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0016725406
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Commodity consumption and ischemic heart disease mortality, with special reference to dietary practices
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Armstrong, B.K.1
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and cardiovascular mortality
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Verlangieri, A.J.1
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el-Dean, S.3
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0024603895
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Beyond cholesterol: Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity
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0348230014
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Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant vitamins: Mechanisms of action
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Frei B. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant vitamins: Mechanisms of action. Am J Med 1994, 97 (suppl 3A):5S–12S.
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Frei, B.1
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0027154706
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Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in women
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Womenin the highest quintile of vitamin E intake in the Health Study had a relative risk of 0.66 for major CHD. Most of the observed risk reduction was attributable to women who took vitamin E supplements for 2 years or longer
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Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC: Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in women N Engl J Med 1993, 328: 1444–1449. Womenin the highest quintile of vitamin E intake in the Nurses' Health Study had a relative risk of 0.66 for major CHD. Most of the observed risk reduction was attributable to women who took vitamin E supplements for 2 years or longer.
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N Engl J Med
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Stampfer, M.J.1
Hennekens, C.H.2
Manson, J.E.3
Colditz, G.A.4
Rosner, B.5
Willett, W.C.6
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6
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0029918290
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Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women
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Theintakes of vitamin A, C and E were studied in a large cohort of post-menopausal women. Vitamin E intake from food, but not supplements, was inversely associated with risk of death from CHD (P trend = 0.004). No association was found between intake of vitamin A and C and risk of death from CHD
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Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Mink PJ, Wu Y, Bostick RM: Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women N Engl J Med 1996, 334: 1156–1162. Theintakes of vitamin A, C and E were studied in a large cohort of post-menopausal women. Vitamin E intake from food, but not supplements, was inversely associated with risk of death from CHD (P trend = 0.004). No association was found between intake of vitamin A and C and risk of death from CHD.
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N Engl J Med
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Kushi, L.H.1
Folsom, A.R.2
Prineas, R.J.3
Mink, P.J.4
Wu, Y.5
Bostick, R.M.6
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7
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0028283939
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Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study
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Aninverse association between vitamin E intake and CHD mortality was observed for both men and women in this Finnish cohort. A nonsignificant risk reduction in CHD mortality for women but not men was observed for higher intakes of vitamin A and C
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Knekt P, Reunanen A, Järvinen R, Seppänen R, Heliövaara M, Aromaa A: Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study Am J Epidemiol 1994, 139: 1180–1189. Aninverse association between vitamin E intake and CHD mortality was observed for both men and women in this Finnish cohort. A nonsignificant risk reduction in CHD mortality for women but not men was observed for higher intakes of vitamin A and C.
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Am J Epidemiol
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Knekt, P.1
Reunanen, A.2
Järvinen, R.3
Seppänen, R.4
Heliövaara, M.5
Aromaa, A.6
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8
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0027315339
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Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men
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Menin the highest quintile of intake had a relative risk of 0.64 for CHD in the Health Follow-up Study. Supplement use ≤ 100IU/day appeared especially protective. β-carotene intake was inversely associated with risk of CHD only among current smokers
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Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Willett WC: Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men N Engl J Med 1993, 328: 1450–1456. Menin the highest quintile of intake had a relative risk of 0.64 for CHD in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. Supplement use ≤ 100IU/day appeared especially protective. β-carotene intake was inversely associated with risk of CHD only among current smokers.
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N Engl J Med
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Rimm, E.B.1
Stampfer, M.J.2
Ascherio, A.3
Giovannucci, E.4
Colditz, G.A.5
Willett, W.C.6
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9
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0021883086
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Serum fatty acids, apolipoproteins, selenium and vitamin antioxidants and the risk of death from coronary heart disease
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Salonen JT, Salonen R, Pentilla I, Herranen R, Jauiainen M, Kantola M etal: Serum fatty acids, apolipoproteins, selenium and vitamin antioxidants and the risk of death from coronary heart disease Am J Cardiol 1985, 56: 226–231.
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Salonen, J.T.1
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Pentilla, I.3
Herranen, R.4
Jauiainen, M.5
Kantola, M.6
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10
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0023096480
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Serum selenium, vitamin antioxidants and cardiovascular mortality: A 9-year follow-up study in the Netherlands
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Kok FJ, de Bruijn AM, Vermeeren R, Hofman A, van Laar A, de Bruin M etal: Serum selenium, vitamin antioxidants and cardiovascular mortality: A 9-year follow-up study in the Netherlands Am J Clin Nutr 1987, 45: 462–468.
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Kok, F.J.1
de Bruijn, A.M.2
Vermeeren, R.3
Hofman, A.4
van Laar, A.5
de Bruin, M.6
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11
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0028021957
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Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low levels of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction?
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Thiscase–control study found an increased risk of myocardial infarction among those with lower β-carotene levels, although the excess risk appeared limited to smokers. Higher α-tocopherol levels were associated with decreased risk only among those with high cholesterol levels
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Street DA, Comstock GW, Salkeld RM, Schuep W, Klag MJ. Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low levels of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? Circulation 1994, 90: 1154–1161. Thiscase–control study found an increased risk of myocardial infarction among those with lower β-carotene levels, although the excess risk appeared limited to smokers. Higher α-tocopherol levels were associated with decreased risk only among those with high cholesterol levels.
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Circulation
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Street, D.A.1
Comstock, G.W.2
Salkeld, R.M.3
Schuep, W.4
Klag, M.J.5
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12
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0027197086
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Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants: An epidemiologic update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C
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Gey FK, Moser UK, Jordan P, Stählein HB, Eichholzer M., Lüdin E: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants: An epidemiologic update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C Am J Clin Nutr 1993, 57 (suppl):787S–797S.
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Gey, F.K.1
Moser, U.K.2
Jordan, P.3
Stählein, H.B.4
Eichholzer, M.5
Lüdin, E.6
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13
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0022460458
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The relationship between vitamin C intake, general health practices, and mortality in Alameda County, California
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Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Breslow L: The relationship between vitamin C intake, general health practices, and mortality in Alameda County, California Am J Public Health 1986, 76: 1124–1130.
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Enstrom, J.E.1
Kanim, L.E.2
Breslow, L.3
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14
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0025345565
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Plasma antioxidants and coronary heart disease: Vitamin C, E and selenium
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Riemersma RA, Oliver M, Elton RA, Alfthan G, Vartiainen E, Salo M etal: Plasma antioxidants and coronary heart disease: Vitamin C, E and selenium Eur J Clin Nutr 1990, 44: 143–150.
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Vartiainen, E.5
Salo, M.6
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15
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0029045975
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Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in a cohort of elderly people
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Gale CR, Martyn CN, Winter PD, Cooper C: Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in a cohort of elderly people BMJ 1995, 310: 1563–1566.
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Gale, C.R.1
Martyn, C.N.2
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16
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0029590004
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Dietary vitamin C and β-carotene and risk of death in middle-aged men: The Western Electric Study
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Pandey DK, Shekelle R, Selwyn BJ, Tangney C, Stamler J: Dietary vitamin C and β-carotene and risk of death in middle-aged men: The Western Electric Study Am J Epidemiol 1995, 142: 1269–1278.
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Pandey, D.K.1
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Stamler, J.5
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17
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0029146956
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A prospective study of consumption of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables and decreased cardiovascular mortality in the elderly
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Elderlymen and women who consumed greater amounts of carotene-containing fruits and vegetables had lower risks of death from myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease
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Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Branch LG, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Buring JE: A prospective study of consumption of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables and decreased cardiovascular mortality in the elderly Ann Epidemiol 1995, 5: 255–260. Elderlymen and women who consumed greater amounts of carotene-containing fruits and vegetables had lower risks of death from myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease.
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Gaziano, J.M.1
Manson, J.E.2
Branch, L.G.3
Colditz, G.A.4
Willett, W.C.5
Buring, J.E.6
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18
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0001706149
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A prospective study of vitamin C and incidence of coronary heart disease in women [abstract]
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Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE etal: A prospective study of vitamin C and incidence of coronary heart disease in women [abstract] Circulation 1992, 85: 865.
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Circulation
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Manson, J.E.1
Stampfer, M.J.2
Willett, W.C.3
Colditz, G.A.4
Rosner, B.5
Speizer, F.E.6
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19
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84943209596
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Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease: The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study
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Menin the highest quartile of serum carotenoid concentrations had a relative risk of 0.64 for nonfatal myocardial infarction and death compared with those in the lowest quartile. The inverse association was strongest among those who had never smoked
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Morris DL, Kritchevsky SB, Davis CE: Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease: The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study JAMA 1994, 272: 1439–1441. Menin the highest quartile of serum carotenoid concentrations had a relative risk of 0.64 for nonfatal myocardial infarction and death compared with those in the lowest quartile. The inverse association was strongest among those who had never smoked.
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Morris, D.L.1
Kritchevsky, S.B.2
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A prospective study of antioxidant vitamins and incidence of coronary heart disease in women [abstract]
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Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE: A prospective study of antioxidant vitamins and incidence of coronary heart disease in women [abstract] Circulation 1991, 84 (suppl II):546.
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Circulation
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Manson, J.E.1
Stampfer, M.J.2
Willett, W.C.3
Colditz, G.A.4
Rosner, B.5
Speizer, F.E.6
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21
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Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population
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Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA: Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population Epidemiology 1992, 3: 194–202.
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Epidemiology
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Enstrom, J.E.1
Kanim, L.E.2
Klein, M.A.3
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0027124612
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The primary prevention of myocardial infarction
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Manson JE, Tosteson H, Ridker PM, Satterfield S, Hebert P, O'Connor GT etal: The primary prevention of myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 1992, 326: 1406–1416.
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Manson, J.E.1
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O'Connor, G.T.6
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