The biological significance and physiological role of heme oxygenase

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 129-168

  Abraham, N G ^a   Drummond, G S ^a   Lutton, J D ^a   Kappas, A ^a  

^a ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEME OXYGENASE;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029901065     PISSN: 10158987     EISSN: 14219778     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000154819     Document Type: Article

References (244)

1. Abraham NG, Lin JH-C, Schwartz-man ML, Lcvere RD. Shibahara S: The physiological significance of heme oxygenase. Int J Biochcm 1988:20:543-558.
2. Granick S, Sassa S: 5-Aminolevu-linic acid synthetase and the control of heme and chlorophyll synthesis: in Vogel IIJ (cd): Metabolic Regulation. New York. Academic Press. 1971. p 77.
3. Tcnhunen R, Marvcr HS, Schmid R: The enzymatic conversion of heme to bilirubin by microsomal heme oxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1968:61:748-755.
4. Schactcr BA: Heme catabolism by heme oxygenase: Physiology, regulation and mechanism of action. Semin Hcmalol 1988:25:349-369.
5. Maines MD. Abraham NG. Kappas A: Solubilization and partial purification of heme oxygenase front rat liver. J Biol Client 1977:252:5900-5903.
6. Yoshtda T, Kikuchi G: Purification and properties of heme oxygenase front pig spleen microsomcs. J Biol Client 1978;253:4224-4229.
7. Yoshinaga T, Sassa S, Kappas A: Purification and properties of bovine spleen heme oxygenase. Amino acid composition and sites of action of inhibitors of lientc oxidation. J Biol Chem 1982:257:7778-7785.
8. Maines MD, Trakshcl GM, Kutty RK: Characterization of two constitutive forms of rat liver microsomal heme oxygenase. J BiolC'hem 1986: 261:411-419.
9. Cruse I, Maines MD: Evidence suggesting that the two forms of heme oxygenase are products of different genes. .J Biol Cheni 1988:263:411 -419.
10. Trakshcl GM, Maines MD: Multiplicity of heme oxygenase isozymes HO-1 and 110-2 are different molecular species in rat and rabbit. J Biol Chem 1989:264:1323-1328.
11. Muller RM, Taguchi H, Shibahara S: Nucleotide sequence and organization of the rat heme oxygenase gene. J Biol Chem 1987:262:6795-6802.
12. McCoubrev WK Jr, Ewing JF, Maines MD: Human heme oxy-gcnasc-2: Characterization and expression of a full-length cDNA and evidence suggesting that the two HO-2 transcripts may differ by choice of a polyadenylation signal. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992:295: 13-20.
13. McCoubrev K, Maines MD: The structure, organization and differential expression of the gene encoding rat heme oxygenase-2. Gene 1994:139:155-161.
14. Shibahara S, Yoshizawa M, Suzuki H, Takcda K, Meguro K, Endo K: Functional analysis of cDNAs for two types of human heme oxygenase and evidence for their separate regulation. J Biochem 1993:113:214-218.
15. Kutty RK, Nagincni CN, Kutty G, Hooks JJ, Chader GJ, Wiggert B: Increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by transforming growth faclor-p. J Cell Physiol 1994: 159:371-378.
16. Stout DL. Becker FF: Heme enzyme patterns in genetically and chemically induced mouse liver tumors. Cancer Res 1986;46:2756-2759.
17. Matsuura Y, Watanabe H, Fukuda T, Yoshida T, Kiroiwa Y: A sustained increase of microsomal heme oxygenase activity following treatment of rats w ith Bacillus Calmette-Gucrin and Corynebacterium par-nnn: Its possible relation to the decrease of cytochrome P450 content. J Pharmacol 1985:8:669-678.
18. Lutton JD, Lcvcre RD, Abraham NG: Physiologic role of heme and cytochrome P450 in hematopoietic cells. Proc Six' Exp Biol Mec 1991; 196:260-269.
19. Yoshida T, Biro P. Cohen T, Muller RM, Shibahara S: Human heme oxygenase cDNA and induction of its mRNA by hemin. Eur J Biochem 1991,171:457-461.
20. Alam J, Zhining D: Distal AP-I binding sites mediate basal level enhancement and TPA induction of the mouse hentc oxygenase-1 gene. J Biol Chem 1992:267:21894-21900.
21. Shibahara S, Muller RM, Taguchi H: Transcriptional control of rat heme oxygenase by heat shock. J Biol Chem 1987:262:12889-12892.
22. Kitani K, Fujita H, Sassa S, Kappas A: Heat shock induction of heme oxygenase mRNA in human Hep3B hepatoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993:165:437-441.
23. Kcyse SM, Tyrrell RM: Heme oxygenase is the major 32-kDa stress protein induced in human skin fibroblasts by UVA radiation, hydrogen peroxide and sodium arsenite. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989:85: 99-103.
24. Nascimento AL, Luscher P, Tyrrell RM: Ultraviolet A (320-380 nm) radiation causes an alteration in the binding of a specific protein/protein complex to a short region of the promoter of the human HO-1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1993:21:1103-1109.
25. Stocker R, Yamamoto Y, McDon-agh AF, Glazer AN, Ames BN: Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological significance. Science 1987:235:1043-1046.
26. Nath KA, Balia G, Vereellotti GM, Balia J, Jacob HS, Levitt MD, Rosenberg ME: Induction of heme oxygenase is a rapid, protective response in rhabdomyolysis in the rat. J Clin Invest 1992:90:267-270.
27. Palier MS, Jacob IIS: Cytochrome P450 mediates tissue-damaging hydroxyl radical formation during reoxygenation of the kidney. Proc Natl’Acad Sci USA 1993:91:7002-7006.
28. Vile GF, Tyrrell RM: Oxidative stress resulting from ultraviolet A irradiation of human skin fibroblasts leads to a heme oxygenase-dependent increase in ferritin. J Biol Chem 1993:268:14678-14681.
29. − Natl Acad Sci USA 1995:92:1177-1181.
30. Abraham AG, Lin JH-C, Dunn MW, Schwartzman ML: Presence of heme oxygenase and NADPH cytochrome P450 (c) reductase in human corneal epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987:28:1464-1472.
31. Applegate LA, Noel A, Vile G, Frenk E, Tyrrell RM: Two genes contribute to different extents to the heme oxygenase enzyme activity measured in cultured human skin fibroblasts and kératinocytes: Implications for protection against oxidant stress. Photochem Photobiol 1995:61:285-291.
32. Kappas A, Drummond GS: Control of heme metabolism with synthetic mctalloporphvrins. J Clin Invest 1986:77:335-339.
33. Tomaro ML, Frydman RB, Fryd-man B, Pandcy RK, Smith KM: The oxidation of hemins by microsomal heme oxygenase. Structural requirements for the retention of substrate activity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984:791:342-349.
34. Yoshida T, Ishikawa K, Sato M: Degradation of heme by a soluble peptide of heme oxygenase obtained from rat liver microsomes by mild trvpsinization. Eur.I Biochem 1991: 199:729-733.
35. Takahashi S, Wang J, Rousseau DL, Ishikawa K, Yoshida T, Host JR, Ikeda-Saito M: Heme-heme oxygenase complex: Structure of the catalytic site and its implication for oxygen activation. .J Biol Chem 1994:269:1010-1014.
36. Sun J, Wilks A, Ortiz de Montellano PR, Loehr TM: Resonance Raman and EPR spectroscopic studies on heme-heme oxygenase complexes. Biochem J 1993:32:14151-14157.
37. McCoubrey WK Jr, Maines MD: Domains of rat heme oxygenase-2: The amino terminus and histidine 151 are required for heme oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophvs 1993: 302:402-408.
38. Wilks A. Ortiz de Montellano PR: Rat liver heme oxygenase: High level expression of a truncated soluble form and nature of the meso-hy-droxylating species. J Biol Client 1993:268:22357-22362.
39. Yoshida T. Noguchi M, Kikuchi G: Oxygenated form and heme-heme oxygenase complex and requirement for second electron to initiate heme degradation from the oxygenated complex. J Biol Chem 1980: 255:4418-4420.
40. Jackson AH, Lee MG, Jenkins RT. Brown SB. Chaney BD: Oxidative ring opening of octaethyl biliverdin and its meso-hydroxy derivatives to oxyethylbiliverdin. Tetrahedron Lett 1978:51:5135-5139.
41. Yoshida T, Noguchi M, Kikuchi G: Features of intermediary steps around the 668-nm substance in the heme oxygenase reaction. J Bio chem 1984:96:563-570.
42. Sano S, Sano T, Morishima T. Shiro Y. Macda Y: On the mechanism of the chemical and enzymic oxygenations ol a-oxyprotohemin IX to Fe-biliverdin IXa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986:83:531-535.
43. Yoshinaga T. Sassa S. Kappas A: The occurrence of molecular interactions among NADPH-cyto-chrome c reductase, heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase in heme degradation. J Biol Chem 1982:257:7786-7793.
44. Trakshcl GM. Kutty RK. Maines MD: Cadmium-mediated inhibition of testicular heme oxygenase activity: The role of NADPH-cytochromc c (P450) reductase. Arch Biochem Biophvs 1986;251:175-187.
45. Yamamoto M. Hayashi N. Kikuchi G: Evidence for the transcriptional inhibition by heme of the synthesis of S-aminolevulinate synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982: 105:985-990.
46. Shibahara S. Sato M. Muller RM. Yoshida T: Structural organization of the human heme oxygenase gene and the function of its promoter. Eur J Biochem 1989;179:557-563.
47. Lutlon JD. da Silva J-L, Moqattash S. Brown AC, Lcvcre RD. Abraham NG: Differential induction of heme oxygenase in the hcpatocarcinoma cell line (Hep3B) by environmental agents. J Cell Biochent 1992:49: 259-265.
48. Lutton JD, Griffin MO. Nishimura M. Levere RD, Kappas A, Abraham NG, Shibahara S: Coexpression of erythropoietin and heme oxygenase genes in Hep3B cells. Hepatology 1993;17:861-868.
49. Lavrovsky Y, Schwartzman ML. Levere RD. Kappas A, Abraham NG: Identification of binding sites for transcription factors NF-kB and AP-2 in the promoter region of the human heme oxygenase-1 gene. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 1994:91: 5987-5991.
50. Maines MD: Heme Oxygenase: Clinical Applications and Functions. Boca Raton, CRC Press. 1990. pp 146-152.
51. Hisawa T. Fujimura S. Sakiyama S: Tumor promoters increase the synthesis of a 32,000 dalton protein in BALB/c 3TC cells. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 1982:79:1800-1804.
52. Hisawa T. Fujiki H. Suginiura T. Sakiyama S: Increase in the synthesis of a Mwl 32,000 proiein in BALB/c 3TC cells treated with tumor-promoting indole alkaloids or polvacetates. Cancer Res 1983:43: 5951-5955.
53. Kagayama H. Hisawa T. Tokunaga K. Sakiyama S: Isolation and characterization of a complementary cDNA clone for a Mwt 32.000 protein which is induced with tumor promoters in BALB/c 3TC. Cancer Res 1988;48:4795-4798.
54. Applegate LA. Luschcr P. Tyrrell R: Induction of heme oxygenase: A general response to oxidant stress in cultured mammalian cells. Cancer Res 1991:51:974-978.
55. Imbra RJ. Karin M: Metalbthion-ein gene expression is regulated by serum factors and activators of protein kinase C. Mol Cell Biol 1987;7: 1358-1363.
56. Angel P. Bauman I. Stein B. Delius H. Rahmsdorf HJ. Herrlich P: 12-0-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetatc induction of the human collagenasc gene is mediated by an inducible enhancer element located in the 5' flanking region. Mol Cell Biol 1987; 7:2256-2266.
57. Angel P. Imagawa M, Chiu R. Stein B. Imbra RJ, Rahmsdorf HJ. Jonat C, Herrlich P, Karin M: Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common CIS clement recognized by a TPA-modulaled transacting factor. Cell 1987:49:729-739.
58. Lee W, Mitchell P.Tijan R: Purified transcription factor AP-1 interacts with TPA-inducible enhancer elements. Cell 1987:49:741-752.
59. Muraosa Y, Shibahara S: Identification of a cis-regulatory element and putative trans-acting factors responsible for 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-mediatcd induction of heme oxygenase expression in myeiomonocytic cell lines. Mol Cell Biol 1993;13:7881-7891.
60. Curran T. Ranza BR Jr: Fos and jun: The AP-1 connector. Cell 1988: 55:395-397.
61. Herschman HR: Primary response genes induced by growth factors and tumor promoters. Annu Rev Bio-chem 1991:60:281-319.
62. Boyle WJ. Smcal T. Defize LHK. Angel P. Woodget JR. Karin M. Hunter T: Activation of protein kinase C decreases phosphorylation of c-Jun at sites that negatively regulate its DNA-binding activity. Cell 1991; 64:573-584.
63. Pulverer BJ. Kyriakis JM. Avruch J. Nicolakaki E. Woodget JR: Phosphorylation of c-Jun mediated by MAP kinases. Nature 1991:353: 670-674.
64. Mitani K. Fujita H. Kappas A. Sassa S: Heme oxygenase is a positive acute-phase reactant in human Hcp3B hepatoma cells. Blood 1992: 79:1255-1259.
65. Sardana MK, Sassa S, Kappas A: Differential responses to inducers of 6-aminolaevulinate synthase and haem oxygenase during pregnancy. Biochem J 1981:198:403-408.
66. Bitar M. Weiner M: Diabetes-induced metabolic alterations in heme synthesis and degradation and various heme-containing enzymes in female rats. Diabetes 1984;33:37-44.
67. Sardana MK. Sassa S, Kappas A: Hormonal regulation of heme oxygenase induction in avian hepalo-cytc culture. Biochent Pharmacol 1985:34:2937-2944.
68. Messina JL: Insulin regulation of c-fos gene transcription in hepatoma cells. J Biol Chcm 1990:265:11700-11705.
69. Abate C, Patel L, Rauschcr FJ, Curran T: Redox regulation of Fos and Jun DNA-binding activity in vitro. Science 1990:249:1157-1161.
70. Gerritscn ME. BloorCM: Endothelial cell gene expression in response to injury. FASEB J 1993;7:523-532.
71. Grimm S. Baeuerle PA: The inducible transcription factor NFkB: Structure-function relationship of its protein subunits. Biochem J 1993;290:297-308.
72. Liou H-C. Baltimore D: Regulation of the NF-xB/rel transcription factor and IkB inhibitor system. CurrOpin Cell Biol 1993;5:477-487.
73. Nolan GP. Fujita T. Bhatia K. Hup-pi C. Liou H-C. Scott ML, Baltimore D: The bcl-3 protooncogene encodes a nuclear licB-like molecule that preferentially interacts with NFkB p50 and p52 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mol Cell Biol 1993:13:3557-3566.
74. Beg AA, Finco TS. Nanlcrmcl PV. Baldwin AS Jr: Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 lead to phosphorylation and loss of IkBu: A mechanism for NFkB activation. Mol Cell Biol 1993:13:3301-3310.
75. Kerr LD, Inoue J. Vernta IM: Signal transduction: The nuclear target. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1992:4:496-501.
76. Rizzardini M. Terao M. Falciani F. Cantoni L: Cytokine induction of haem oxygenase mRNA in mouse liver. Biochem J 1993:290:343-347.
77. Hyman SE. Comb M. Pearlberg J. Goodman HM: An AP-2 element acts synergisticallv with the cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-inducible enhancer of the human proenkeph-alin gene. Mol Cell Biol 1989:9:321-324.
78. Mitchell PJ, Wang C. Tijan R: Positive and negative regulation of transcription in vitro: Enhancer-binding protein AP-2 is inhibited by SV40 T antigen. Cell 1987:50:847-861.
79. Schreck R. Richer P. Baeuerle PA: Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kB transcription factor and HIV-1. EM BO J 1991;10:2247-2258.
80. Koong AC, Chen EY, Giaccia AJ: Hypoxia causes the activation of nuclear factor kB through the phosphorylation of IkBu on tyrosine residues. Cancer Res 1994:54:1425-1430.
81. da Silva J-L, Morishita T. Staudin-ger R. Escalante B. Goligorsky MS, Lutton JD: Dual role of heme oxygenase in epithelial cell injury: Contrasting effects of acute and chronic exposure to oxidant stress. J Lab Clin Med. in press,.
82. Xanthoudakis S. Miao G. Wang F. Pan YCE. Curran T: Redox activation of Fos-Jun DNA binding activity is mediated by a DNA repair enzyme. EMBO J 1992:11:3323-3335.
83. Mitonto KM, Nakayama K. Fuji-moto K. Sun X, Seki S. Yamamoto K: Two different cellular redox systems regulate the DNA binding activity of the p50 subunit of NFkB in vitro. Gene 1994:145:197-203.
84. Rizzardini M. Trao M. Falciani F. Cantoni L: Cytokine induction of heme oxygenase mRNA in mouse liver. Biochem 1993;290:343-347.
85. Haslinger A. Karin M: Upstream promoter element of the human mc-tallothionein-IlA gene can act like an enhancer element. I’roc Natl AcadSci USA 1985:82:8572-8576.
86. Leask A. Byrne C. Fuchs E: Transcriptional factor AP-2 and its role in epidermal-specific gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991: 88:7948-7952.
87. Lee W, Haslinger A. Karin M. Tijan R: Activation of transcription by two factors that bind promoter and enhancer sequences of the human metallothionein gene and SV 40. Nature 1987;325:368-372.
88. Nyborg JK. Dynan WS: Interaction of cellular proteins with the human T-cell leukemia virus type I transcriptional control region. Purification of cellular proteins that bind the 21-base pair repeat elements. J Biol Chcm 1990:265:8230-8236.
89. Williams T. Admon A. Luscher B, Tijan R: Cloning and expression of AP-2. a cell-type-specific transcription factor that activates inducible enhancer elements. Genes Dev 1988:2:1557-1569.
90. lmagawa M. Chiu R, Karin M: Transcription factor AP-2 mediates induction by two different signal-transduction pathways: Protein kinase C and cAMP. Cell 1987:51: 251-260.
91. Luscher B, Mitchell P.J, Williams T. Tijan R: Regulation of transcription factor AP-2 by the morphogen retinoic acid and by second messengers. Genes Dev 1989:3:1507-1517.
92. Mitchell PJ. Tontmons PM. Hebert JM, Rigby PW, Tijan R: Transcription factor AP-2 is expressed in neural crest cell lineages during mouse entbryogenesis. Genes Dev 1991:5: 105-119.
93. Snape AM, Winning RS. Sargent TD: Transduction factor AP-2 istis-sue-specific in Xcnopusand is closely related or identical to keratin transcription factor (KTF-1). Development 1991;1 13:283-293.
94. Lavrovsky Y. Schwartzman ML. Lavrovsky V, Abraham NG: Characterization of 142 bp fragment of the c-fas oncogene promoter upstream of SIF binding element. Gene 1994:142:285-290.
95. Alam J: Multiple elements within the 5' distal enhancer of the mouse heme oxygcnase-l gene mediate induction by heavy metals. J Biol Chem 1994;269:25049-25056.
96. Alam J. Camhi S. Choi AMK: Identification of a second region upstream of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene that functions as a basal level and inducer-dependent transcription factor. J Biol Chem 1995:270:11977-11984.
97. Abraham NG:Transcriptional regulation of the human heme oxygenase gene in microvessel endothelial cells. In preparation.
98. Negishi M. Odani N. Koizumi T, Takahashi S, Ichikawa A: Involvement of protein kinase in-prosta-glandin Ji-induced expression of rat heme oxygenase-1 gene. FEBS Lett 1995:372:279-282.
99. Verma A. Hirsclt DJ. Glatt CE. Ronnett GV, Snyder SH: Carbon monoxide: A putative neural messenger. Science 1993;259:381-384.
100. Maines MD, Mark JA. Ewing JF: Heme oxygenase, a likely regulator of cGMP production in the brain: Induction in vivo of HO-1 compensates for depression in NO synthase activity. Mol Cell Neurosci 1993;4:398-405.
101. Takeda A, Onodcra H. Sugimoto A. Itoyama Y, Kogure K. Shibaha-ra S: Increased expression of heme oxygenase mRNA in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res 1994:666:120-124.
102. Forman MB. Virmani R: Pathogenesis and modification of myocardial reperfusion injury; in Gersch BJ (ed): Acute Myocardial Infarction. Amsterdam. Elsevier Science, 1991. pp 349-370.
103. Forman MB, Puett DW. Virmani R: Endothelial and myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfu-sion: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. J Am Cell Cardiol 1989;13:450-459.
104. Flaherty JT: Myocardial injury mediated by oxygen free radicals. Am J Med 1991:91(suppl 3):79-84.
105. Ferrari R. Ceconi C. Curello S. Cargnoni A. Pasini E. Dc Giuli F. Albertini A: Role of oxygen-free radicals in ischemic and reperfused myocardium. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(suppl):215-222.
106. Murphy BJ. Laderoute KR. Short SM. Sutherland RM: The identification of heme oxygenase as a major hypoxic stress protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br J Cancer 1991:64:69-73.
107. Tacchini L. Schiaffonati L. Pap-palardo C. Gatti S. Bernelli-Zaz-z.cra A: Expression of HSP70, intermediate-early response and heme oxygenase genes in ischcmic-reperfused rat liver. Lab Invest 1993;68:465-471.
108. Maines MD. Mayer RD. Ewing JF. McCoubrey WK Jr: Induction of kidney heme oxygenase-1 (11SP32) mRNA and protein by ischemia/ reperfusion: Possible role of heme as both promoter of tissue damage and regulator of I ISP32. J Pharmacol ExpThcr 1993:264:457-462.
109. Balia J. Jacob I IS. Balia G. Nath K. Vercellotti GM: Endothelial cell heme oxygenase and ferritin induction by heme proteins: A possible mechanism for limiting shock damage. Trans Assoc Am Phys 1992;105:1-7.
110. Abraham NG. Pinto A. Lcverc RD. Mullane K: Identification of heme oxygenase and cytochrome P450 in the rabbit heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1987;19:73-81.
111. Neil TK. Abraham NG, Lcvere RD. Kappas A: Differential heme oxygenase induction by stannous and stannic ions in the hean. J Cell Biochem 1995:57:409-414.
112. Katavose D, Isovama S, Fujita H. Shibahara S: Separate regulation of heme oxygenase and heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression in the rat heart by hemodynamic stress. Biochem Biophys ResCorn-mun 1993;191:587-594.
113. Rossi A, Santoro MG: Induction by prostaglandin A1 of haem oxygenase in myoblastic cells: An effect independent of expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein. Biochem J 1995:308:455-463.
114. Schwarizman ML. Masferrer J. Dunn MW. McGiff JC. Abraham NG: Cytochrome P450. drug metabolizing enzymes and arachi-donic acid metabolism in bovine ocular tissues. Curr Eye Res 1987: 6:623-630.
115. Bron AJ. Mengher LS. Davey CC: The normal conjunctiva and its responses to inflammation. Trans Ophthalmol Soc 1985:104:424-435.
116. Sack RA. Tan KO. Tan A: Diurnal tear cycle: Evidence for a nocturnal inflammatory constitutive tear fluid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992;33:626-640.
117. Holden BA: The Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture 1988: The ocular response to contact lens wear. Op-tom Vis Sci 1989;66:717-733.
118. Nishida T. Yasumoto K. Morika-wa Y. Otori T: Hard contact lens involved corneal neovascularization treated by oxygenation. Cornea 1991:10:358-360.
119. Halliwell B. Gutteridge JMC: Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transmission metals and disease. Biochem J 1984:219:1-14.
120. Edelhauser HF. Geroski DH. Woods WD. Holley GP, Schwartz-man ML: Swelling in the isolated perfused cornea induced by 12(R)-hyd roxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993:34:2953-2961.
121. +-ATPase in the cornea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987:84:8125-8129.
122. Masferrer JL, Rimarachin JA. Gcrritsen ME. Falck JR, Yadagiri P. Dunn MW. Schwartzman ML: 12(R)Hvdroxyeicosatctraenoic acid, a potent chcmotactic and angiogenic agent produced by the cornea. Exp Eye Res 1991:52:417-423.
123. Askura T. Shichi H: l2(R)Hy-droxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis by 3-methylcholanthrenc- and clofibrate-induciblc cytochrome P450 in porcine ciliary epithelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992:187:455-459.
124. Asakura T. Matsuda M. Shichi H: Synthesis of 12 RF and l2(S)-hy-droxyeicosatctraenoid acids by porcine ocular tissues. J Ocul Pharmacol 1994:10:525-535.
125. Philpol RM: Characterization of cytochrome P450 in extrahepatic tissues. Methods Enzymol 1991; 206:623-631.
126. Palla NS. Jacob HS: Cytochrome P450 mediates damaging hydroxyl radical formation during reoxv-gcnalion of the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994:91:7002-7006.
127. David KL. Conners MS. Dunn MW, Schwartzman ML: Induction of corneal epithelial cytochrome P450 arachidonate metabolism by contact lens wear. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992:33:291-297.
128. Conners MS. Schultz MC. Dunn MW. Abraham NG. Schwartzman ML: Hypoxia-induced complications of soft contact lens wear are alleviated by heme oxygenase induction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992:33:780-787.
129. Conners MS. Stoltz RA, David K.L. Dunn MW. Abraham NG, Levere RD. Laniado-Schwartz-man M: A closed eye contact lens model of corneal inflammation. II. inhibition of cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolism alleviates inflammatory sequelae. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995:36: 841-850.
130. Cashore WJ. Oh W: Unbound bilirubin and kemictcrus in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1982:69: 481-486.
131. Dodd KL: Neonatal jaundice: A lighter touch. Arch Dis Child 1993:68:529-533.
132. Newman TB. Maisels MJ: Evaluation and treatment of jaundice in the term newborn: A kinder gentler approach. Pediatrics 1992:89: 809-818.
133. McDonagh AF. Palma LA. Trull FR, et al: Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice: Configurational isomers of bilirubin. J Am Chem Soc 1982:104:6865-6867.
134. McDonagh AF, Lighlncr DA: ’Like a shrivelled blood orange’: Bilirubin, jaundice and phototherapy. Pediatrics 1985:75:443-455.
135. Sisscn TR. Vogel TP: Phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemia: in Regan JD. Parrish JA (cds): The Science of Photomedicine. New York, Plenum Press, 1982, pp 2477-2486.
136. Rosenstein BS. Ducori JM: Enhancement by bilirubin of DNA damage induced in human cells exposed to phototherapy light. Pe-diatrRes 1984;18:3-7.
137. Cohen AN. Ostrow JD: New concepts in phototherapy: Photoisomerization of bilirubin IXa and potential side effects of light. Pediatrics 1980:65:740-744.
138. Mosely MJ. Fielder AR: Phototherapy: An ocular hazard revisited. Arch Dis Child 1988:63:886-887.
139. Galbraith RA, Kappas A: Pharmacokinetics of lin-mesoporphyrin in man and the effects of tin-chelated porphyrins on hvperexcretion of heme pathway precursors in patients with acute inducible porphyria. Hepatology 1989:9:882-888.
140. Berglund I. Angelin B. Blom-strand R. Drummond GS. Kappas A: Sn-Protoporphyrin lowers serum bilirubin levels, decreases biliary bilirubin output, enhances biliary heme excretion and potently inhibits hepatic heme oxygenase activity in normal human subjects. Hepatology 1988;8:625-631.
141. Dover SB. Graham A. Fitzsimons E. Moore MR. McColl KEL: Haem arginate plus tin-protoporphyrin for acute hepatic porphyria. Lancet 1991;338:263-264.
142. Berglund L. Angelin B. Hultcrantz K. et al: Studies with the haem oxygenase inhibitor Sn-protopor-phyrin in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and idiopathic haemochromatosis. Gut 1990:31: 899-904.
143. Kappas A. Drummond GS. Simio-natlo CS. Sassa S. Anderson KE: Control of heme oxygenase and plasma levels of bilirubin by a synthetic heme analogue, tin-proto-porphvrin. Hepatology 1984,4: 336-341.
144. Galbraith RA. Drummond GS. Kappas A: Suppression of bilirubin production in the Crigler-Naj-jar type I syndrome: Studies with the heme oxygenase inhibitor tin-mcsoporplivrin. Pediatrics 1992: 89:175-182.
145. Kappas A. Drummond GS. Mano-la T. Pctmczaki S. Valaes T: Sn-protoporphvrin use in the management of hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns with direct Coombs-positive ABO incompatibility. Pediatrics 1988:81:485-497.
146. Valaes T. Pctmczaki S. Hcnschke C. Drummond GS. Kappas A: Control of jaundice in preterm newborns by an inhibitor of bilirubin production: Studies with tin-mesoporphyrin. Pediatrics 1994: 93:1-11.
147. Kappas A, Drummond GS. Hcnschke C. Valaes T: Direct comparison of Sn-mcsoporphyrin. an inhibitor of bilirubin production, and phototherapy in controlling hyperbilirubinemia in term and near-term new'boms. Pediatrics 1995:95:468-474.
148. da Silva J-L. Ticfenthalcr M. Park E, Escalante B. Schwartzman ML. Levere RD, Abraham NG: Tin-mediated heme oxygenase gene activation and cytochrome P450 ara-chidonale hydroxylase inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Med Sci 1994:307:173-181.
149. Martasek P. Schwartzman ML. Goodman AI, Solangi KB. Levere RD, Abraham NG: Hemin and L-arginine regulation of blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 1991;2: 1078-1084.
150. Johnson RA, Lavesa M. Askari B. Abraham NG, Nasjletti A: A heme oxygenase product, presumably carbon monoxide, mediates a vasodepressor function in rat. Hypertension 1995:25:166-169.
151. Keyse SM. Applegate LA. Tront-voukis Y, Tyrrell RM: Oxidant stress leads to transcriptional activation of the human heme oxygenase gene in cultured skin fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 1990;10: 4967-4969.
152. Keyse SM: The induction of gene expression in mammalian cells by radiation. Semin Cancer Biol 1993:4:119-128.
153. Tyrrell RM: UVS (320-380 nm) radiation as an oxidative stress: in Sies H (ed): Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants. London. Academic Press. 1991. pp 57-83.
154. Lautier D. Luschcr P. Tyrrell RM: Endogenous glutathione levels modulate both constitutive and UVA radiation/hydrogen peroxide inducible expression of the human heme oxygenase gene. Carcinogenesis 1992:13:227-232.
155. Bitar M, Weiner M: Heme and hemeproteins in streptozotocin-di-abetic female rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1984;32:1921-1928.
156. Lin JH-C, Villalon P. Nelson J, Abraham NG: Expression of rat liver heme oxygenase gene during development. Arch Biochem Bio-phys 1989;270:623-629.
157. Dcnncry PA, McDonagh AF. Spitz DR. Rodgers PA. Stevenson OK: Hyperbilirubinemia results in reduced oxidative injury in neonatal Gunn rats exposed to hypoxia. Free Radie Biol Med 1995:9:395-404.
158. Kurata S, Matsumoto M, Hoshi M, Nakajima H: Transcriptional control of the heme oxygenase gene during mouse spermatogenesis. Eur J Biochem 1993:217:633-638.
159. Bakken AF. Thaler MM. Schmid R: Metabolic regulation of heme catabolism and bilirubin production. I. Hormonal control of hepatic heme oxygenase activity. J Clin Invest 1972;51:530-536.
160. Smith TJ. Drummond GS. Kou-rides IA. Kappas A: Thyroid hormone regulation of heme oxidation in the liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79:7537-7542.
161. Smith TJ, Drummond GS; Thyroid hormone regulation of heme synthesis in rat liver. Endocrinology 1988;122:1964-1967.
162. Smith TJ, Drummond GS; Retinoic acid can enhance the stimulation by thyroid hormone of heme oxygenase in theliver of thyroidec-tomized rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991:1075:119-122.
163. Sadler EM. Reddy VR. Piper WN: Increased rat testicular heme oxygenase activity associated with depressed microsomal heme and cytochrome P450 levels after repealed administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1986;249:382-387.
164. Vellman JC. Maincs MD: Sex difference in adrenal heme and cytochrome P450 metabolism. Evidence for the repressive regulatory role of testosterone. J Pharmacol ExpThcr 1985:235:71-75.
165. Sardana MK. Sassa S. Kappas A: Adrenalectomy enhances the induct ion of heme oxygenase and the degradation of cytochrome P450 in liver. J Biol Chem 1980:255: 11320-11323.
166. Ohno K. Fujiwara M. Fukushima M. Narumiya S: Metabolic dehydration of prostaglandin Ey and cellular uptake of the dehydration product: Correlation with prostaglandin Ey-induced growth inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986:139:808-815.
167. Santoro MG. Benedetto A. Jaffc BM: Prostaglandin Ai induces differentiation in Friend crylhrolcu-kemia cells. Prostaglandins 1979; 17:719-727.
168. Ohno K, Fujiwara M. Fukushima M. Narumiya S: Induction of 68,000-dalton heat shock proteins by cyclopcntanone prostaglandins, J Biol Chem 1988:263:19764-19770.
169. Koizumi T. Yamauchi R. Iric A. Negishi M, Ichikawa A: Induction of a 31.000 dalton stress protein by prostaglandin Dy and Jy in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1991;42:777-785.
170. l2-prostaglandin Jy in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Prostaglandins 1992;43:121-131.
171. l2(E) prostaglandin Dy with intracellular glutathione and enhancement of its antiproliferative activity by glutathione depletion. Cancer Res 1990;50:1879-1885.
172. Abraham NO: Molecular regulation: Biological role of heme in hematopoiesis. Blood Rev 1991:5: 19-28.
173. Fandrcy J, Bunn HF: In vivo and in vitro regulation of erythropoietin mRNA: Measurement by competitive polymerase chain reaction. Blood 1993:81:617-623.
174. Schuster SJ. Badiavas EV. Costa-Giomi P. Weinmann R. Erslev AJ. Caro J: Stimulation of erythropoietin gene transcription during hypoxia and cobalt exposure. Blood 1989:73:13-16.
175. Abraham NG. Levere RD. Lin JH-C. Beru N. Herntine O. Goldwas-ser E: C'o-regulalion of heme oxygenase and erythropoietin genes. J Cell Biochem 1991:47:43-48.
176. Chattcrjee KD: Parasitology: Pro-tozoology and Helminthology, ed 12. Calcutta, Chatterjee Medical, 1979. pp 70-99.
177. Sahni SK. Saxcna N. Tckwani BL. Dutta GP, Pandcy VC: Status of hepatic heme and heme oxygenase during Plasmodium yoelii nigeri-ensis infection in mice. Exp Mol Pathol 1991:55:55-62.
178. Srivastava P. Puri SK. Dutta GP. Pandev VC: Effect of chloroquinc on hepatic heme oxygenase during Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Int J Parasitol 1993:23:231-234.
179. Gaultier P. Cambon-Gros C. Fernandez Y. Deltour P. Eeckhouttc C, Hoellinger H: Fasciola hepatica: Liver microsomal membrane functions in host rat. Exp Parasitol 1994:78:175-182.
180. Muller T, Gebcl S: Heme oxygenase expression in Swiss 3T3 cells following exposure to aqueous cigarette smoke fractions. Carcinogenesis 1994:15:67-72.
181. Frei B. Forte TM. Ames BN, Yoss CE: Gas phase oxidants of cigarette smoke induce lipid peroxidation and changes in lipoprotein properties in human blood plasma.J Biochem 1991:277:133-138.
182. Nakayama T, Kancko M. Kodama M. Nagata C: Cigarette smoke induces DNA single-strand breaks in human cells. Nature 1985:314: 462-464.
183. Janssen YMW. Marsh JP. Absher MP. Gabrielson E. Borm PJA. Driscoll K. Mossman BT: Oxidant stress responses in human pleural mésothélial cells exposed to asbestos. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994:149:795-802.
184. Hansen K, Mossman BT: Generation of superoxide from alveolar macrophages exposed to asbesto-form fibers and nonfibrous particulates. Cancer Res 1987:47:1681-1686.
185. Hedenborg M, Klockars M: Production of reactive oxygen metabolites induced by asbestos fibers in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.J Clin Pathol 1987:40:1189-1193.
186. Abraham NG. Bucher D. Niranjan U. Brown AC. Lutton JD. Disten-feld A. Ahmed T. Levere RD: Microenvironmental toxicity of azi-dothymidine: Partial spring with hemin. Blood 1989;74:139-144.
187. Levere RD. Gong Y-F. Kappas A. Bucher DJ. Wormser GP. Abraham NG: Heme inhibits HIV-1 replication in cell cultures and enhances the anti-viral effect of zidovudine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:1756-1759.
188. Levere RD. Staudinger R. Loewy G. Kappas A. Shibahara S. Abraham NG: Elevated levels of heme oxygenase activity and mRNA in peripheral blood adherent cells of AIDS patients. Am J Hematol 1993:43:19-23.
189. Neurath AR. Haberficld P. Joshi B. Hewlett IK, Strick N, Jiang S: Rapid prescreening for antiviral agents against HIV-1 based on their inhibitory activity in site-directed immunoassays. I. The V3 loop of gpl20 as target. Antiviral Cheni Chemother 1991:2:303-312.
190. Baumann H, Gauldie J: The acute phase response. Immunol Today 1994:15:74-80
191. Cosman D: The hematopoiclin receptor superfamily. Cytokine 1993:5:95-106.
192. Mackiewicz A, Kushner I, Baumann II: Acute Phase Proteins: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Clinical Applications. Boca Raton. CRC Press. 1993, pp 1-686.
193. Tsuchiya Y, Hattori K. Hayashida K. Ishibashi H. Okubo H. Sakaki Y: Sequence analysis of the putative regulatory region of the rat U;-macroglobulin gene. Gene 1987; 57:73-80.
194. Kunz D. Zimmerman R. Heisig M. Heinrich PC: Identification of the promoter sequences involved in the interleukin-6-dependent expression of the rat uj-macroglobu-lin gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1989: 17:1121-1126.
195. Akira S. Isshiki H. Sugita T, Ta-nabe O, Kinoshita S. Nishio Y. Nakajima T. Hirnao T. Kishimoto T: A nuclear factor for 1 L.-6 expression (NF-IL6) is a member of a C7 EBP family. EMBO J 1990:9: 1897-1906.
196. Cantoni L, Rossi C. Rizzardini M. Gadina M. Ghezzi P: Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor induce hepatic haem oxygenase. Biochem .1 1991:279:891-894.
197. Camhi SL, Alam J. Otlcrbcin L. Sylvester SL, Choi AMK: Induction of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide is mediated by AP-1 activation. Am J Rcspir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 13: 387-398.
198. Martich GD. Danner RL. Ceska M, SulTredini AF: Detection of in-terlcukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor in normal humans after intravenous endotoxin: The effect of antiinflammatory agents. J Exp Med 1991:173:1021-1024.
199. Butler ED, Layman NK. Ricdl PE. Cain RL. Chellhaas J. Evans GF. Zuckerman SH: Neuroendocrine regulation of in vivo cytokine production and effects. I. In vivo regulatory networks involving the neuroendocrine system, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J Neu-roimmunol 1989:24:143-153.
200. Fukuda Y, Sassa S: Effect of interleukin-11 on the levels of mRNAs encoding heme oxygenase and haptoglobin in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. Biochem Biophvs Res Commun 1993:193:297-302.
201. Dinarcllo CA. Cannon JG. Wolff SM: New concepts in the pathogenesis of fever. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10:34-64.
202. Dinarello CA. Cannon JG. Man-cilia J. Bishai I. Lees J, Coceani F: Interleukin-6 as an endogenous pyrogen: Induction of prostaglandin Ej in brain but not in peripheral mononuclear cells. Brain Res 1991:562:199-206.
203. Takctani S. Kohno H. Yoshinaga T. Tokunaga R: Induction of heme oxygenase in rat hepatoma cells by exposure to heavy metals and hyperthermia. Biochem Int 1988; 17: 665-672.
204. Ewing JF. Maines MD: Glutathione depletion induces heme oxygenasc-1 (HSP32) mRNA and protein in rat brain. J Neurochcm 1993;60:1512-1519.
205. Dwyer BE. Nishimura RN. Lu SY: Differential expression of heme oxygenase-1 in cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes determined by the aid of a new heme oxygenase antibody: Response to oxidative stress. Mol Brain Res 1995;30:37-47.
206. Stocker R: Induction of haem oxygenase as a defense against oxidative stress. Free Radie Res Commun 1990:9:101-112.
207. Nutter I.M. Sierra EE. Ngo EO: Heme oxygenase docs not protect human cells against oxidani stress. J Lab Clin Med 1994.123:506-514.
208. Halliwcll B. Gutteridge JMC: Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview. Methods Enzymol 1990,186: 1-85.
209. Rice-Evans C, Burdon R: Free radical-lipid interactions and their pathological consequences. Prog Lipid Res 1993;32:71-110.
210. Uhlig S. Wendel A: The physiological consequences of glutathione variations. Life Sci 1992:51:1083-1094.
211. Ferrali M. Signorini C. Ciccoli L. Comporti M: Iron release and membrane damage in erythrocytes exposed to oxidizing agents phen-ylhydrazine, divicine and iso-uramil. Biochem J 1992:285:295-301.
212. Ames BN: Endogenous oxidative DNA damage, aging and cancer. Free Radic Res Commun 1989:7: 121-128.
213. Dean RT. Gicscg S. Davies MJ: Reactive species and their accumulation on radical-damaged proteins. TIBS 1993;18:437-441.
214. Neuzii J. Gebicki JM. Stocker R: Radical-induced chain oxidation of proteins and its inhibition by chain breaking anti-oxidants. Biochem J 1993:293:601-606.
215. Halliwcll B: The role of oxygen radicals in human disease, with particular reference to the vascular system. Haemostasis 1993:23 (suppl 1): 118-126.
216. Tcrelius Y. Ingelman-Sundberg M: Cytochrome P450-dependent oxidase activity and hydroxyl radical production in micellar and membranous types of reconstituted systems. Biochem Pharmacol 1988: 37:1383-1389.
217. Ryan TP, Aust SD: The role of iron in oxygen-mediated toxicitics. Crit Rev Toxicol 1992:22:119-141.
218. Flohe L: Glutathione: Chemical, biochemical and medical aspects: in Dolphin D, Avramori O, Poul-son R (cds): The Selenoprotein Glutathione Peroxidase. New York. Wiley. 1989. vol 3A. pp 643-731.
219. Kettercr B. Meyer DJ: Glutathione transferases: A possible role in detoxification of repair of DNA and lipid hydroperoxide. Mutat Res 1989;214:33-40.
220. Potter DW. Hinson JA: Mechanisms of acetaminophen oxidation to N-acetyl-p-bcnzoquinone by horseradish peroxidase and cytochrome P450. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:966-973.
221. Kctterer B. Meyer DJ. Clark AG: Glutathione conjugation: Mechanisms and biological significance; in Sics H. Kettercr B (eds): Soluble Glutathione Transferase Isozymes. San Diego. Academic Press. 1988. pp 73-135.
222. Nath KA. Agarwal A. Vogt BA: Functional consequences of induction of heme oxygenase: in Goli-gorsky M. Stein J (eds): Contemporary Issues in Nephrology: Acute Renal Failure. New York. Churchill-Livingstone. 1995. vol 30. pp 97-118.
223. Balia G. Vcrcellotti GM. Muller-Ebcrhard U. Eaton J, Jacob HS: Exposure of endothelial cells to free heme potentiates damage mediated by granulocytes and toxic oxygen species. Lab Invest 1991; 64:648-655.
224. Balia J. Jacob HS. Balia G. Nath K. Eaton JW. Vcrcellotti GM: Endothelial cell heme uptake from heme proteins: Induction of sensitization and desensitization to oxidant damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993:90:9285-9289.
225. Stocker R. McDonagh AF, Glazcr AN. Ames BN: Antioxidant activities of bile pigments: Biliverdin and bilirubin. Methods Enzymol 1990:186:301-309.
226. Neuzil J. Stocker R: Bilirubin attenuates radical-mediated damage to serum albumin. FEBS Lett 1993:331:281-284.
227. Pauly TIL Smith M. Gillespie M: Bilirubin as an antioxidant: Effect on group B streptococci-induced pulmonary hypertension in infant piglets. Biol Neonate 1991:60: 320-326.
228. Wu TW. Carey D. Wu J. Sugiyama H: The cytoprotective effects of bilirubin and biliverdin on rat hépatocytes and human erythrocytes and the impact of albumin. Bio-chem Cell Biol 1991:69:828-834.
229. Wu TW. Wu J. Li RK. Mickle D. Carey D: Albumin-bound bilirubins protect human ventricular myocytes against oxyradical damage. Biochcm Cell Biol 1991:69: 683-688.
230. Hcntzc MW. Caughman SW. Rouault TA. Barricanal JG. Dan-cis A, Harford JB, Klausncr RD: Identification of the iron-responsive element for the translational regulation of human ferritin mRNA. Science 1987:238:1570-1573.
231. Balia G. Jacob HS, Balia J. Rosenberg M. Nath K. Apple F. Eaton JW. Vcrcellotti GM: Ferritin: A cytoprotective antioxidant stratagem of endothelium. J Biol Chem 1992:267:18148-18153.
232. Rodgers PA. Vreman HF. Deanery PA. Stevenson DK: Sources of carbon monoxide (CO) in biological systems and applications of CO detection technologies. Semin Perinatal 1994:18:2-10.
233. Prabhakar NR. Dinerman JL. Agani FH. Snyder SH; Carbon monoxide: A role in carotid body chcmoreception. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 1995:92:1994-1997.
234. Christodoulides N. Durante W. Kroll Mil, Schafer Al: Vascular smooth muscle heme oxygenases generate guanyl cyclase-stimulatory carbon monoxide. Circulation 1995;91:2306-2309.
235. Rattan S, Chakdcr S: Inhibdory effect of CO on interna! anal sphincter: Heme oxygenase inhibitor inhibits NANC relaxation. Am J Physiol 1993:265:0799-0304.
236. Maines MD: Carbon monoxide: An emerging regulator of cGMP in the brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 1993: 4:389-397.
237. Patel VC, Yellon DM. Singh KF, Ncild GH. Woolen RG: Inhibition of nitric oxide limits infarct size in the in situ rabbit heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993:194: 234-238.
238. Ourv TD. Piantadosi CA, Crapo JD: Cold-induced brain edema in mice: Involvement of extracellular superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 1993:268: 15394-15398.
239. Lafon-Cazal M. Pictri S, Culcasi M. Bockaert J: NDA-dependent superoxidc production and neurotoxicity. Nature 1993:364:535-537.
240. Lipton SA, Choi Y-B, Pan Z-H, Lei SZ. Chen H-S. Sucher NJ. Los-calzo J. Singler DM. Stamlcr JS: A redox-based mechanism for the ncuroprotective and ncurodcsl rue-live effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature 1993;364:626-632.
241. Abraham NG. Lavrovsky Y, Schwartzman ML. Stoltz RA. Le-verc RD, Gerritsen ME. Shibahara S, Kappas A: Transfection of the human heme oxygenase gene into rabbit coronary microvessel endothelial cells: Protective effect against heme and hemoglobin toxicity. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 1995:92:6798-6802.
242. against heme and hemoglobin toxicity. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 1995:92:6798-6802.
243. Erzurum SC. Lemarchand P. Ro-scnfeld MA, Yoo JH. Crystal RG: Protection of human endothelial cells from oxidant injury by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the human catalase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1993:21:1607-1612.
244. Abraham NG, da Silva J-L. Lav-rovsky Y, Stoltz RA, Kappas A. Dunn MW. Laniado-Schwartz-man M: Adenovirus-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene transfer into rabbit ocular tissues. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995: 36:2202-2210.