Neurological disturbances of sexual function with special reference to 529 patients with spinal cord injury. Urologic Survey. 1960;10:191-122.
    • (1960) Urologic Survey , vol.10 , pp. 191-1122
    • Bors, E.1    Comarr, A.E.2
  • 9
    • 0027982909 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine profiles and semen quality of spinal cord injured men
    • Brackett NL, Lynne CM, Weizman MS, et al. Endocrine profiles and semen quality of spinal cord injured men. J Urol. 1994;151:114-119.
    • (1994) J Urol. , vol.151 , pp. 114-119
    • Brackett, N.L.1    Lynne, C.M.2    Weizman, M.S.3
  • 11
    • 1642294517 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dysfunction in spinal injury
    • Singer C, Weiner WJ, eds. Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co
    • Martinez-Arizala A, Brackett NL. Sexual dysfunction in spinal injury. In: Singer C, Weiner WJ, eds. Sexual Dysfunction: A Neuro-Medical Approach. Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co; 1994:135-153.
    • (1994) Sexual Dysfunction: A Neuro-Medical Approach , pp. 135-153
    • Martinez-Arizala, A.1    Brackett, N.L.2
  • 13
    • 0020570851 scopus 로고
    • Ejaculatory dysfunction
    • Thomas AJ. Ejaculatory dysfunction. Fertil Steril. 1983;39:445-453.
    • (1983) Fertil Steril. , vol.39 , pp. 445-453
    • Thomas, A.J.1
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0026680267 scopus 로고
    • Penile erection in men with spinal cord or cauda equina lesions
    • Biering-Sorensen F, Sonksen J. Penile erection in men with spinal cord or cauda equina lesions. Semin Neurol. 1992;12:98-105.
    • (1992) Semin Neurol. , vol.12 , pp. 98-105
    • Biering-Sorensen, F.1    Sonksen, J.2
  • 17
    • 0028574890 scopus 로고
    • Scrotal and oral temperatures are not related to semen quality of serum gonadotropin levels in spinal cord-injured men
    • Brackett NL, Lynne CM, Weizman MS, et al. Scrotal and oral temperatures are not related to semen quality of serum gonadotropin levels in spinal cord-injured men. J Androl. 1994;15:614-619.
    • (1994) J Androl. , vol.15 , pp. 614-619
    • Brackett, N.L.1    Lynne, C.M.2    Weizman, M.S.3
  • 18
    • 0029870715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seminal plasma of spinal cord injured men inhibits sperm motility of normal men
    • Brackett NL, Davi RC, Padron OF, Lynne CM. Seminal plasma of spinal cord injured men inhibits sperm motility of normal men. J Urol. 1996;155:1632-1635.
    • (1996) J Urol. , vol.155 , pp. 1632-1635
    • Brackett, N.L.1    Davi, R.C.2    Padron, O.F.3    Lynne, C.M.4
  • 19
    • 0023234349 scopus 로고
    • Rectal probe electrostimulation in the treatment of anejaculatory spinal cord injured men
    • Halstead LS, VerVoort S, Seager SW. Rectal probe electrostimulation in the treatment of anejaculatory spinal cord injured men. Paraplegia. 1987;25:120-129.
    • (1987) Paraplegia , vol.25 , pp. 120-129
    • Halstead, L.S.1    VerVoort, S.2    Seager, S.W.3
  • 20
    • 0023834387 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dysfunction and electroejaculation in men with spinal cord injury: Review
    • Bennett CJ, Seager SW, Vasher EA, McGuire EJ. Sexual dysfunction and electroejaculation in men with spinal cord injury: review. J Urol. 1988;139:453-457.
    • (1988) J Urol. , vol.139 , pp. 453-457
    • Bennett, C.J.1    Seager, S.W.2    Vasher, E.A.3    McGuire, E.J.4
  • 21
    • 0015053019 scopus 로고
    • Prostigmin assessment test of fertility in spinal man
    • Guttmann L, Walsh JJ. Prostigmin assessment test of fertility in spinal man. Paraplegia. 1971;9:39-51.
    • (1971) Paraplegia , vol.9 , pp. 39-51
    • Guttmann, L.1    Walsh, J.J.2
  • 22
    • 0025735529 scopus 로고
    • Good-quality semen recovered from a paraplegic man with physostigmine salicylate treatment: A case report
    • Jesionowska H, Hemmings R. Good-quality semen recovered from a paraplegic man with physostigmine salicylate treatment: a case report. J Reprod Med. 1991;36:167-169.
    • (1991) J Reprod Med. , vol.36 , pp. 167-169
    • Jesionowska, H.1    Hemmings, R.2
  • 23
    • 0023848596 scopus 로고
    • Neurological correlations of ejaculation and testicular size in men with a complete spinal cord section
    • Chapelle PA, Roby-Brami A, Yakovleff A, Bussel B. Neurological correlations of ejaculation and testicular size in men with a complete spinal cord section. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:197-202.
    • (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 197-202
    • Chapelle, P.A.1    Roby-Brami, A.2    Yakovleff, A.3    Bussel, B.4
  • 24
    • 0020526009 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy achieved by ambulatory treatment of an ejaculation in the paraplegic man: Apropos of a case
    • Chapelle PA. Pregnancy achieved by ambulatory treatment of an ejaculation in the paraplegic man: apropos of a case [French]. J Urol (Paris). 1983;89:165-168.
    • (1983) J Urol (Paris) , vol.89 , pp. 165-168
    • Chapelle, P.A.1
  • 25
    • 0014722458 scopus 로고
    • Sexual function among patients with spinal cord injury
    • Comarr AE. Sexual function among patients with spinal cord injury. Urol Int. 1970;25:134-168.
    • (1970) Urol Int. , vol.25 , pp. 134-168
    • Comarr, A.E.1
  • 26
    • 0019362039 scopus 로고
    • Reflex ejaculation under vibratory stimulation in paraplegic men
    • Brindley GS. Reflex ejaculation under vibratory stimulation in paraplegic men. Paraplegia. 1981;19:299-302.
    • (1981) Paraplegia , vol.19 , pp. 299-302
    • Brindley, G.S.1
  • 27
    • 0026419252 scopus 로고
    • Vibration-induced reflex ejaculation in patients with spinal cord injuries
    • Sonksen JO, Drewes AM, Biering-Sorensen F, Giwercman AJ. Vibration-induced reflex ejaculation in patients with spinal cord injuries [Danish]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1991;153:2888-2890.
    • (1991) Ugeskr Laeger , vol.153 , pp. 2888-2890
    • Sonksen, J.O.1    Drewes, A.M.2    Biering-Sorensen, F.3    Giwercman, A.J.4
  • 28
    • 0024603493 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive aspects in spinal cord injured males
    • Beretta G, Chelo E, Zanollo A. Reproductive aspects in spinal cord injured males. Paraplegia. 1989;27:113-118.
    • (1989) Paraplegia , vol.27 , pp. 113-118
    • Beretta, G.1    Chelo, E.2    Zanollo, A.3
  • 29
    • 0028116957 scopus 로고
    • Ejaculation induced by penile vibratory stimulation in men with spinal cord injuries: The importance of the vibratory amplitude
    • Sonksen J, Biering-Sorensen F, Kristensen JK. Ejaculation induced by penile vibratory stimulation in men with spinal cord injuries: the importance of the vibratory amplitude. Paraplegia. 1994;32:651-660.
    • (1994) Paraplegia , vol.32 , pp. 651-660
    • Sonksen, J.1    Biering-Sorensen, F.2    Kristensen, J.K.3
  • 30
    • 0009570666 scopus 로고
    • Improved success rate in ejaculation of spinal cord injured men with high-amplitude (FERTI-CARE clinic) versus low-amplitude vibrator
    • Birmingham, Ala: American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Abstract
    • Brackett NL, Sonksen J, Lynne CM. Improved success rate in ejaculation of spinal cord injured men with high-amplitude (FERTI-CARE clinic) versus low-amplitude vibrator. In: 1995 Annual Meeting Program Supplement. Birmingham, Ala: American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 1995;S17. Abstract.
    • (1995) 1995 Annual Meeting Program Supplement
    • Brackett, N.L.1    Sonksen, J.2    Lynne, C.M.3
  • 31
    • 78651004596 scopus 로고
    • Fertility studies in the human male with traumatic injuries of the spinal cord and cauda equina
    • Horne HW, Paull DP, Munro D. Fertility studies in the human male with traumatic injuries of the spinal cord and cauda equina. N Engl J Med. 1948;239:959-961.
    • (1948) N Engl J Med. , vol.239 , pp. 959-961
    • Horne, H.W.1    Paull, D.P.2    Munro, D.3
  • 32
    • 0029064263 scopus 로고
    • Treatment by assisted conception of severe male factor infertility due to spinal cord injury or other neurological impairment
    • Brackett NL, Abae M, Padron OF, Lynne CM. Treatment by assisted conception of severe male factor infertility due to spinal cord injury or other neurological impairment. J Assist Reprod. Genet. 1995;12:210-216.
    • (1995) J Assist Reprod. Genet. , vol.12 , pp. 210-216
    • Brackett, N.L.1    Abae, M.2    Padron, O.F.3    Lynne, C.M.4
  • 34
    • 0017288119 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of Hodgkin's disease and Gaucher's disease
    • Cho SY, Sastre M. Coexistence of Hodgkin's disease and Gaucher's disease. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976;65:103-108.
    • (1976) Am J Clin Pathol. , vol.65 , pp. 103-108
    • Cho, S.Y.1    Sastre, M.2
  • 35
    • 0019155507 scopus 로고
    • Electroejaculation and the fertility of paraplegic men
    • Brindley GS. Electroejaculation and the fertility of paraplegic men. Sexuality and Disability. 1980;3:223-229.
    • (1980) Sexuality and Disability , vol.3 , pp. 223-229
    • Brindley, G.S.1
  • 36
    • 0027236457 scopus 로고
    • Fertility options and success after spinal cord injury
    • Seager SW, Halstead LS. Fertility options and success after spinal cord injury. Urol Clin North Am. 1993;20:543-548.
    • (1993) Urol Clin North Am. , vol.20 , pp. 543-548
    • Seager, S.W.1    Halstead, L.S.2
  • 37
    • 0020622059 scopus 로고
    • Initiation of erection and semen release by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE)
    • Martin DE, Warner H, Crenshaw TL, et al. Initiation of erection and semen release by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) .J Urol. 1983; 129:637-642.
    • (1983) J Urol. , vol.129 , pp. 637-642
    • Martin, D.E.1    Warner, H.2    Crenshaw, T.L.3
  • 38
    • 0028217111 scopus 로고
    • Collection of semen from men in acute phase of spinal cord injury
    • Mallidis C, Lim TC, Hill ST, et al. Collection of semen from men in acute phase of spinal cord injury. Lancet. 1994;343:1072-1073.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1072-1073
    • Mallidis, C.1    Lim, T.C.2    Hill, S.T.3
  • 39
    • 0025822404 scopus 로고
    • The application of pentoxifylline in the stimulation of sperm motion in men undergoing electroejaculation
    • Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJ. The application of pentoxifylline in the stimulation of sperm motion in men undergoing electroejaculation. J Androl. 1991;12:165-170.
    • (1991) J Androl. , vol.12 , pp. 165-170
    • Sikka, S.C.1    Hellstrom, W.J.2
  • 40
    • 0023929578 scopus 로고
    • Successful combination therapy with electroejaculation and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the treatment of a paraplegic male with severe oligoasthenospermia
    • Ayers JW, Moinipanah R, Bennett CJ, et al. Successful combination therapy with electroejaculation and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the treatment of a paraplegic male with severe oligoasthenospermia. Fertil Steril. 1988;49:1089-1090.
    • (1988) Fertil Steril. , vol.49 , pp. 1089-1090
    • Ayers, J.W.1    Moinipanah, R.2    Bennett, C.J.3
  • 41
    • 0024828312 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of success in electroejaculation of spinal cord injured men
    • Ohl DA, Bennett CJ, McCabe M, et al. Predictors of success in electroejaculation of spinal cord injured men. J Urol. 1989;142:1483-1486.
    • (1989) J Urol. , vol.142 , pp. 1483-1486
    • Ohl, D.A.1    Bennett, C.J.2    McCabe, M.3
  • 42
    • 0025061581 scopus 로고
    • Combined electroejaculation and in vitro fertilization in the evaluation and treatment of anejaculatory infertility
    • Randolph JF Jr, Ohl DA, Bennett CJ, et al. Combined electroejaculation and in vitro fertilization in the evaluation and treatment of anejaculatory infertility. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization & Embryo Transfer. 1990;7:58-62.
    • (1990) Journal of in Vitro Fertilization & Embryo Transfer. , vol.7 , pp. 58-62
    • Randolph Jr., J.F.1    Ohl, D.A.2    Bennett, C.J.3
  • 44
    • 0026033096 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical analysis of electroejaculates in spinal cord injured men: Comparison to normal ejaculates
    • Hirsch IH, Jeyendran RS, Sedor J, et al. Biochemical analysis of electroejaculates in spinal cord injured men: comparison to normal ejaculates. J Urol. 1991;145:73-76.
    • (1991) J Urol. , vol.145 , pp. 73-76
    • Hirsch, I.H.1    Jeyendran, R.S.2    Sedor, J.3
  • 46
    • 0026663483 scopus 로고
    • Motility longevity of sperm samples processed for intrauterine insemination
    • Denil J, Ohl DA, Hurd WW, et al. Motility longevity of sperm samples processed for intrauterine insemination. Fertil Steril. 1992;58: 436-438.
    • (1992) Fertil Steril. , vol.58 , pp. 436-438
    • Denil, J.1    Ohl, D.A.2    Hurd, W.W.3
  • 48
    • 0020027934 scopus 로고
    • Deep scrotal temperature and the effect on it of clothing, air temperature, activity, posture, and paraplegia
    • Brindley GS. Deep scrotal temperature and the effect on it of clothing, air temperature, activity, posture, and paraplegia. Br J Urol. 1982;54:49-55.
    • (1982) Br J Urol. , vol.54 , pp. 49-55
    • Brindley, G.S.1
  • 49
    • 0025218586 scopus 로고
    • Quality of semen after repeated ejaculation treatment in spinal cord injury men
    • Siosteen A, Forssman L, Steen Y, et al. Quality of semen after repeated ejaculation treatment in spinal cord injury men. Paraplegia. 1990;28:96-104.
    • (1990) Paraplegia , vol.28 , pp. 96-104
    • Siosteen, A.1    Forssman, L.2    Steen, Y.3
  • 50
    • 0026848372 scopus 로고
    • Fertility of spinal cord injured males: Effect of genitourinary infection and bladder management on results of electroejaculation
    • Ohl DA, Denil J, Fitzgerald-Shelton K, et al. Fertility of spinal cord injured males: effect of genitourinary infection and bladder management on results of electroejaculation. Journal of the American Paraplegic Society. 1992;15:53-59.
    • (1992) Journal of the American Paraplegic Society , vol.15 , pp. 53-59
    • Ohl, D.A.1    Denil, J.2    Fitzgerald-Shelton, K.3
  • 52
    • 0021807910 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology of paraplegics: Results of semen collection, testicular biopsy, and serum hormone evaluation
    • Perkash I, Martin DE, Warner II, et al. Reproductive biology of paraplegics: results of semen collection, testicular biopsy, and serum hormone evaluation. J Urol. 1985;134:284-288.
    • (1985) J Urol. , vol.134 , pp. 284-288
    • Perkash, I.1    Martin, D.E.2    Warner, I.I.3
  • 53
    • 0027481886 scopus 로고
    • Pituitary-testicular and pituitary-thyroid axes in spinal cord-injured males
    • Huang TS, Wang YH, Chiang HS, Lien YN. Pituitary-testicular and pituitary-thyroid axes in spinal cord-injured males. Metabolism. 1993;42: 516-521.
    • (1993) Metabolism , vol.42 , pp. 516-521
    • Huang, T.S.1    Wang, Y.H.2    Chiang, H.S.3    Lien, Y.N.4
  • 54
    • 0021659775 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and haemodynamic responses to tilting and to standing in tetraplegic patients: A review
    • Figoni SF. Cardiovascular and haemodynamic responses to tilting and to standing in tetraplegic patients: a review. Paraplegia. 1984;22: 99-109.
    • (1984) Paraplegia , vol.22 , pp. 99-109
    • Figoni, S.F.1
  • 55
    • 0022469035 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular findings in quadriplegic and paraplegic patients and in normal subjects
    • Kessler KM, Pina I, Green B, et al. Cardiovascular findings in quadriplegic and paraplegic patients and in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1986;58:525-530.
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol. , vol.58 , pp. 525-530
    • Kessler, K.M.1    Pina, I.2    Green, B.3
  • 56
    • 0026014828 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of adaptive left ventricular atrophy following electrically stimulated exercise training in human tetraplegics
    • Nash MS, Bilsker S, Marcillo AE, et al. Reversal of adaptive left ventricular atrophy following electrically stimulated exercise training in human tetraplegics. Paraplegia. 1991;29:590-599.
    • (1991) Paraplegia , vol.29 , pp. 590-599
    • Nash, M.S.1    Bilsker, S.2    Marcillo, A.E.3
  • 57
    • 0028948282 scopus 로고
    • Effects of electrically stimulated exercise and passive motion on echocardiographically derived wall motion and cardiodynamic function in tetraplegic persons
    • Nash MS, Bilsker MS, Kearney HM, et al. Effects of electrically stimulated exercise and passive motion on echocardiographically derived wall motion and cardiodynamic function in tetraplegic persons. Paraplegia. 1995;33:80-89.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , pp. 80-89
    • Nash, M.S.1    Bilsker, M.S.2    Kearney, H.M.3
  • 58
    • 0026715201 scopus 로고
    • The hvpothalamo-pituitary regulation of androgen secretion in young men after prolonged physical stress combined with energy and sleep deprivation
    • Opstad PK. The hvpothalamo-pituitary regulation of androgen secretion in young men after prolonged physical stress combined with energy and sleep deprivation. Acta Endocrinologica. 1992;127:231-236.
    • (1992) Acta Endocrinologica , vol.127 , pp. 231-236
    • Opstad, P.K.1
  • 59
    • 0026265738 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive hormones during 42 days of maximal physical effort, low temperatures, and general hardship
    • Johansen AT, Norman N. Reproductive hormones during 42 days of maximal physical effort, low temperatures, and general hardship. Arctic Med Res. 1991;50(suppl 6):142-147.
    • (1991) Arctic Med Res. , vol.50 , Issue.6 SUPPL. , pp. 142-147
    • Johansen, A.T.1    Norman, N.2
  • 60
    • 0025299299 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin tests reveal that both hypothalamic and testicular endocrine functions are suppressed during acute prolonged physical exercise
    • Kujala UM, Alen M, Huhtaniemi IT. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin tests reveal that both hypothalamic and testicular endocrine functions are suppressed during acute prolonged physical exercise. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990;33: 219-225.
    • (1990) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.33 , pp. 219-225
    • Kujala, U.M.1    Alen, M.2    Huhtaniemi, I.T.3
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0024679370 scopus 로고
    • The effect of chemical sympathectomy on natural killer cells in mice
    • Reder A, Checinski M, Chelmicka-Schorr E. The effect of chemical sympathectomy on natural killer cells in mice. Brain Behav Immun. 1989;3:110-118.
    • (1989) Brain Behav Immun. , vol.3 , pp. 110-118
    • Reder, A.1    Checinski, M.2    Chelmicka-Schorr, E.3
  • 63
    • 0021233988 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic receptors on splenic lymphocytes from axotomized mice
    • Miles K, Atweh S, Otten G, et al. Beta-adrenergic receptors on splenic lymphocytes from axotomized mice. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1984;6:171-177.
    • (1984) Int J Immunopharmacol. , vol.6 , pp. 171-177
    • Miles, K.1    Atweh, S.2    Otten, G.3
  • 64
    • 0022369697 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic ablation alters lymphocyte membrane properties
    • Miles K, Chelmicka-Schorr E, Atweh S, et al. Sympathetic ablation alters lymphocyte membrane properties. J Immunol. 1985;135:797s-801s.
    • (1985) J Immunol. , vol.135
    • Miles, K.1    Chelmicka-Schorr, E.2    Atweh, S.3
  • 65
    • 10544238466 scopus 로고
    • The physiologic perspective: Immune system
    • Whiteneck G, ed. New York, NY: Demos Publications
    • Nash M, Fletcher M. The physiologic perspective: immune system. In: Whiteneck G, ed. Aging With Spinal Cord Injury. New York, NY: Demos Publications; 1992:159-181.
    • (1992) Aging with Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 159-181
    • Nash, M.1    Fletcher, M.2
  • 67
    • 0027318254 scopus 로고
    • Melatonin and gonadotropin secretion after acute exercise in physically active males
    • Elias AN, Wilson AF, Pandian MR, et al. Melatonin and gonadotropin secretion after acute exercise in physically active males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993;66:357-361.
    • (1993) Eur J Appl Physiol. , vol.66 , pp. 357-361
    • Elias, A.N.1    Wilson, A.F.2    Pandian, M.R.3
  • 68
    • 0027159556 scopus 로고
    • Basal concentrations of anabolic and catabolic hormones in relation to endurance exercise after short-term changes in diet
    • Tsai L, Karpakka J, Aginger C, et al. Basal concentrations of anabolic and catabolic hormones in relation to endurance exercise after short-term changes in diet. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993;66:304-308.
    • (1993) Eur J Appl Physiol. , vol.66 , pp. 304-308
    • Tsai, L.1    Karpakka, J.2    Aginger, C.3
  • 69
    • 0027402313 scopus 로고
    • Exercise and male factor infertility
    • Arce JC, De Souza MJ. Exercise and male factor infertility. Sports Med. 1993;15:146-169.
    • (1993) Sports Med. , vol.15 , pp. 146-169
    • Arce, J.C.1    De Souza, M.J.2
  • 71
    • 0027054666 scopus 로고
    • Training-overtraining: Performance, and hormone levels, after a defined increase in training volume versus intensity in experienced middle- and long-distance runners
    • Lehmann M, Gastmann U, Petersen KG, et al. Training-overtraining: performance, and hormone levels, after a defined increase in training volume versus intensity in experienced middle- and long-distance runners. Br J Sports Med. 1992;26:233-242.
    • (1992) Br J Sports Med. , vol.26 , pp. 233-242
    • Lehmann, M.1    Gastmann, U.2    Petersen, K.G.3
  • 73
    • 0026562787 scopus 로고
    • Stability and variability in hormonal responses to prolonged exercise
    • Viru A, Karelson K, Smirnova T. Stability and variability in hormonal responses to prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1992;13:230-235.
    • (1992) Int J Sports Med. , vol.13 , pp. 230-235
    • Viru, A.1    Karelson, K.2    Smirnova, T.3
  • 75
    • 0027162492 scopus 로고
    • Pituitary-gonadal response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation is enhanced in men after strenuous physical exercise
    • Vasankari TJ, Kujala UM, Taimela S, Huhtaniemi IT. Pituitary-gonadal response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation is enhanced in men after strenuous physical exercise. Acta Endocrinologica. 1993;129:9-14.
    • (1993) Acta Endocrinologica , vol.129 , pp. 9-14
    • Vasankari, T.J.1    Kujala, U.M.2    Taimela, S.3    Huhtaniemi, I.T.4
  • 76
    • 0024365662 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the relationship between defective sperm function and the generation of reactive oxygen species in cases of oligozoospermia
    • Aitken RJ, Clarkson JS, Hargreave TB, et al. Analysis of the relationship between defective sperm function and the generation of reactive oxygen species in cases of oligozoospermia. J Androl. 1989;10:214-220.
    • (1989) J Androl. , vol.10 , pp. 214-220
    • Aitken, R.J.1    Clarkson, J.S.2    Hargreave, T.B.3
  • 77
    • 0028320976 scopus 로고
    • A free radical theory of male infertility
    • Aitken RJ. A free radical theory of male infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1994;6:19-23.
    • (1994) Reprod Fertil Dev. , vol.6 , pp. 19-23
    • Aitken, R.J.1
  • 78
    • 0023105548 scopus 로고
    • Effects of soluble products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages (lymphokines and monokines) on human sperm motion parameters
    • Hill JA, Haimovici F, Politch JA, Anderson DJ. Effects of soluble products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages (lymphokines and monokines) on human sperm motion parameters. Fertil Steril. 1987;47: 460-465.
    • (1987) Fertil Steril. , vol.47 , pp. 460-465
    • Hill, J.A.1    Haimovici, F.2    Politch, J.A.3    Anderson, D.J.4
  • 79
    • 0028500178 scopus 로고
    • Sperm-damaging effects of electric current: Possible role of free radicals
    • Rajasekaran M, Hellstrom WJ, Sparks RL, Sikka SC. Sperm-damaging effects of electric current: possible role of free radicals. Reprod Toxicol. 1994;8:427-432.
    • (1994) Reprod Toxicol. , vol.8 , pp. 427-432
    • Rajasekaran, M.1    Hellstrom, W.J.2    Sparks, R.L.3    Sikka, S.C.4
  • 80
    • 0028316051 scopus 로고
    • The detrimental effects of electric current on normal human sperm
    • Sikka SC, Wang R, Kukuy E, et al. The detrimental effects of electric current on normal human sperm. J Androl. 1994;15:145-150.
    • (1994) J Androl. , vol.15 , pp. 145-150
    • Sikka, S.C.1    Wang, R.2    Kukuy, E.3
  • 81
    • 85035189560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm motility of spinal cord injured men (SCI) men is better when obtained by vibratory stimulation versus electroejaculation
    • In press
    • Brackett NL, Padron OF, Lynne CM. Sperm motility of spinal cord injured men (SCI) men is better when obtained by vibratory stimulation versus electroejaculation. J Urol. In press.
    • J Urol.
    • Brackett, N.L.1    Padron, O.F.2    Lynne, C.M.3
  • 82
    • 0024803269 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the electroejaculation procedure on sperm motility
    • Linsenmeyer T, Wilmot C, Anderson RU. The effects of the electroejaculation procedure on sperm motility. Paraplegia. 1989;27: 465-469.
    • (1989) Paraplegia , vol.27 , pp. 465-469
    • Linsenmeyer, T.1    Wilmot, C.2    Anderson, R.U.3
  • 83
    • 0027956707 scopus 로고
    • Electroejaculation does not impair sperm motility in the beagle dog: A comparative study of electroejaculation and collection by artificial vagina
    • Ohl DA, Denil J, Cummins C, et al. Electroejaculation does not impair sperm motility in the beagle dog: a comparative study of electroejaculation and collection by artificial vagina. J Urol. 1994;152: 1034-1037.
    • (1994) J Urol. , vol.152 , pp. 1034-1037
    • Ohl, D.A.1    Denil, J.2    Cummins, C.3
  • 86
    • 0027422034 scopus 로고
    • Sperm aspiration from vas deferens and in-vitro fertilization in cases of non-treatable anejaculation
    • Hovatta O, von Smitten K. Sperm aspiration from vas deferens and in-vitro fertilization in cases of non-treatable anejaculation. Hum Reprod. 1993;8:1689-1691.
    • (1993) Hum Reprod. , vol.8 , pp. 1689-1691
    • Hovatta, O.1    Von Smitten, K.2
  • 88
    • 0022139091 scopus 로고
    • Sexuality and fertility among spinal cord and/or cauda equina injuries
    • Comarr AE. Sexuality and fertility among spinal cord and/or cauda equina injuries. Journal of the American Paraplegic Society. 1985;8:67-75.
    • (1985) Journal of the American Paraplegic Society , vol.8 , pp. 67-75
    • Comarr, A.E.1
  • 89
    • 0028234356 scopus 로고
    • Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A new effective approach to infertility as a result of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens
    • Tournaye H, Devroey P, Liu J, et al. Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a new effective approach to infertility as a result of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. Fertil Steril. 1994;61:1045-1051.
    • (1994) Fertil Steril. , vol.61 , pp. 1045-1051
    • Tournaye, H.1    Devroey, P.2    Liu, J.3
  • 90
    • 0028931833 scopus 로고
    • High fertilization and pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with spermatozoa obtained from testicle biopsy
    • Silber SJ, Van Steirteghem AC, Liu J, et al. High fertilization and pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with spermatozoa obtained from testicle biopsy. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:148-152.
    • (1995) Hum Reprod. , vol.10 , pp. 148-152
    • Silber, S.J.1    Van Steirteghem, A.C.2    Liu, J.3
  • 91
    • 0026674312 scopus 로고
    • Electroejaculation in combination with in vitro fertilization and gamete micromanipulation for treatment of anejaculatory male infertility
    • Toledo AA, Tucker MJ, Bennett JK, et al. Electroejaculation in combination with in vitro fertilization and gamete micromanipulation for treatment of anejaculatory male infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167:322-325.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol. , vol.167 , pp. 322-325
    • Toledo, A.A.1    Tucker, M.J.2    Bennett, J.K.3
  • 92
    • 0027204672 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and treatment of infertility in spinal cord injured men through rectal probe electroejaculation
    • Buch JP, Zorn BH. Evaluation and treatment of infertility in spinal cord injured men through rectal probe electroejaculation. J Urol. 1993;149:1350-1354.
    • (1993) J Urol. , vol.149 , pp. 1350-1354
    • Buch, J.P.1    Zorn, B.H.2
  • 93
    • 0026081466 scopus 로고
    • Sperm retrieval by electro-ejaculation: Preliminary experience in patients with secondary anejaculation
    • Lucas MG, Hargreave TB, Edmond P, et al. Sperm retrieval by electro-ejaculation: Preliminary experience in patients with secondary anejaculation. Br J Urol. 1991;67:191-194.
    • (1991) Br J Urol. , vol.67 , pp. 191-194
    • Lucas, M.G.1    Hargreave, T.B.2    Edmond, P.3
  • 94
    • 0027400316 scopus 로고
    • Electroejaculation
    • Ohl DA. Electroejaculation. Urol Clin North Am. 1993;20:181-188.
    • (1993) Urol Clin North Am. , vol.20 , pp. 181-188
    • Ohl, D.A.1
  • 95
    • 0021691974 scopus 로고
    • The fertility of men with spinal injuries
    • Brindley GS. The fertility of men with spinal injuries. Paraplegia. 1984;22:337-348.
    • (1984) Paraplegia , vol.22 , pp. 337-348
    • Brindley, G.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.