The nature of rheumatogenic streptococci

Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine

Volumn 63, Issue 3-4, 1996, Pages 144-158

  Stollerman, Gene H ^a,b  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZATHINE PENICILLIN; PROCAINE PENICILLIN; SULFADIAZINE;

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PHARYNGITIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATIC FEVER; STREPTOCOCCUS;

HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; RHEUMATIC FEVER; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; UNITED STATES; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 0029897540     PISSN: 00272507     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Rantz LA, Boisvert PJ, Spink WW. Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. Arch Intern Med 1945; 76: 131-138.
2. Lancefield RC. Specific relationship of cell composition to biological activity of hemolytic streptococci. Harvey Lect 1941; 35:251.
3. Coburn AF. The factor of infection in the rheumatic state. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkens, 1931.
4. Todd EW. Antigenic streptococcal hemolysin. J Exp Med 1932; 55:267-280.
5. Coburn AF, Moore LV. The prophylactic use of sulfanilarnide in streptococcal respiratory infections, with special reference to rheumatic fever. J Clin Invest 1939; 18:147-155.
6. Thomas CB, France R. A preliminary report of the prophylactic use of sulfanilamide in patients susceptible to rheumatic fever. Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull 1939; 64:67-77.
7. Rammelkamp CH, Denny FW, Wannamaker LW. Studies on the epidemiology of rheumatic fever in the armed services. In: Thomas L, ed. Rheumatic fever. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1952: 72-89.
8. Stollerman GH, Rusoff JR. Prophylaxis against group A streptococcal infections in rheumatic fever patients. Use of a new repository penicillin. JAMA 1952; 150: 1571-1575.
9. Stollerman GH, Rusoff JH, Hirshfield I. Prophylaxis against group A streptococci in rheumatic fever. The use of single monthly injections of benzathine penicillin G. N Engl J Med 1955; 252:787-792.
10. Wood HF, Stollerman GH, Feinstein AR, et al. A controlled study of three methods of prophylaxis against streptococcal infection in a population of rheumatic children. N Engl J Med 1957; 106:345-356.
11. Chamovitz R, Catanzaro FJ, Stetson CA, et al. Prevention of rheumatic fever by treatment of previous streptococcal infections. 1. Evaluation of benzathine penicillin G. N Engl J Med 1954; 251:466-471.
12. Frank PF, Stollerman GH, Miller LF. Protection of a military population from rheumatic fever. JAMA 1965; 193:775-783.
13. Nelson JD, Mohs EA. Socioeconomic and behavioral residua of antibiotic therapy in infancy and childhood. In: Geraldoni Grassi G, Sabbath LD, eds. New trends in antibodies. New York: Elsevier/N. Holland Biomedical Press, 1981.
14. Taranta A, Stollerman GH. The relationship of Sydenham's chorea to infection with group A streptococci. Am J Med 1956; 20:170-175.
15. Taranta A. Relation of isolated recurrences of Sydenham's chorea to preceding streptococcal infections. N Engl J Med 1959; 260:1204-1210.
16. Johnson JC, Stollerman GH. Nephritogenic streptococci. Annu Rev Med 1969; 20:315-322.
17. Siegel AC, Johnson EE, Stollerman GH. Controlled studies of streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric population. 1. Factors related to the attack rate. N Engl J Med 1961; 265:559-566.
18. Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever and streptococcal infection. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1975.
19. Stollerman GH, Siegel AC, Johnson EE. Variable epidemiology of streptococcal disease and the changing pattern of rheumatic fever. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 1965; 34:45-48.
20. Coburn AF, Pauli RH. Studies on the immune response of the rheumatic subject and its relationship to activity of the rheumatic process. IV. Characteristics of strains of hemolytic streptococcus, effective and non-effective in initiating rheumatic activity. J Clin Invest 1935; 14:755-762.
21. Kuttner AG, Krumwiede E. Observations on the effect of streptococcal upper respiratory infections on rheumatic children. A three-year study. J Clin Invest 1941; 20:273-287.
22. Rammelkamp CH Jr., Weaver RS, Dingle JH. Significance of the epidemiological differences between acute nephritis and acute rheumatic fever. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1952; 65:168-175.
23. Bisno AL. The concept of rheumatogenic and non-rheumatogenic group A streptococci. In: Read SE, Zabriski JB, eds. Streptococcal diseases and the immune response. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1980: 789.
24. Bloomfield AL, Rantz LH. An outbreak of streptococci septic sore throat in an army camp. Clinical and epidemiologic observations. JAMA 1943; 121:315-319.
25. Dudding BA, Dillon HC, Wannamaker LW, et al. Postepidemic surveillance studies of a food-borne epidemic of streptococcal pharyngitis at the United States Air Force Academy. J Infect Dis 1969; 120:225-236.
26. Stollerman GH Nephritogenic and rheumatogenic group A streptococci. J Infect Dis 1969; 120:258-263.
27. Parker MT, Basset DCJ, Maxted WR, et al. Acute glomerulonephritis in Trinidad: Serological typing of group A streptococci. J Hyg 1968; 66:657-675.
28. Top FH, Wannamaker LW, Maxted WR, et al. M antigens among group A streptococci isolated from skin lesions. J Exp Med 1967; 126:667-685.
29. Wannamaker LW. Medical progress. Differences between streptococcal infections of the throat and of the skin. N Engl J Med 1970; 282:23,78.
30. Potter EV, Svartman M, Mohammed I, et al. Tropical acute rheumatic fever and associated streptococcal infections compared with concurrent acute glomerulonephritis. J Pediatr 1978; 92:325.
31. Widdowson JP, Maxted WR, Grant DL. The production of opacity in serum by group A streptococci and its relationship with the presence of M antigen. J Gen Microbiol 1970; 61:343-353.
32. Widdowson JP, Maxted WR, Grant DL, et al. The relationship between M antigen and opacity factor in group A streptococci. J Gen Microbiol 1971; 65:69-80.
33. Widdowson JP, Maxted WR, Notley CM, et al. Antibody responses in man to infection with different serotypes of group A streptococci. J Med Microbiol 1974; 7:483.
34. Maxted WR, Valkenburg HA. Variation in the M-antigen of group A streptococci. J Med Microbiol 1969; 2:199-210.
35. Bisno AL, Pearce IA, Wall HP, et al. Contrasting epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Nature of the antecedent streptococcal infection. N Engl J Med 1970; 283:561-565.
36. Bisno AL, Svartman M, Stollerman GH. Cross-reacting and monotypic T antigens of nephritogenic pyoderma streptococci: The type 56 system. J Immunol 1971; 106:1493-1498.
37. Land M, Bisno AL. Acute rheumatic fever: A vanishing disease in suburbia. JAMA 1983; 249:895.
38. Stollerman GH. Global changes in group A streptococcal diseases and strategies for their prevention. Adv Intern Med 1982; 27:373.
39. Holmberg SD, Faich FA. Streptococcal pharyngitis and acute rheumatic fever in Rhode Island. JAMA 1983; 250:2307-2312.
40. Stollerman GH. Rheumatogenic group A streptococci and the return of rheumatic fever Adv Intern Med 1990; 35:1-26.
41. Veasy LG, Wiedmeier SE, Garth SO, et al. Resurgence of acute rheumatic fever in the intermountain area of the United States. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:421.
42. Centers for Disease Control. Acute rheumatic fever - Utah. MMWR 1987; 36:108.
43. Kaplan EL, Johnson DR, Cleary PP. Group A streptococcal serotypes isolated from patients and sibling contacts during the resurgence of rheumatic fever in the United States in the mid-1980s. J Infect Dis 1989; 159: 101-103.
44. Schwartz B, Facklan RR, Breiman RF. Changing epidemiology of group A streptococcal infection in the USA. Lancet 1990; 336:1167-1171.
45. Johnson DR, Stevens DL, Kaplan EL. Epidemiologic analysis of group A streptococcal serotypes associated with severe systemic infections, rheumatic fever or uncomplicated pharyngitis. J Infect Dis 1992; 166:374-382.
46. Kaplan EL. Global assessment of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease at the close of the century. Circulation 1993; 88:1964-1972.
47. Cone LA, Woodard DR, Schlievert PM, et al. Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:146.
48. Kim YB, Watson DW. Streptococcal exotoxins: Biological and pathological properties. In: Wannamaker LW, Matsen JM, eds. Streptococci and streptococcal diseases. New York: Academic Press, 1972: 33-50.
49. Stollerman GH. The historical role of the Dick test. JAMA 1983; 250:3097-3099.
50. Stollerman GH. Changing group A streptococci. The reappearance of streptococcal 'toxic shock.' Arch Intern Med 1988; 148:1268.
51. Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J, et al. Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1-7.
52. Holm SE, Norrby A, Bergholm AM, Norgren M. Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, 1988-1989. J Infect Dis 1992; 166: 31-37.
53. Norrby-Teglund A, Newton D, Kotb M, Holm SE, Norgren M. Superantigenic properties of the group A streptococcal exotoxin SpeF (MF). Infect Immun 1994; 62:5227-5233.
54. Iwasaki M, Igarashi H, Hinuma Y, Yutsudo T. Cloning, characterization and overexpression of a Streptococcus pyogenes gene encoding a new type of mitogenic factor. FEBS Lett 1993; 331:187-192.
55. Schick B. Uber die Nachkrankheiten des Scharlach. Jahrb Kinderheik (Berlin) 1907; 65:132-175.
56. Hoge CW, Schwartz B, Talkington DF, et al. The changing epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections and the consequence of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. A retrospective population-based study. JAMA 1993; 269:384-389.
57. Bisno AL, Stevens DL. Streptococcal infections of skin and soft tissues. N Engl J Med 1995; 334:240-245.
58. Stollerman GH, Ekstedt RD. Long chain formation by strains of group A streptococci in the presence of homologous antiserum: A type-specific reaction. J Exp Med 1957; 106:345-356.
59. Rothbard S, Watson RF. Variation occurring in group A streptococci during human infection. Progressive loss of M substance correlated with increasing susceptibility to bacteriostasis. J Exp Med 1948; 87:521-533.
60. Krause RM, Rammelkamp CH Jr. Studies of the carrier stater following infection with group A streptococci. II. Infectivity of streptococci isolated during acute pharyngitis and during the carrier state. J Clin Invest 1962; 41:575-578.
61. Wilson AT. The relative importance of the capsule and the M antigen in determining colony form of group A streptococci. J Exp Med 1959; 109:257.
62. Bisno AL, Pearce IA, Stollerman GH. Streptococcal infections that fail to cause recurrences of rheumatic fever. J Infect Dis 1977; 136:278.
63. Berrios X, delCampo E, Guzman B, Bisno AL. Discontinuing rheumatic fever prophylaxis in selected adolescents and young adults: A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118:401-406.
64. Fox EN, Pachman LM, Wittner MK, et al. Primary immunization of infants and children with group A streptococcal M protein. J Infect Dis 1969; 120:598-604.
65. Potter EV, Stollerman GH, Siegel AC. Recall of type specific antibodies in man by injections of streptococcal cell walls. J Clin Invest 1962; 41:301-310.
66. Stollerman GH. Prospects for a vaccine against group A streptococci. The problem of the immunology of M proteins. Arthritis Rheum 1967; 10:245-255.
67. Kaplan MH, Svec KH. Immunologic relation of streptococcal and tissue antigens. III. Presence in human sera of streptococcal antibody cross reactive with heart tissue. Association with streptococcal infection, rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. J Exp Med 1964; 119:651-666.
68. Zabriskie JB, Freimer EH. An immunological relationship between the group A streptococcus and mammalian muscle J Exp Med 1966; 124:661-678.
69. Beachey EH, Stollerman GH. Mediation of cytotoxic effects of streptococcal M protein by nontype specific antibody in human sera. J Clin Invest 1973; 52:2563-2570.
70. Widdowson JP, Maxted WR, Pinney AM. An M-associated protein antigen (MAP) of group A streptococci. J Hyg (Camb) 1971; 69:553-564.
71. Vosti KL, Johnson RH, Dillon MF. Further characterization of purified fractions of M protein from a strain of group A type 12 streptococcus. J Immunol 1971; 107:104-114.
72. Beachey EH, Ofek I. Epithelial cell binding of group A streptococci by lipoteichoic acid on fimbriae denuded of M protein. J Exp Med 1976; 143:759.
73. Beachey EH, Campbell GL, Ofek I. Peptide digestion of streptococcal M protein. II. Extraction of M antigen from group A streptococci with pepsin. Infect Immun 1974; 9:891-896.
74. Swanson J, Hsu KC, Gotschlich EC. Electron microscopic studies on streptococci. I. M antigen J Exp Med 1969; 130:1063.
75. Beachey EH, Stollerman GH, Chiang EY, et al. Purification and properties of M protein extracted from group A streptococci with pepsin. Covalent structure of the amino terminal region of type 24 M antigen. J Exp Med 1977; 145:1469.
76. Beachey EH, Stollerman GH, Johnson RH, Ofek I, Bisno AL. Human immune response to immunization with a structurally defined polypeptide fragment of streptococcal M protein. J Exp Med 1979; 150:862-877.
77. Dale JB, Beachey EH. Protective antigenic determinant of streptococcal M protein shared with sarcolemmal membrane protein of human heart. J Exp Med 1982; 156:1165-1176.
78. Dale JB, Beachey EH. Multiple heart-cross-reactive epitopes of streptococcal M proteins. J Exp Med 1985; 161:113-176.
79. Phillips GN, Flicker PF, Cohen C, et al. Streptococcal M protein: Alpha-helical coiled-coil structure and arrangements on the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78:4689.
80. Manjula BN, Fischetti VA. Tropomyosin-like seven residue periodicity in three immunologically distinct streptococcal M proteins and its implications for the antiphagocytic property of the molecule. J Exp Med 1980; 151:695.
81. Hollingshead SK, Fischetti VA, Scott JR. Complete nucleotide sequence of type 6 M protein of the group A streptococcus. Repetitive structure and membrane anchor. J Biol Chem 1986; 261:1677-1686.
82. Bessen D, Jones KF, Fischetti VA. Evidence for two distinct classes of streptococcal M-protein and their relationship to rheumatic fever. J Exp Med 1989; 169:269-283.
83. Fischetti VA, Jones KF, Hollingshead SK, Scott JR. Structure, function and genetics of streptococcal M protein. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10 (Suppl 2):S356-S359.
84. Dale JB, Seyer JM, Beachey EH. Type-specific immunogenicity of a chemically synthesized peptide fragment of type 5 streptococcal M protein. J Exp Med 1983; 158:1727-1732.
85. 2-terminal region of type 6 streptococcal M protein. J Immunol 1986; 136:2287-2292.
86. Beachey EH, Bronze MS, Dale JB, Kraus W, Poirier TP, Sargent SJ. Protective and autoimmune epitopes of streptococcal M protein vaccine. Vaccine 1988; 6:192-196.
87. Dale JB, Beachey EH. Sequence of myosin-cross-reactive epitopes of streptococcal M protein. J Exp Med 1986; 164:1785-1790.
88. Cunningham MW, McCormack JM, Fenderson PG, Ho MK, Beachey EH, Dale JB. Human and murine antibodies cross-reactive with streptococcal M protein and myosin recognize the sequence GLN-LYS-SER-LYS-GLN in M protein. J Immunol 1989; 143:2677.
89. Krisher K, Cunningham MW. Myosin: A link between streptococci and heart. Science 1985; 227:413-415.
90. Baird RW, Bronze MS, Kraus W, Hill HR, Veasey LG, Dale JB. Epitopes of group A streptococcal M protein shared with antigens of articular cartilage and synovium. J Immunol 1991; 146:3132-3137.
91. Bronze MS, Dale JB. Epitopes of streptococcal M proteins that evoke antibodies that cross-react with human brain. J Immunol 1993; 151:2820-2828.
92. 2-terminal sequences of types 5, 6 and 24 M proteins synthesized in tandem. J Exp Med 1987; 166:647-656.
93. Dale JB, Chang EC, Lederer JW. Recombinant tetravalent group A streptococcal M protein vaccine. J Immunol 1993; 151:583-591.
94. Dale JB. Type-specific multivalent group A streptococcal M protein vaccines. In: Steven DL, Kaplan EL, eds. Streptococcal Infections. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
95. Bessen D, Fischetti VA. Influence of intranasal immunization with synthetic peptides corresponding to conserved epitopes of M protein on mucosal colonization by group A streptococci. Infect Immun 1988; 565: 2666-2672.
96. Dale JB, Chang EC. Intranasal immunization with recombinant group A streptococcal M protein fragment fused to the B subunit of Escherichia coli labile toxin protects mice against systemic challenge infections. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:1038-1041.
97. Hartas J, Goodfellow AM, Currie BS, Sriprakash KS. Characterization of group A streptococcal isolates from tropical Australia with high prevalence of rheumatic fever: Probing for signature sequences to identify members of the family of serotype 5. Microb Pathog 1995; 18:345-354.
98. Dajani AS, Bisno AL, Chung KJ, et al. Prevention of rheumatic fever: A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. Circulation 1988; 78:1082-1086.
99. Raz R, Elchanan G, Colodner R, et al. Penicillin V twice daily vs four times daily in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Infect Dis Clin Pract 1995; 4:50-54.
100. Stollerman GH. Penicillin for streptococcal pharyngitis: Has anything changed? Hosp Pract 1995; 30:80-83.
101. Picherero ME. Cephalosporins are superior to penicillin for the treatment of tonsillopharyngitis: Is the difference worth it? Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 123:268-274.
102. Stollerman GH. The global impact of penicillin: Then and now. Mt Sinai J Med 1993; 60(2):112-119.