Patterns of fracture among the United States elderly: Geographic and fluoride effects

Annals of Epidemiology

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 209-216

  Karagas, Margaret R ^a   Baron, John A ^a   Barrett, Jane A ^a   Jacobsen, Steven J ^b  

^a DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

ankle; arm; fluoride; fractures; geographic variability; hip; Osteoporosis

Indexed keywords

FLUORIDE;

AGE; AGED; ANKLE FRACTURE; ARTICLE; FEMALE; FLUORIDATION; FOREARM FRACTURE; FRACTURE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; HUMERUS FRACTURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICARE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0029900559     PISSN: 10472797     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/1047-2797(96)00006-3     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Bacon WE, Smith GS, Baker SP. Geographic variation in the occurrence of hip fractures among the elderly white U.S. population, Am J Pub Health. 1989;79:1556-1558.
2. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Miles TP, Brody JA, Steirs W, Rimm AA. Regional variation in the incidence of hip fracture. U.S. white women aged 65 years and older, JAMA. 1990;264:500-502.
3. Melton LJ III. Differing patterns of osteoporosis across the world. In: Chesnut CH, III ed. New Dimensions in Osteoporosis in the 1990s. New York: Elsevier; 1991:13-18.
4. Riggs BL, Seeman E, Hodgson SF, Taves DR, O'Fallon WM. Effect of the fluoride/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis, N Engl J Med. 1982;306:446-450.
5. Mamelle N, Dusan R, Martin JL, Prost A, Meunier PJ, Guillaume M, et al. Risk-benefit ratio of sodium fluoride treatment in primary vertebral osteoporosis, Lancet. 1988;13:361-365.
6. Pak C, Sakhaee K, Piziak V, Peterson R, Breslau N, Boyd P, et al. Slow-release sodium fluoride in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A randomized controlled trial, Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:625-632.
7. Simonen O, Laitinen O. Does fluoridation of drinking-water prevent bone fragility and osteoporosis? Lancet. 1985;24:432-434.
8. Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WM, Chao EYS, Wahner HW, Muhs JM, et al. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, N Engl J Med. 1990;322:802-809.
9. Kleerekoper M, Peterson EL, Nelson A, Phillips E, Schork MA, Tilley BC, et al. A randomized trial of sodium fluoride as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, Osteoporosis Int. 1991;1:155-161.
10. Danielson C, Lyon JL, Egger M, Goodenough GK. Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly population, JAMA. 1992;268:746-748.
11. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Cooper C, Lockwood SA. The association between water fluoridation and hip fracture among white women and men aged 65 years and older, Ann Epidemiol. 1992;2:617-626.
12. Cooper C, Wickham CA, Barker DJR, Jacobsen SJ. Water fluoridation and hip fracture [letter], JAMA. 1991;266:513-514.
13. Sowers MR, Clark MK, Jannausch ML, Wallace RB. A prospective study of bone mineral content and fracture in communities with differential fluoride exposure, Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133:649-660.
14. Baron JA, Barrett J, Malenka D, Fisher E, Kniffin W, Bubolz T, et al. Racial differences in fracture risk, Epidemiology. 1994;5:42-47.
15. Ray W, Griffin MR, Fought RL, Adams ML. Identification of fractures from computerized Medicare files, J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:703-714.
16. Hoover RN, Devesa SS, Cantor KP, Lubin JH, Fraumeni JF, Jr. Fluoridation of drinking water and subsequent cancer incidence and mortality. In: Review of Fluoride. Benefits and Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1991.
17. U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. Fluoridation census 1969. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970.
18. U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. Fluoridation census 1975. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.
19. U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. Fluoridation census 1980. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1984.
20. U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. Fluoridation census 1985. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.
21. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. IARC publication no. 82. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1987.
22. Brenner H, Savitz DA, Jöckel K-H, Greenland S. Effects of nondifferential exposure misclassification in ecologic studies, Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 135:85-95.
23. Kelsey JL, Browner WS, Seeley DG, Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Risk factors for fractures of the distal forearm and proximal humerus, Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:477-489.