The North Atlantic nutrient stream

Journal of Oceanography

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 275-299

  Pelegri J L ^a   Csanady, G T ^b   Martins, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA   (Spain)

^b Dominion   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISOPYCNAL BAND; NUTRIENTS; TRANSPORT; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS;

ATLANTIC, GULF STREAM;

EID: 0029903571     PISSN: 09168370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02235924     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Arnone, R. A., R. W. Nero, J. M. Jech and I. de Palma (1990): Acoustic imaging of biological and physical proccesses within Gulf Stream meanders. Eos Trans Am. Geophys. Union, 71, 982.
2. Ashjian, C. J. (1993): Trends in copepod species abundances across and aloog a Gulf Stream meander: evidence for entrainment and detrainment of fluid parcels from the Gulf Stream. Deep-Sea Res., 40, 461-482.
3. Ashjian, C. J., S. L. Smith, C. N. Flagg, A. J. Mariano, W. J. Behrens and P. V. Z. Lane (1994) The influence of a Gulf Stream meander on the distribution of Zooplankton biomass in the Slope Water, the Gulf Stream and the Sargasso Sea, described using a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler. Deep-Sea Res., 41, 23-50.
4. Atkinson, L. P., T. N. Lee, J. O. Blanton and G. Paffenhöfer (1987): Summer upwelling on the southeastern continental shelf of the U.S.A. during 1981 Hydrographic observations. Prog. Oceanogr., 19, 231-266.
5. Bolin, B., A. Bjorkstrom, K. Holmén and B. Moore (1983): The simultaneous use of tracers for ocean circulation studies Tellus, 35, 206-236.
6. Bower, A. S. (1989): Potential vortictry balances and horizontal divergence along particle trajectories in Gulf Stream meanders east of Cape Hatteras. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1669-1681.
7. Bower, A. S. and T. Rossby (1989): Evidence of cross-frontal exchange processes in the Gulf Stream based on isopycnal RAFOS float data. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1177-1190.
8. Brewer, P. G. and D. Dyrssen (1987): Ocean chemical fluxes across 25°N in the Atlantic Ocean. Discussion paper International GOFS Meeting, Paris, February 17-20. 25 pp.
9. Brown, O. B., R. H. Evans, J. W. Brown, R. H. Gordon, R. C. Smith and K. S. Baker (1984): Blooming off the U.S. East Coast: A satellite description, p. 67-84. In Global Ocean Flux Study, National Academy Press, Washington.
10. Brown, O., R. Evans, R. Watts, C. Casagrande, P. Hamilton, W. Boicourt and G. Csanady (1987): Study of Physical Processes on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise. Minerals Management Service Report No. 87-0024, 506 pp.
11. Csanady, G. T. (1989): Energy dissipation and upwelling in a western boundary current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 462-473.
12. Csanady, G. T. (1990): Physical basis of coastal productivity. The SEEP and MASAR experiments. Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 71, 1060-1065.
13. Csanady, G. T. and P. Hamilton (1988): Circulation of slopewater. Cont. Shelf Res., 8, 565-624.
14. Durzi, M., J. Chen, J. K. Firestone and C. R. McClain (1989) SEAPAK A satellite image analysis system for oceanographic research. Preprint Volume, 5th International Conference on Interactive and Information Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 26-32.
15. Esaias, W. E., G. C. Feldman, C. R. McClain and J. A. Elrod (1986): Monthly satellite-derived phytoplankton pigment distribution for the North Atlantic basin. Eos Trans Am Geophys. Union, 67, 835-837.
16. Firestone, J. K., G. Fu, J. Chen, M. Darzi and C. R. McClain (1989): PC-SEAPAK: A state-of-the-art image display and analysis system for NASA's oceanographic research program. Preprint Volume, 5th International Conference on Interactive and Information Processing Systems for Meteorology. Oceanography and Hydrology, American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, pp 33-40.
17. Flierl, G. R. and C. S. Davis (1993): Biological effects of Gulf Stream meandering J. Mar. Res., 51, 529-560.
18. Gargett, A. E. (1991): Physical processes and the maintenance of nutrient-rich euphotic zones. Limnol Oceanogr., 36, 1527-1545.
19. Garside, C. and J. C. Garside (1993): The "f-ratio" on 20°W during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. DeepSea Res., 40, 75-90.
20. Hitchcock, G. L., A. J. Mariano and T. Rossby (1993): Mesoscale pigment fields in the Gulf Stream: Observations in a meander crest and trough. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8425-8445.
21. Ishizaka, J., H. Fukushima, M. Kishino, T. Kishino, T. Saino and M. Takahashi (1992): Phytoplankton pigment distributions in regional upwelling around the Izu Peninsula detected by Coastal Zone Color Scanner on May 1982. J. Oceanogr., 48, 305-327.
22. 3 He in the Sargasso Sea. J. Mar Res., 38, 533-569.
23. 3 He in the Beta Triangle: observations of gyre ventilation and oxygen utilization rates. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 763-783.
24. Kawase, M. and J. L. Sarmiento (1985): Nutrients in the Atlantic thermocline. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8961-8979.
25. Kirwan, A. D. (1963): Circulation of Antarctic Intermediate Water Deduced through Isentropic Analysis. Reference 63-34F, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 34 pp.
26. Leetma, A. and A. F. Bunker (1978): Updated charts of the mean annual wind stress, convergences in the Ekman layers, and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic. J. Mar. Res., 36, 311-322.
27. Levitus, S. (1982): Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean. NOAA Professional Paper 13, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
28. Lohrenz, S. E., J. J. Cullen, D. A. Phinney, D. B. Olson and C. S. Yentsch (1993): Distributions of pigments and primary production in a Gulf Stream meander. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14545-14560.
29. Luyten, J. and H. Stommel (1986): Gyres driven by combined wind and buoyancy flux. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1551-1560.
30. Luyten, J., J. Pedlosky and H. Stommel (1983): The ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 292-309.
31. Marra, J. and C. Ho (1993): Initiation of the spring bloom in the northeast Atlantic (47°N, 20°W): a numerical simulation. Deep-Sea Res., 40, 55-73.
32. Martin, J. H., G. A. Knauser, D. M. Karl and W. W. Broenkow (1987): VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northwest Pacific. Deep-Sea Res., 34, 267-285.
33. Martins, A. M., E. E. Hofmann and C. R. McClain (1995): CZCS-derived pigment data for the southeastern U.S. continental shelf from 1978 to 1986 (October to May). Part 111: Atmospheric correction, pigment time series, and comparison with in situ data. Old Dominion University Research Foundation Report No. 95-06, 299 pp.
34. Montgomery, R. B. (1937): A suggested method for representing gradient flow in isentropic surfaces. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 18, 210-212.
35. Montgomery, R. B. (1938): Circulation in upper layers of Southern North Atlantic deduced with use of isentropic analysis. Papers Phys. Oceanogr. Meteorol., 6, 1-55.
36. Munk, W. H. (1950): On the wind-driven ocean circulation. J. Meteorol., 7, 79-93.
37. Newton, C. W. (1978): Fronts and wave disturbances in Gulf Stream and atmospheric jet stream. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4697-4706.
38. Nurser, A. J. G. and J. C. Marshall (1991): On the relationship between subduction rates and diabatic forcing of the mixed layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1793-1802.
39. Pelegri, J. L. and G. T. Csanady (1991): Nutrient transport and mixing in the Gulf Stream. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 2577-2583.
40. Pelegri, J. L. and G. T. Csanady (1994): Diapycnal mixing in western boundary currents., J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18275-18304.
41. Redfield, A. C. (1936): An ecological aspect of the Gulf Stream. Nature, 138, 1013.
42. Reid, J. L. (1965): Intermediate Waters of the Pacific Ocean. Vol. 2. The Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 85 pp.
43. Reid, J. L. (1981) On the mid-depth circulation of the world ocean, p. 70-111. In Evolution of Physical Oceanography, ed. by B. A. Warren, MIT Press. Cambridge.
44. Reid, J. L. (1994): On the total geostrophic circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean: Flow patterns, tracers, and transports. Prog. Oceanogr., 33. 1-92.
45. Rhines, P. B. and W. Y. Young (1982): A theory of wind-driven circulation. I. Mid-ocean gyres. J. Mar. Res., 40, 559-596.
46. Richards, A. F. and A. C. Redfield (1955): Oxygen-density relationships in the western North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 2, 182-199.
47. Richardson, P. L. (1983): Eddy kinetic energy in the North Atlantic from surface drifters. J. Geophys Res., 88, 4355-4367.
48. Riley, G. A. (1951): Oxygen, phosphate and nitrate in the Atlantic Ocean. Bull Bingham Oceanogr. Collection, 13, 1-125.
49. Rintoul, S. R. and C. Wunsch (1991): Mass. heat, oxygen and nutrient fluxes and budgets in the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 38, Suppl 1, S619-S644.
50. Roemmich, D. and C. Wunsch (1985): Two transatlantic sections: meridional circulation and heat flux in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 32, 619-644.
51. Rossby, C. G. (1936): Dynamics of steady ocean currents in the light of cxperimental fluid mechanics. Papers Phys. Oceanogr Meteorol., 5, 1-43.
52. Sarmiento, J. L. (1983): A tritium box model of the North Atlantic thermoclinc. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1269-1274.
53. Sarmiento, J. L., C. G. Rooth and W. Roether (1982): The North Atlantic tritium distribution in 1972. J. Geophys Res., 87, 8047-8056.
54. Sarmiento, J. L., G. Thiele, R. M. Key and W. S. Moore (1990): Oxygen and nitrate new production and remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18303-18315
55. Schlitzer, R. (1988): Modeling the natrient and carbon cycles of the North Atlantic. I. Circulation, mixing coefficients and heat fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10699-10723.
56. 2 gas exchange, and the role of organic nutrients. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12781-12794.
57. Smith, L. T., D. B. Boudra and R. Bleck (1990): A wind-driven isopycnic coordinate model of the North and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. 2. The Atlantic Basin experiments. J. Geophys Res., 95, 13105-13128.
58. Stefánssan, U. and L. P. Atkinoson (1971): Nutrient-density relationships in the western North Atlantic between Cape Lookout and Bermuda. Limnol. Oceanogr., 16, 51-59.
59. Stommel, H. (1979): Determination of water mass properties of water pumped down from the Ekman layer to the geostrophic flow below. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76, 3051-3055.
60. Talley, L. D. and M. S. McCartney (1982): Distribution and circulation of Labrador Sea Water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1189-1205.
61. Thiele, G. and J. L. Sarmiento (1990): Tracer dating and ocean ventilation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9377-9391.
62. Tsuchiya, M. (1968): Upper Waters of the Intertropical Pacific Ocean, Vol. 4, The Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 50 pp.
63. Veronis, G. (1988): Circulation driven by winds and surface cooling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1920-1932.
64. Worthington, L. V. (1976): On the North Atlantic Ciirculation, Vol. 6. The Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 110 pp.
65. Yentsch, C. S. (1974): The influence of geostrophy on primary production. Thetys, 6, 111-118.
66. Yoder, J.A., L.A. Atkinson, S. S. Bishop, E. E. Hofmann and T. N. Lee (1983): Effect of upwelling on phhtoplankton productivity of the outer sontheastern United States continental shelf. Cont. Shelf Res., 1, 385-404.