Does allowing the sale of wine in Quebec grocery stores increase consumption?

Journal of Studies on Alcohol

Volumn 57, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 434-448

  Adrian, Manuella ^a   Ferguson, Brian S ^a,b   Her, Minghao ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BEER; BEVERAGE; CANADA; CONSUMER; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FEMALE; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; MALE; MARKETING; PROSPECTIVE PRICING; PURCHASING; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; WINE;

EID: 0029901340     PISSN: 0096882X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15288/jsa.1996.57.434     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. ADRIAN, M. (comp.) Statistical Supplement to the Annual Report of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation 1977-78, 1978-79 and 1979-80, Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, [1979], 1980 and 1981.
2. ADRIAN, M. (comp.) Statistics on Alcohol and Drug Use in Canada and Other Countries - Data Available by August 1982, Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, 1983.
3. ADRIAN, M. (comp.) Statistics on Alcohol and Drug Use in Canada and Other Countries: Volume I. Statistics on Alcohol Use-Data Available by September 1984, Toronto: Alcohol ism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, 1985.
4. ADRIAN, M. AND FERGUSON, B. S. The influence of income on the consumption of alcohol in Ontario: A cross-section study. In: CARMI, A. AND SCHNEIDER, S. (Eds.) Drugs and Alcohol Medico-Legal Library, New York: Springer-Verlag, 6: 151-157, 1986.
5. ADRIAN, M. AND FERGUSON, B. S. Demand for domestic and imported alcohol in Canada. Appl. Econ. 19: 531-540, 1987.
6. ADRIAN, M., FERGUSON, B. S. AND HER, M. Does Liberalizing Access to Alcohol Result in Increases in Alcohol Consumption? - The Case of Wine in Quebec, Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, Internal Document No. 117, 1994
7. ADRIAN, M. AND JULL, P. M. The effect of low alcohol beverages on alcoholism levels in Canada in 1986, In: NARANJO, C. A. AND SELLERS, E. M., (Eds.) Novel Pharmacological Interventions for Alcoholism, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp. 251-253.
8. ADRIAN, M., JULL, P. AND WILLIAMS, R. Statistics on Alcohol and Drug Use in Canada and Other Countries: Volume I. Statistics on Alcohol Use - Data Available by 1988, Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, 1989.
9. ADRIAN, M., LUNDY, C., ELIANY, M., ANDREWS, F., BLACKWELL, J., BLAIS, D., CARVER, V., CHAIKELSON, J., CHEVALIER, S., CLARKE, J., DINI, C., FARINON, L., FERRENCE, R., GRAHAM, K., GREAVES, L., HARVEV, K., JANACEK, E., LEIGH, G., LIGHTFOOT, L., MACGREGOR, L. J., MILLS, S., MORISETTE, P., NADEAU, L., PAQUIN, A., PEDERSON, L., ROSS, H., SCOTT, K., TABISZ, E., THOMPSON, J., THURSTON, W. AND WEBSTER, I. Women's Use of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs in Canada: The Need for a Women-Centered Approach to Deal with the Issues. Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm, Florence, Italy, March 26-30, 1995
10. AMUNDSEN, A. Hva skjer Når et Vinutsalg åpnes? (What happens when a wine outlet is opened?) Norsk Tidskrift om Alkohol sprsmålet 19(2): 65-82, 1967 (cited in Osterberg, 1992).
11. ANONYMOUS. Le Québec statistique, 2d Edition, 1989.
12. BANERJEE, A., DOLADO, J. J., GALBRAITH, J. W. AND HENDRY, D. F. Co-Integration, Error-Correction, and the Econometric Analysis of Non-Stationary Data, Oxford: Oxford Univer. Press, 1993.
13. BARNES, J. G. AND BOURGEOIS, J. C. Factors which Influence Per Capita-Consumption of Beverage Alcohol, Report submitted to the Department of Health and Welfare, 1977 (cited in Macdonald and Whitehead, 1983).
14. BROOK, R. C. (CHAIR), ALBERT, W. G., GIESBRECHT, N. A., MACDONALD, S. A. AND SIMPSON, R. I. Response to a Policy Proposal: An Investigation into the Relationships Among Rate of Off-Premise Outlets, Consumption of Alcohol and Health Damage, Report of the study group on the implications of the proposal to introduce beer and wine to Ontario grocery stores, Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1981.
15. BRYANT, C. W. Effects of sale of liquor by the drink in the state of Washington. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 15: 320-324, 1954.
16. DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR. The Labour Gazette 1953 to 1977, Monthly, Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1954 to 1978.
17. DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR. Strikes and Lockouts 1978 to 1985, Annual, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1979 to 1985.
18. DEWAR, R. AND SOMMER, R. Alcohol consumption in Prairieville. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 25: 300-313, 1964.
19. DIQUÉLOU, P. Special Tabulations, Montreal: Société des Alcools, June 17, 1993.
20. DISTILLED SPIRITS COUNCIL. Annual Statistical Review, Washington: Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, 1980.
21. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS. The Control and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages in Canada 1953 to 1969, Annual, Ottawa: The Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Catalogue 63-202, 1954 to 1961, 1962 to 1971.
22. DOORNIK, J. A. AND HENDRY, D. F. PCGive Version 8.0: An Interactive Econometric Modelling System, London: Int. Thompson Publishing, 1994.
23. DOUGLASS, R. L., WAGENAAR, A. C. AND BARKEY, P. M. Alcohol Availability, Consumption and the Incidence of Alcohol-Related Social and Health Problems in Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute, 1979.
24. ENTINE, A. D. New York State Moreland Commission on Alcoholic Beverage Law. The Relationship Between the Number of Sales Outlets and the Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages in New York and Other States, Study Paper Number 2. New York: October 21, 1963 (cited in: Brook et al., 1981).
25. GREENE, W. H. Econometric Analysis, 2d Edition, Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan, 1993.
26. HAMMOND, R. L. Do increased alcohol outlets influence alcoholism rates? Rep. Alcohol 33(3): 12-19, 1975.
27. HOLDER, H. D. The State Monopoly as a Public Policy Approach to Consumption and Alcohol Problems: A Review of Research Evidence. Paper presented at the Conference Symposium on Alcohol Monopolies and Social/Health Issues, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 27-30, 1992.
28. HOLDER, H. D. Results from the Elimination of Public Wine Monopolies: Summary of the Scientific Evidence, Paper presented at the Kettil Bruun Society Meeting, Ruschlikon, Switzerland, June 6-10, 1994.
29. JOHNSON, J. A., OKSANEN, E. H., VEALL, M. R. AND FRETZ, D. Short-run and long-run elasticities for Canadian consumption of alcoholic beverages: An error-correction mechanism/cointegration approach. Rev. Econ. Stat. 74: 64-74, 1992.
30. KIM, Y. C. AND REID, J. Statistics of Alcohol Use and Alcoholism in Canada 1949-1971. Regina (Saskatchewan, Canada): The Research Division, The Alcoholism Commission of Saskatchewan, 1973.
31. KMENTA, J. Elements of Econometrics, 2d Edition, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1986.
32. KUUSI, P. Alcohol Sales Experiment in Rural Finland. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Vol. 3, 1957 (cited in Osterberg, 1992).
33. LAMARCHE, P. The Impact of "Bill 21" Authorizing the Sale of Wines in the Grocery Stores in the Province of Quebec, Montreal: Health and Welfare Canada (undated).
34. MACDONALD, S. The impact of increased availability of wine in grocery stores on consumption: Four case histories. Brit. J. Addict. 81: 381-387, 1986.
35. MACDONALD, S. AND WHITEHEAD, P. C. Availability of outlets and consumption of alcoholic beverages. J. Drug Issues 13: 477-486, 1983.
36. MCGUINNESS, T. An Econometric Analysis of Total Demand for Alcoholic Beverages in the U.K. 1956-75, Scotland: Scottish Health Education Unit, May 1979 (cited in: Macdonald and Whitehead, 1983).
37. MAISONNEUVE, D. (Société des Alcools du Québec). Alcohol Consumption in Québec [sic] and Behaviour-Oriented Communications. A Presentation to the Swedish Brewers' Association, Stockholm, Sweden, October 29, 1992.
38. MAKELA, K. Types of Alcohol Restrictions, Types of Drinkers and Types of Alcohol Damages: The Case of the Personnel Strike in the Stores of the Finnish Alcohol Monopoly, Reports from the Social Research Institute of Alcohol Studies 77. Mimeographed, 1974 (cited in: Brook et al., 1981).
39. MAKELA, K. Consumption level and cultural drinking patterns as determinants of alcohol problems. J. Drug Issues 5: 344-357, 1975.
40. MAKELA, K. Level of consumption and social consequences of drinking. In: ISRAEL, Y., GLASER, F. B., KALANT, H., POPHAM, R. E., SCHMIDT, W. AND SMART, R. G., (Eds.) Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, Vol. 4, New York: Plenum Press, 1978, pp. 303-348.
41. MARIER, C. J. Personal communication. Vice-president, Affaires Publiques et Services Administratifs (Vice President, Public Affairs and Administrative Services), Montreal: Société des Alcools, June 27, 1994.
42. MATLINS, S. M. A Study of the Actual Effects of Alcoholic Beverage Control Laws, Vol. III: Appendices, (PB-262 642) Medicine in the Public Interest, Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, November 1975.
43. MULFORD, H. A. AND FITZGERALD, J. L. Consequences of increasing off-premise wine outlets in Iowa. Brit. J. Addict. 83: 1271-1279, 1988.
44. MULFORD, H. A., LEDOLTER, J. AND FITZGERALD, J. L. Alcohol availability and consumption: Iowa sales data revisited. J. Stud. Alcohol 53: 487-494, 1992.
45. MULFORD, H. A., LEDOLTER, J. AND FITZGERALD, J. L. Scientific discovery or reality construction? A response to Wagenaar and Holder (Correspondence). J. Stud. Alcohol 54: 252-253, 1993.
46. OSTERBERG, E. Effects of alcohol control measures on alcohol consumption. Int. J. Addict. 27: 209-225, 1992.
47. POPHAM, R. E., SCHMIDT, W. AND DELINT, J. Government control measures to prevent hazardous drinking. In: EWING, J. A. AND ROUSE, B. A (Eds.) Drinking - Alcohol in American Society - Issues and Current Research, Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1978, pp. 239-266.
48. QUEBEC LIQUOR COMMISSION/COMISSON DES LIQUERS DU QUEBEC. Annual report/Rapport annuel 1950-51 to 1963-1964, Annual, Montreal: 1951 to 1964.
49. RÉGIE DES PERMIS D'ALCOOL DU QUÉBEC. Rapport annuel 1986-1987, Quebec: Les publications du Québec, 1987.
50. RÉGIE DES PERMIS D'ALCOOL DU QUÉBEC. Rapport annuel 1991-1992, Quebec: Les publications du Québec, 1992.
51. SHAZAM User's Reference Manual Version 7.0, Toronto: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1993.
52. SIMON, J. L. The economic effects of state monopoly of packaged-liquor retailing. J. Polit. Econ. 2: 188-194, 1966.
53. SINGLE, E., WILLIAMS, B. (R. T.) AND MCKENZIE, D. Canadian Profile: Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drugs, 1994, Ottawa and Toronto (Ontario, Canada): The Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse and the Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, respectively, 1994
54. SMART, R. G The impact on consumption of selling wine in grocery stores. Alcohol Alcsm 21: 233-236, 1986.
55. STATISTICS CANADA, 91 Census, A National Overview: Population and Dwelling Counts, Ottawa: Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, catalogue 93-301, 1992a.
56. STATISTICS CANADA, Canadian Economic Observer, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, Canada, catalogue 11-010, monthly, 1989, 1992b.
57. STATISTICS CANADA. Canadian Economic Observer: Historical Statistical Supplement 1990/91 and 1992/93, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, catalogue 11-210, annual, 1991, 1993.
58. STATISTICS CANADA. Estimates of Population by Sex and Age for Canada, and the Provinces, June 1, 1977, 1978, and 1979, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, catalogue 91-202, Annual, 1978, 1979a, and 1980.
59. STATISTICS CANADA. Final Intercensal Estimates of the Population by Sex and Age, Canada and Provinces, June 1st, 1977 to 1981, Ottawa: Demography Division, Statistics Canada, undated (in. Adrian, 1985).
60. STATISTICS CANADA. Intercensal Annual Estimates of Population by Sex and Age for Canada and the Provinces: 1976-1981. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, catalogue 91-519, occasional, 1983.
61. STATISTICS CANADA. Intercensal Annual Estimates of Population by Sex and Age for Canada, Provinces and Territories: 1981-1986, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, catalogue 91-518, 1988a.
62. STATISTICS CANADA. Population 1921-1971: Revised Annual Estimates of Population, by Sex and Age Group, Canada and the Provinces, Ottawa: Information Canada, catalogue 91-512, occasional, 1973a.
63. STATISTICS CANADA. Population of Canada and the Provinces by Sex and Age Group, Estimated as of June 1, 1972, 1973. and 1974. Ottawa: Information Canada, catalogue 91-202, 1973b, 1974, and 1975.
64. STATISTICS CANADA. Population of Canada and the Provinces by Sex and Age Group, Estimated as of June 1, 1975, Ottawa: Minister of Industry, Trade and Commerce Canada, catalogue 91-202, 1976.
65. STATISTICS CANADA. Postcensal Annual Estimates of Population by Marital Status, Age, Sex and Component of Growth for Canada, Provinces and Territories, June 1, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990. Volumes 5, 6, 7 and 8, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, catalogue 91-210, annual, 1988b, 1988c, 1990a, and 1990b.
66. STATISTICS CANADA. Revised Annual Estimates of Population, by Marital Status, Age and Sex for Canada and the Provinces: 1971-1976, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, catalogue 91-519, occasional, 1979b.
67. STATISTICS CANADA. The Control and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages in Canada, 1970 to 1990, Ottawa: Information Canada, catalogue 63-202, annual, 1972 to 1992c.
68. STEPHENS, T. AND FOWLER, G. D. Canada's Health Promotion Survey 1990: Technical Report, Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada and Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, 1993 (cited in Single et al., 1994).
69. SULKUNEN, P. Drinking patterns and the level of alcohol consumption: An international overview. In: GIBBONS, R. J., ISRAEL, Y., KALANT, H., POPHAM, R. E., SCHMIDT, W. AND SMART, R. G. (Eds.) Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems. Toronto: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1976, pp. 223-281.
70. TREMBLAY, G. [Quebec Minister of Industry, Commerce, and Science and Technologie] Société des Alcools du Québec. Rapport Annuel, 1993-1994, Montreal, Quebec: Société des Alcools du Québec, 1994.
71. WAGENAAR, A. C. AND HOLDER, H. D. A change from public to private sale of wine: Results from natural experiments in Iowa and West Virginia. J. Stud. Alcohol 52: 162-173, 1991.
72. WAGENAAR, A. C. AND HOLDER, H. D. Correspondence. J. Stud. Alcohol 54: 251-252, 1993.
73. WAGENAAR, A. C. AND LANGLEY, J. D. Alcohol licensing system changes and alcohol consumption: Introduction of wine into New Zealand grocery stores. Addiction 90: 773-783, 1995.
74. WHITE, K. J. SHAZAM. A general computer program for econometric methods (Version 6.0) Amer. Stat. 41: 80, 1987.
75. WILLIAMS, B., CHANG, K. AND TRUONG, M. V. (Comp). Canadian Profile 1992: Alcohol and Other Drugs, Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.