Conditioning with facial expressions of emotion: Effects of CS sex and age

Psychophysiology

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 416-425

  Mazurski, Evalynn J ^a   Bond, Nigel W ^a,d   Siddle, David A T ^b   Lovibond, Peter F ^c  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^d FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Age; Conditioning; Facial expressions; Gender; Preparedness

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ANGER; ARTICLE; CONDITIONING; EMOTION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HAPPINESS; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX; SEX DIFFERENCE;

EID: 0029901699     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb01067.x     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Bond, A. B. (1989). Towards a resolution of the paradox of aggressive displays: II. Behavioral efference and the communication of intentions. Ethology, 81, 235-249.
2. Booth, M. L., Siddle, D. A. T., & Bond, N. W. (1989). Effects of conditioned stimulus fear-relevance and preexposure on expectancy and electrodermal measures of human Pavlovian conditioning. Psychophysiology, 26, 281-291.
3. Davey, G. C. L. (1992). An expectancy model of laboratory preparedness effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 24-40.
4. Dawson, M. E., & Furedy, J. J. (1976). The role of awareness in human differential autonomic conditioning: The necessary-gate hypothesis. Psychophysiology, 13, 50-53.
5. Dimberg, U. (1986). Facial expressions as excitatory and inhibitory stimuli for conditioned autonomic responses. Biological Psychology, 22, 37-57.
6. Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1983). The effects of directional facial cues on electrodermal conditioning to facial stimuli. Psychophysiology, 20, 160-167.
7. Ekman, P. (1972). Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In J. K. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 19, pp. 207-283). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
8. Greenhouse, S. W., & Geisser, S. (1959). On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika, 24, 95-112.
9. Hall, J. (1978). Gender effects in decoding nonverbal cues. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 845-857.
10. Lanzetta, J. T. & Orr, S. P. (1980). Influence of facial expressions on the classical conditioning of fear. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1081-1087.
11. Lovibond, P. F., Siddle, D. A. T., & Bond, N. W. (1993). Resistance to extinction of fear-relevant stimuli: Preparedness or selective sensitization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 449-461.
12. Lykken, D. T., & Venables, P. H. (1971). Direct measurement of skin conductance: A proposal for standardization. Psychophysiology, 8, 656-672.
13. Marks, I. M. (1987). Fears, phobias, and rituals. Panic, anxiety, and their disorders. New York: Oxford University Press.
14. Mazurski, E. J., & Bond, N. W. (1993). A new series of slides depicting facial expressions of affect: A comparison with the Pictures of Facial Affect series. Australian Journal of Psychology, 45, 1-7.
15. Merckelbach, H. L. G. J. (1989). Preparedness and classical conditioning of fear: A critical inquiry. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Limburg at Maastricht.
16. Öhman, A., & Dimberg, U. (1978). Facial expressions as conditioned stimuli for electrodermal responses: a case of preparedness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1251-1258.
17. Öhman, A., Dimberg, U., & ost, L.-G. (1985). Animal and social phobias: Biological constraints on learned fear responses. In S. Reiss & R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavior therapy (pp. 123-178). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
18. Orr, S. P., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1980). Facial expressions of emotion as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 278-282.
19. Packer, J. S., Clark, B. M., Bond, N. W., & Siddle, D. A. T. (1991). Conditioning with facial expressions of emotion: A comparison of aversive and nonaversive unconditioned stimuli. Journal of Psychophysiology, 5, 79-88.
20. Rosenthal, R., Hall, J. A., Di Matteo, M. R., Rogers, P. L., & Archer, D. (1979). Sensitivity to non-verbal communication: The PONS test. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
21. Schell, A. M., Dawson, M. E., & Marinkovic, K. (1991). Effects of potentially phobic stimuli on retention, reconditioning, and extinction of the conditioned skin conductance response. Psychophysiology, 28, 140-153.
22. Seligman, M. E. P. (1970). On the generality of the laws of learning. Psychological Review, 77, 406-418.
23. Tomarken, A. J., Mineka, S., & Cook, M. (1989). Fear-relevant selective associations and covariation bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 381-394.
24. Tursky, B., Watson, P.D., & O'Connell, D. N. (1965). A concentric shock electrode for pain stimulation. Psychophysiology, 1, 296-298.