Anatomy and physiology of saccadic long-lead burst neurons recorded in the alert squirrel monkey. II. Pontine neurons

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 76, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 353-370

  Scudder, Charles A ^a,c   Moschovakis, Adonis K ^a,b   Karabelas, Athanasios B ^a   Highstein, Stephen M ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

^c Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE;

ABDUCENS NERVE; ALERTNESS; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; NERVE ENDING; NERVE PROJECTION; NONHUMAN; PONS RETICULAR FORMATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETICULAR FORMATION; RETICULOSPINAL TRACT; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SENSORY NERVE; SQUIRREL MONKEY;

EID: 0029892964     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.353     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. ADAMS, J. C. Heavy metal intensification of DAB-based reaction product. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29: 775, 1981.
2. ASCHOFF, J. C. AND COHEN, B. Cerebellar ablations and spontaneous eye movements in monkey. Bibl. Ophthalmol. 82: 169-177, 1972.
3. BATINI, C., BUISSERET-DELMAS, C., CORVISIER, J., HARDY, O., AND JASSIN-GERSCHENFELD, D. Brain stem nuclei giving fibers to lobules VI and VII of the cerebellar vermis. Brain Res. 153: 241-261, 1978.
4. BATTON, R. R., JAYARAMAN, A., RUGGIERO, D., AND CARPENTER, M. B. Fastigial efferent projections in the monkey: an autoradiographic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 174: 281-306, 1977.
5. BLANKS, R. H. I., PRECHT, W., AND TORIGOE, Y. Afferent projections to the cerebellar flocculus in the pigmented rat demonstrated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Exp. Brain Res. 52: 293-306, 1983.
6. BRODAL, P. The projection from the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the cerebellum in the rhesus monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 38: 29-36, 1980.
7. BUTTNER-ENNEVER, J. A. AND BUTTNER, U. The reticular formation. In: Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor System, edited by J. A. Buttner-Ennever. New York: Elsevier, 1988, p. 119-176.
8. BUTTNER-ENNEVER, J. A., COHEN, B., PAUSE, M., AND FRIES, W. Raphe nucleus of the pons containing omnipause neurons of the oculomotor system in the monkey, and its homologue in man. J. Comp. Neurol. 267: 307-321, 1988.
9. BUTTNER-ENNEVER, J. A. AND HORN, A. K. E. Neuroanatomy of saccadic omnipause neurons in nucleus raphe interpositus. In: Contemporary Ocular Motor and Vestibular Research: A Tribute to David A. Robinson, edited by A. F. Fuchs, T. Brandt, U. Buttner, and D. S. Zee. New York: Thieme, 1994, p. 489-495.
10. COULTER, J. D., BOWKER, R. M., WISE, S. P., MURRAY, E. A., CASTIGLIONI, A. J., AND WESTLUND, K. N. Cortical, tectal and medullary descending pathways to the cervical spinal cord. Prog. Brain Res. 50: 263-274, 1979.
11. COWIE, R. J. AND ROBINSON, D. L. Subcortical contributions to head movements in macaques. I. Contrasting effects of electrical stimulation of the medial pontomedullary region and the superior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 72: 2648-2664, 1994.
12. COWIE, R. J., SMITH, M. K., AND ROBINSON, D. L. Subcortical contributions to head movements in macaques. II. Connections of a medial pontomedullary head-movement region. J. Neurophysiol. 72: 2665-2682, 1994.
13. CRANDALL, W. F. AND KELLER, E. L. Visual and oculomotor signals in nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in alert monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 54: 1326-1345, 1985.
14. CURTHOYS, I. S., NAKAO, S., AND MARKHAM, C. H. Cat medial pontine reticular neurons related to vestibular nystagmus: firing pattern, location and projection. Brain Res. 222: 75-94, 1981.
15. FREEDMAN, E. G. AND SPARKS, D. L. Response properties of saccade-related burst cells in the superior colliculus of the monkey during large, head un-restrained, gaze shifts. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 20: 142, 1994.
16. FUCHS, A. F., KANEKO, C. R. S., AND SCUDDER, C. A. Brainstem control of saccadic eye movements. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 8: 307-337, 1985.
17. FUKUSHIMA, K. The interstitial nucleus of Cajal and its role in the movements of the head and eyes. Prog. Neurobiol. 29: 107-192, 1987.
18. GRANTYN, A. AND BERTHOZ, A. Reticulo-spinal neurons participating in the control of synergic eye and head movements during orienting in the cat. I. Behavioral properties. Exp. Brain Res. 66: 339-354, 1987.
19. GRANTYN, A., ONG-MEANG JACQUES, V., AND BERTHOZ, A. Reticulo-spinal neurons participating in the control of synergic eye and head movements during orienting in the cat. II. Morphological properties as revealed by intro-axonal injections of horseradish peroxidase. Exp. Brain Res. 66: 355-377, 1987.
20. GUITTON, D., MUNOZ, D. P., AND GALIANA, H. L. Gaze control in the cat: studies and modeling of the coupling between orienting eye and head movements in different behavioral tasks. J. Neurophysiol. 64: 509-531, 1990.
21. HARRIS, L. R. The superior colliculus and movements of the head and eyes in cats. J. Physiol. Lond. 300: 367-391, 1980.
22. HARTING, J. K. Decending pathways from the superior colliculus: an autoradiographic analysis in the rhesus monkey (Maccaca mulatta). J. Comp. Neurol. 173: 583-612, 1977.
23. HEPP, K. AND HENN, V. Spatio-temporal receding of rapid eye movement signals in the monkey paramedian pontine reticular formation (P.P.R.F.). Exp. Brain Res. 52: 105-120, 1983.
24. HUERTA, M. F. AND HARTING, J. K. Tectal control of spinal cord activity, neuroanatomical demonstration of pathways connecting the superior colliculus with the cervical spinal cord grey. Prog. Brain Res. 57: 293-328, 1982.
25. HUERTA, M. F. AND KASS, J. H. Supplementary eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation: connections in macaques. J. Comp. Neurol. 293: 299-330, 1990.
26. HUERTA, M. F., KRUBITZER, L. A., AND KAAS, J. H. Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys. I. Subcortical connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 253: 415-439, 1986.
27. KASE, M., MILLER, D. C., AND NODA, H. Discharges of Purkinje cells and mossy fibers in the cerebellar vermis of the monkey during saccadic eye movements and fixations. J. Physiol. Lond. 300: 539-555, 1980.
28. KAWAMURA, K., BRODAL, A., AND HODDEVIK, G. The projection of the superior colliculus onto the reticular formation of the brainstem, an experimental anatomical study in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 19: 1-19, 1974.
29. KELLER, E. L. Participation of medial pontine reticular formation in eye movement generation in monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 37: 316-332, 1974.
30. KELLER, E. L. Colliculoreticular organization in the oculomotor system. Prog. Brain Res. 50: 725-734, 1979.
31. KING, W. M. AND FUCHS, A. F. Neural activity in the mesencephalon related to vertical eye movements. In: Control of Gaze by Brain Stem Neurons, edited by R. Baker and A. Berthoz. New York: Elsevier, 1977, p. 319-326.
32. LANGER, T. P., FUCHS, A. F., SCUDDER, C. A., AND CHUBB, M. C. Afferents to the flocculus of the cerebellum in rhesus macaques as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol. 235: 1-25, 1985.
33. LANGER, T. P. AND KANEKO, C. R. S. Brainstem afferents to the oculomotor omnipause neurons in the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 295: 413-427, 1990.
34. LEICHNETZ, G. R. AND GONZALO-RUIZ, A. Collateralization of frontal eye field (medial precentral/anterior cingulate) neurons projecting to the paraoculomotor region, superior colliculus, and medial pontine reticular formation in the rat: a fluorescent double-labeling study. Exp. Brain Res. 68: 355-364, 1987.
35. LEICHNETZ, G. R., SMITH, D. J., AND SPENCER, R. F. Cortical projections to the paramedian tegmental and basilar pons in the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 228: 388-408, 1984.
36. LING, L., FUCHS, A. F., AND KANEKO, C. R. S. Direction selectivity of pontine burst neurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 15: 238, 1989.
37. LUSCHEI, E. S. AND FUCHS, A. F. Activity of brainstem neurons during eye movements of alert monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 35: 445-461, 1972.
38. MAY, P. J. AND PORTER, J. D. The laminar distribution of macaque tectobulbar and tectospinal neurons. Visual Neurosci. 8: 257-276, 1992.
39. MCCREA, R. A. AND BAKER, R. Anatomical connections of the nucleus prepositus of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 237: 377-407, 1985.
40. MITSACOS, A., REISINE, H., AND HIGHSTEIN, S. M. The superior vestibular nucleus: an intracellular HRP study in the cat. II. Non-vestibulo-ocular neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 215: 92-107, 1983.
41. MOONEY, R. D., BENNET-CLARKE, C. A., KING, T. D., AND RHOADES, R. W. Tectospinal neurons in hamster contain glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Brain Res. 537: 375-380, 1990.
42. MOSCHOVAKIS, A. K. Neural network simulations of the primate oculomotor system. I. The vertical saccadic burst generator. Biol. Cybern. 70: 291-302, 1994.
43. MOSCHOVAKIS, A. K. AND HIGHSTEIN, S. M. The anatomy and physiology of primate neurons that control rapid eye movements. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17: 465-488, 1994.
44. MUNOZ, D. P. AND GUITTON, D. Control of orienting gaze shifts by the tectoreticulospinal system in the head-free cat. II. Sustained discharges during motor preparation and fixation. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 1624-1641, 1991.
45. MUNOZ, D. P., GUITTON, D., AND PELISSON, D. Control of orienting gaze shifts by the tectoreticulospinal system in the head-free cat. III. Spatio-temporal characteristics of phasic motor discharges. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 1642-1666, 1991.
46. MUNOZ, D. P. AND WURTZ, R. H. Fixation cells in monkey superior colliculus. I. Characteristics of cell discharge. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 559-575, 1993a.
47. MUNOZ, D. P. AND WURTZ, R. H. Fixation cells in monkey superior colliculus. II. Reversible activation and deactivation. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 576-589, 1993b.
48. NAKAO, S., CURTHOYS, I. S., AND MARKHAM, C. H. Eye movement related neurons in the cat pontine reticular formation: projection to the flocculus. Brain Res. 183: 291-299, 1980.
49. NODA, H., SUGITA, S., AND IKEDA, Y. Afferent and efferent connections of the oculomotor region of the fastigial nucleus in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 302: 330-348, 1990.
50. NODA, H. AND SUZUKI, D. A. Processing of eye movement signals in the flocculus of the monkey. J. Physiol. Lond. 294: 349-364, 1979.
51. NUDO, R. J. AND MASTERTON, R. B. Decending pathways to the spinal cord: a comparative study of 22 mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 277: 53-79, 1988.
52. NUDO, R. J. AND MASTERTON, R. B. Descending pathways to the spinal-cord. II. Quantitative study of the tectospinal tract in 23 mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 286: 96-119, 1989.
53. OHTSUKA, K. AND NODA, H. Burst discharges of mossy fibers in the oculomotor vermis of macaque monkeys during saccadic eye movements. Neurosci. Res. 15: 102-114, 1992.
54. OPTICAN, L. M. Control of the trajectory of saccadic eye movements implied by a computational field theory of the superior colliculus. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 20: 141, 1994a.
55. OPTICAN, L. M. Control of saccadic trajectory by the superior colliculus. In: Contemporary Ocular Moror and Vestibular Research: A Tribute to David A. Robinson, edited by A. F. Fuchs, T. Brandt, U. Buttner, and D. S. Zee. New York: Thieme, 1994b, p. 99-105.
56. OPTICAN, L. M. AND ROBINSON, D. A. Cerebellar-dependent adaptive control of primate saccadic system. J. Neurophysiol. 44: 1058-1076, 1980.
57. PARE, M., CROMMELINCK, M., AND GUITTON, D. Gaze shifts evoked by stimulation of the superior colliculus in the head-free cat conform to the motor map but also depend on stimulus strength and fixation activity. Exp. Brain Res. 101: 123-139, 1994.
58. PARE, M. AND GUITTON, D. The fixation area of the cat superior colliculus: effects of electrical stimulation and direct connection with brainstem omnipause neurons. Exp. Brain Res. 101: 109-122, 1994.
59. PETERSON, B. W. AND FUKUSHIMA, K. The reticulospinal mechanism and its role in generating vestibular and visuomotor reflexes. In: Brain Stem Control of Spinal Mechanisms, edited by B. Sjolund and A. Bjorklund. New York: Elsevier, 1982, p. 225-251.
60. RAYBOURN, M. S. AND KELLER, E. L. Colliculoreticular organization in primate oculomotor system. J. Neurophysiol. 40: 861-878, 1977.
61. RITCHIE, L. Effects of cerebellar lesions on saccadic eye movements. J. Neurophysiol. 39: 1246-1256, 1976.
62. ROBINSON, D. A. Oculomotor control signals. In: Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and their Clinical Implications, edited by G. Lennerstrand and P. Bach-y-Rita. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1975, p. 337-374.
63. ROBINSON, F. R., STRAUBE, A., AND FUCHS, A. F. Role of the caudal fastigial nucleus in saccade generation. II. Effects of muscimol inactivation. J. Neurophysiol. 1741-1758, 1993.
64. ROUCOUX, A., GUITTON, D., AND CROMMELINCK, M. Stilulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat. II. Eye and head movement evoked when the head is unrestrained. Exp. Brain Res. 39: 75-85, 1980.
65. SCHNYDER, H., REISINE, H., HEPP, K., AND HENN, V. Frontal eye field projection to the paramedian pontine reticular formation traced with wheat germ agglutinin in the monkey. Brain Res. 329: 151-160, 1985.
66. SCUDDER, C. A. A new local feedback model of the saccadic burst generator. J. Neurophysiol. 59: 1455-1475, 1988.
67. SCUDDER, C. A., FUCHS, A. F., AND LANGER, T. P. Characteristics and functional identification of saccadic inhibitory burst neurons in the alert monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 59: 1430-1454, 1988.
68. SCUDDER, C. A., HIGHSTEIN, S. M., KARABELAS, A. B., AND MOSCHOVAKIS, A. K. Anatomy and physiology of long-lead burst neurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 15: 238, 1989.
69. SCUDDER, C. A., MOSCHOVAKIS, A. K., KARABELAS, A. B., AND HIGHSTEIN, S. M. Anatomy and physiology of saccadic long-lead burst neurons recorded in the alert squirrel monkey. I. Descending projections from the mesencephalon. J. Neurophysiol. 76: 332-352, 1996.
70. SOMANA, R. AND WALBERG, F. Cerebellar afferents from the paramedian reticular nucleus studied with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Anat. Embryol. 154: 353-368, 1978.
71. SPARKS, D. L. Translation of sensory signals into commands for control of saccadic eye movements: role of primate superior colliculus. Physiol. Rev. 66: 118-171, 1986.
72. STANTON, G. B., GOLDBERG, M. E., AND BRUCE, C. J. Frontal eye field efferents in the macaque monkey. II. Topography of terminal fields in the midbrain and pons. J. Comp. Neurol. 271: 493-506, 1988.
73. STRASSMAN, A., HIGHSTEIN, S. M., AND MCCREA, R. A. Anatomy and physiology of saccadic burst neurons in the alert squirrel monkey. I. Excitatory burst neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 249: 337-357, 1986a.
74. STRASSMAN, A., HIGHSTEIN, S. M., AND MCCREA, R. A. Anatomy and physiology of saccadic burst neurons in the alert squirrel monkey. II. Inhibitory burst neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 249: 358-380, 1986b.
75. TABER-PIERCE, E., HODDEVIK, G. H., AND WALBERG, F. The cerebellar projection from the raphe nuclei in the cat as studied with the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Anat. Embryol. 152: 73-87, 1977.
76. THIELERT, C.-D. AND THIER, P. Patterns of projections from the pontine nuclei and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the posterior vermis in the rhesus monkey: a study using retrograde tracers. J. Comp. Neurol. 337: 113-126, 1993.
77. VAN GISBERGEN, J. A. M. AND VAN OPSTAL, A. J. Models. In: The Neurobiology of Saccadic Eye Movements, edited by D. A. Robinson and H. Collewijn. New York: Elsevier, 1989. p. 69-101.
78. WAITZMAN, D. M., MA, T. P., OPTICAN, L. M., AND WURTZ, R. H. Superior colliculus neurons mediate the dynamic characteristics of saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 1716-1737, 1991.
79. WURTZ, W. AND ALBANO, J. E. Visual-motor function of the primate superior colliculus. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 3: 189-226, 1980.
80. YAMADA, J. AND NODA, H. Afferent and efferent connections of the oculomotor cerebellar verrais in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 265: 224-241, 1987.