The thrifty genotype hypothesis: How does it look after 30 years?

Diabetic Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 695-699

  Swinburn, B A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW;

EID: 0029900909     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199608)13:8<695::aid-dia170>3.0.co;2-#     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Neel JV. Diabetes mellitus: A 'thrifty' genotype rendered detrimental by 'progress'? Am J Human Genetics 1962; 14: 353-362.
2. Neel JV. The thrifty genotype revisited. In: Kobberling J, Tattersall R, eds. The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. London: Academic Press, 1982: 282-293.
3. Dowse G, Zimmet P. The thrifty genotype in non-insulin dependent diabetes. The hypothesis survives. Br Med J 1993; 306: 532-533.
4. McGarvey ST. The thrifty gene concept and adiposity studies in biological anthropology. J Polynesian Soc 1994; 103: 29-42.
5. Ravussin E. Energy metabolism in obesity. Studies in the Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 1993; 16 (suppl): 232-238.
6. Weder AB, Schork NJ. Adaptation, allometry, and hypertension. Hypertension 1994; 24: 145-156.
7. Houghton P. Polynesian body size: an adaptation to environmental temperature? Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 1995; 4: 354-356.
8. Turner RC, Levy JC, Clark A. Complex genetics of Type 2 diabetes: thrifty genes and previously neutral polymorphisms. Q J Med 1993; 86: 413-417.
9. O'Dea K. Overview of the thrifty genotype hypothesis. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 1995; 4: 339-340.
10. Cooper R. Diabetes and the thrifty gene. Lancet 1994; 344: 1648.
11. Cruickshank K. The thrifty genotype and non-insulin dependent diabetes. Br Med J 1993; 306: 934.
12. Weatherall D. The Harveian Oration. The Role of Nature and Nurture. London: Royal College of Physicians, 1992.
13. Cairns J. The history of mortality. In: Carroll KK, ed. Diet, Nutrition and Health. McGill: Queens University Press, 1989: 309-344.
14. Wrigley EA, Schofield RS. The Population History of England, 1541-1871: a Reconstruction. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.
15. Holingsworth TH. The demography of the British peerage. Popul Studies Suppl 1965; 18(2): 52-70.
16. Colditz GA, Willet WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Arky RA, et al. Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132: 501-513.
17. Lillioja S, Mott DM, Spraul M, Ferraro R, Foley JE, Ravussin E, et al. Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies of Pima Indians. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1988-1992.
18. Zimmet PZ. Kelly West Lecture 1991: Challenges in diabetes epidemiology - from West to the rest. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 232-252.
19. Wendorf M, Goldfine ID. Archaeology of NIDDM. Excavation of the 'thrifty' genotype. Diabetes 1991; 40: 161-165.
20. Rett K, Wicklmayr M, Mehnert H. What is the clinical significance of insulin resistance? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 20 (suppl 11): S22-S26.
21. Swinburn BA, Nyomba BL, Saad MF, Zurlo F, Raz I, Knowler WC, et al. Insulin resistance associated with lower rates of body weight gain in Pima Indians. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 168-173.
22. Valdez R, Mitchell BD, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Morales PA, Monterrosa A, et al. Predictors of weight change in a bi-ethnic population. The San Antonio Heart Study. Int J Obes 1994; 18: 85-91.
23. Hoag S, Marshall JA, Jones RH, Hamman HRF. High fasting insulin levels associated with lower rates of weight gain in persons with normal glucose tolerance: The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Int J Obes 1995; 19: 175-180.
24. Schwartz MW, Boyko EJ, Kahn SE, Ravussin E, Bogardus C. Reduced insulin secretion: an independent predictor of body weight gain. J Clin Endo Metab 1995; 80: 1571-1576.
25. Ravussin E, Swinburn BA. Metabolic predictors of obesity: cross-sectional versus longitudinal data. Int J Obes 1994; 17 (suppl 3): S28-S31.
26. Bogardus C, Lillioja S, Nyomba BL, Zurlo F, Swinburn B, Esposito-Del Puente A, et al. Distribution of in vivo insulin action in Pima Indians as a mixture of three normal distributions. Diabetes 1989; 38: 1423-1432.
27. Elliot TG, Viberti G. Relationship between insulin resistance and coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus and the general population: a critical appraisal. Baillières Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 7: 1079-1103.
28. Savage MO, Smith CP, Dunger DB, Gale EA, Holly JM, Preece MA. Insulin and growth factors adaptation to normal puberty. Horm Res 1992; 37 (suppl 3): 70-73.
29. Buchanan TA, Metzger BE, Freinkel N, Bergman RN. Insulin sensitivity and B-cell responsiveness to glucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance or mild gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1008-1014.
30. Zenni GC, McLane MP, Law WR, Raymond RM. Hepatic insulin resistance during chronic hyperdynamic sepsis. Circ Shock 1992; 37: 198-208.
31. Schulz LO, Schoeller DA. A compilation of total daily energy expenditure and body weights in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 676-681.
32. Ravussin E, Lillioja S, Anderson TE, Christin L, Bogardus C. Determinants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man: methods and results using a respiratory chamber. J Clin Invest 1986; 78: 1568-1578.
33. Ravussin E, Lillioja S, Knowler WC, Christin L, Freymond D, Abbott WGH, et al. Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body weight gain. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 467-472.
34. Leibel R, Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J. Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 621-628.
35. Spraul M, Ravussin E, Fontvieille AM, Rising R, Larson DE, Anderson EA. Reduced sympathetic nervous system activity. A potential mechanism predisposing to body weight gain. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 1730-1735.
36. Pettitt DJ, Bennett PH, Saad MF, Charles MA, Nelson RG, Knowler WC. Abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy in Pima Indian women: Long term effects on offspring. Diabetes 1991; 40 (suppl 2): 126-130.
37. Hales CN, Barker DJP, Clark PMS, Cox LJ, Fall C, Osmond C, et al. Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Br Med J 1991; 303: 1019-1022.
38. Barker DJP, Bull AR, Osmond C, Simmonds SJ. Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life. Br Med J 1990; 30: 259-262.
39. Barker DJP, Winter PD, Osmond C, Margetts B, Simmonds SJ. Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic disease. Lancet 1989; II: 577-580.
40. McCance DR, Pettitt DJ, Hanson RL, Jacobsson LT, Knowler WC, Bennett PH. Birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes: Thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or surviving small baby genotype. Br J Med 1994; 308: 942-945.
41. Hales CN, Barker DJP. Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia 1992; 35: 595-601.
42. Stoneking M, Wilson A. Mitochondrial DNA. In: Hill, A. Serjeantson S, eds. The Colonization of the Pacific: A Genetic Trail. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989: 215-245.
43. Houghton P. The adaptive significance of Polynesian body form. Ann Hum Biol 1990; 17: 19-32.
44. Houghton P. Selective influences and morphological variation amongst Pacific Homo sapiens. J Hum Evol 1991; 21: 41-51.
45. Houghton P. Polynesian body size: an adaptation to environmental temperature? Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr; 1995 4: 354-356.
46. Irwin G. The Prehistoric Exploration and Colonisation of the Pacific. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
47. Brewis AA, Irwin G, Allen JS. Patterns of colonisation and the 'thrifty genotype' in Pacific prehistory. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 1995 4: 361-365.
48. Oliver D. Ancient Tahitian Society. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
49. Pollock N. Cultural elaborations of obesity - fattening practices in Pacific societies. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 1995 4: 357-360.