메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 3923-3933

Oncogenic ras activation of Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathways is sufficient to cause tumorigenic transformation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; RAF PROTEIN; RAS PROTEIN;

EID: 0029890896     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.16.7.3923     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (330)

References (90)
  • 4
    • 0024564417 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and expression of the human rhoH12 gene product
    • Avraham, H., and R. A. Weinberg. 1989. Characterization and expression of the human rhoH12 gene product. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2058-2066.
    • (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 2058-2066
    • Avraham, H.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 5
    • 0022470480 scopus 로고
    • Induction of membrane ruffling and fluid-phase pinocytosis in quiescent fibroblasts by ras proteins
    • Bar-Sagi, D., and J. R. Feramisco. 1986. Induction of membrane ruffling and fluid-phase pinocytosis in quiescent fibroblasts by ras proteins. Science 233:1061-1068.
    • (1986) Science , vol.233 , pp. 1061-1068
    • Bar-Sagi, D.1    Feramisco, J.R.2
  • 6
    • 0027732538 scopus 로고
    • Proteins regulating Ras and its relatives
    • Boguski, M. S., and F. McCormick. 1993. Proteins regulating Ras and its relatives. Nature (London) 366:643-654.
    • (1993) Nature (London) , vol.366 , pp. 643-654
    • Boguski, M.S.1    McCormick, F.2
  • 8
    • 0029102080 scopus 로고
    • RAS signalling is abnormal in a c-raf1 MEK1 double mutant
    • Bottorff, D., S. Stang, S. Agellon, and J. C. Stone. 1995. RAS signalling is abnormal in a c-raf1 MEK1 double mutant. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:5113-5122.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 5113-5122
    • Bottorff, D.1    Stang, S.2    Agellon, S.3    Stone, J.C.4
  • 9
    • 0025010979 scopus 로고
    • The GTPase superfamily: A conserved switch for diverse cell functions
    • Bourne, H. R., D. A. Sanders, and F. McCormick. 1990. The GTPase superfamily: a conserved switch for diverse cell functions. Nature (London) 348:125-132.
    • (1990) Nature (London) , vol.348 , pp. 125-132
    • Bourne, H.R.1    Sanders, D.A.2    McCormick, F.3
  • 10
    • 0027937264 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative interaction of S. pombe proteins required for mating and morphogenesis
    • Chang, E. C., M. Barr, Y. Wang, V. Jung, H.-P. Xu, and M. H. Wigler. 1994. Cooperative interaction of S. pombe proteins required for mating and morphogenesis. Cell 79:131-141.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 131-141
    • Chang, E.C.1    Barr, M.2    Wang, Y.3    Jung, V.4    Xu, H.-P.5    Wigler, M.H.6
  • 11
    • 0028915743 scopus 로고
    • GTPase cascades choreographing cellular behavior: Movement, morphogenesis and more
    • Chant, J., and L. Stowers. 1995. GTPase cascades choreographing cellular behavior: movement, morphogenesis and more. Cell 81:1-4.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 1-4
    • Chant, J.1    Stowers, L.2
  • 13
    • 0029055812 scopus 로고
    • The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway
    • Coso, O. A., M. Chiariello, J.-C. Yu, H. Teramoto, P. Crespo, N. Xu, T. Miki, and J. S. Gutkind. 1995. The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway. Cell 81:1137-1146.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 1137-1146
    • Coso, O.A.1    Chiariello, M.2    Yu, J.-C.3    Teramoto, H.4    Crespo, P.5    Xu, N.6    Miki, T.7    Gutkind, J.S.8
  • 14
    • 0028228616 scopus 로고
    • Activation of MAP kinase kinase is necessary and sufficient for PC12 differentiation and for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells
    • Cowley, S., H. Paterson, P. Kemp, and C. J. Marshall. 1994. Activation of MAP kinase kinase is necessary and sufficient for PC12 differentiation and for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Cell 77:841-852.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 841-852
    • Cowley, S.1    Paterson, H.2    Kemp, P.3    Marshall, C.J.4
  • 15
    • 0029097751 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Ras protein expression in mammalian cells
    • Cox, A. D., P. A. Solski, J. D. Jordan, and C. J. Der. 1995. Analysis of Ras protein expression in mammalian cells. Methods Enzymol. 255:195-221.
    • (1995) Methods Enzymol. , vol.255 , pp. 195-221
    • Cox, A.D.1    Solski, P.A.2    Jordan, J.D.3    Der, C.J.4
  • 16
    • 0026641090 scopus 로고
    • Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase by v-Raf in NIH 3T3 cells and in vitro
    • Dent, P., W. Haser, T. A. J. Haystead, L. A. Vincent, T. M. Roberts, and T. W. Sturgill. 1992. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase by v-Raf in NIH 3T3 cells and in vitro. Science 257:1404-1407.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 1404-1407
    • Dent, P.1    Haser, W.2    Haystead, T.A.J.3    Vincent, L.A.4    Roberts, T.M.5    Sturgill, T.W.6
  • 17
    • 0022471217 scopus 로고
    • Biological and biochemical properties of human rasH genes mutated at codon 61
    • Der, C. J., T. Finkel, and G. M. Cooper. 1986. Biological and biochemical properties of human rasH genes mutated at codon 61. Cell 44:167-176.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.44 , pp. 167-176
    • Der, C.J.1    Finkel, T.2    Cooper, G.M.3
  • 18
    • 0026679892 scopus 로고
    • Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the sevenless signal transduction pathway
    • Dickson, B., F. Sprenger, D. Morrison, and E. Hafen. 1992. Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the sevenless signal transduction pathway. Nature (London) 360:600-603.
    • (1992) Nature (London) , vol.360 , pp. 600-603
    • Dickson, B.1    Sprenger, F.2    Morrison, D.3    Hafen, E.4
  • 19
    • 0026760422 scopus 로고
    • Rac and rho in tune
    • Downward, J. 1992. Rac and rho in tune. Nature (London) 359:273-274.
    • (1992) Nature (London) , vol.359 , pp. 273-274
    • Downward, J.1
  • 21
    • 0027422247 scopus 로고
    • The pathway to signal achievement
    • Egan, S. E., and R. A. Weinberg. 1993. The pathway to signal achievement. Nature (London) 365:781-783.
    • (1993) Nature (London) , vol.365 , pp. 781-783
    • Egan, S.E.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 22
    • 0027364980 scopus 로고
    • Critical tyrosine residues regulate the enzymatic and biological activity of Raf-1 kinase
    • Fabian, J. R., I. O. Daar, and D. K. Morrison. 1993. Critical tyrosine residues regulate the enzymatic and biological activity of Raf-1 kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:7170-7179.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 7170-7179
    • Fabian, J.R.1    Daar, I.O.2    Morrison, D.K.3
  • 23
    • 0027215221 scopus 로고
    • The many roads that lead to Ras
    • Feig, L. A. 1993. The many roads that lead to Ras. Science 260:767-768.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 767-768
    • Feig, L.A.1
  • 24
    • 0023715225 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of NIH 3T3 cell proliferation by a mutant ras protein with preferential affinity for GDP
    • Feig, L. A., and G. M. Cooper. 1988. Inhibition of NIH 3T3 cell proliferation by a mutant ras protein with preferential affinity for GDP. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3235-3243.
    • (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 3235-3243
    • Feig, L.A.1    Cooper, G.M.2
  • 25
    • 0025373180 scopus 로고
    • Ras and GAP - Who's controlling whom?
    • Hall, A. 1990. ras and GAP - who's controlling whom? Cell 61:921-923.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 921-923
    • Hall, A.1
  • 26
    • 0027587322 scopus 로고
    • Ras-related proteins
    • Hall, A. 1993. Ras-related proteins. Curr. Biol. 5:265-268.
    • (1993) Curr. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 265-268
    • Hall, A.1
  • 27
    • 0028859266 scopus 로고
    • A human protein selected for interference with Ras function interacts directly with Ras and competes with Rafl
    • Han, L., and J. Colicelli. 1995. A human protein selected for interference with Ras function interacts directly with Ras and competes with Rafl. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1318-1323.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 1318-1323
    • Han, L.1    Colicelli, J.2
  • 28
    • 0027263251 scopus 로고
    • C. elegans lin-45 raf gene participates in let-60 ras-stimulated vulval differentiation
    • Han, M., A. Golden, Y. Han, and P. W. Sternberg. 1993. C. elegans lin-45 raf gene participates in let-60 ras-stimulated vulval differentiation. Nature (London) 363:133-140.
    • (1993) Nature (London) , vol.363 , pp. 133-140
    • Han, M.1    Golden, A.2    Han, Y.3    Sternberg, P.W.4
  • 29
    • 0029128482 scopus 로고
    • Ras-mediated transcription activation: Analysis by transient cotransfection assays
    • Hauser, C. A., J. K. Westwick, and L. A. Quilliam. 1995. Ras-mediated transcription activation: analysis by transient cotransfection assays. Methods Enzymol. 255:412-426.
    • (1995) Methods Enzymol. , vol.255 , pp. 412-426
    • Hauser, C.A.1    Westwick, J.K.2    Quilliam, L.A.3
  • 30
    • 0027191808 scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis of a growth factor-responsive transcription factor complex
    • Hill, C. S., R. Marais, S. John, J. Wynne, S. Dalton, and R. Treisman. 1993 Functional analysis of a growth factor-responsive transcription factor complex. Cell 73:385-406.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 385-406
    • Hill, C.S.1    Marais, R.2    John, S.3    Wynne, J.4    Dalton, S.5    Treisman, R.6
  • 31
    • 0028897113 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulation by extracellular signals: Mechanisms and specificity
    • Hill, C. S., and R. Treisman. 1995. Transcriptional regulation by extracellular signals: mechanisms and specificity. Cell 80:199-211.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 199-211
    • Hill, C.S.1    Treisman, R.2
  • 32
    • 0029015774 scopus 로고
    • The Rho family GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42Hs regulate transcriptional activation by SRF
    • Hill, C. S., J. Wynne, and R. Treisman. 1995. The Rho family GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42Hs regulate transcriptional activation by SRF. Cell 81:1159-1170.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 1159-1170
    • Hill, C.S.1    Wynne, J.2    Treisman, R.3
  • 33
    • 0028153277 scopus 로고
    • Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator
    • Hofer, F., S. Fields, C. Schneider, and G. S. Martin. 1994. Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11089-11093.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 11089-11093
    • Hofer, F.1    Fields, S.2    Schneider, C.3    Martin, G.S.4
  • 35
    • 0028075246 scopus 로고
    • Dbl and Vav mediate transformation via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways that are distinct from those activated by oncogenic Ras
    • Khosravi-Far, R., M. Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, P. A. Solski, A. Eva, K. Burridge, and C. J. Der. 1994. Dbl and Vav mediate transformation via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways that are distinct from those activated by oncogenic Ras. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6848-6857.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 6848-6857
    • Khosravi-Far, R.1    Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, M.2    Solski, P.A.3    Eva, A.4    Burridge, K.5    Der, C.J.6
  • 37
    • 0028800305 scopus 로고
    • Activation of Rac1, RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases is required for Ras transformation
    • Khosravi-Far, R., P. A. Solski, G. J. Clark, M. S. Kinch, and C. J. Der. 1995. Activation of Rac1, RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases is required for Ras transformation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:6443-6453.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 6443-6453
    • Khosravi-Far, R.1    Solski, P.A.2    Clark, G.J.3    Kinch, M.S.4    Der, C.J.5
  • 39
    • 0025979335 scopus 로고
    • Raf-1 protein kinase is required for growth of induced NIH/3T3 cells
    • Kolch, W., G. Heidecker, P. Lloyd, and U. R. Rapp. 1991. Raf-1 protein kinase is required for growth of induced NIH/3T3 cells. Nature (London) 349:426-428.
    • (1991) Nature (London) , vol.349 , pp. 426-428
    • Kolch, W.1    Heidecker, G.2    Lloyd, P.3    Rapp, U.R.4
  • 42
    • 0027215820 scopus 로고
    • A divergence in the MAP kinase regulatory network defined by MEK kinase and Raf
    • Lange-Carter, C. A., C. M. Pleiman, A. M. Gardner, K. J. Blumer, and G. L. Johnson. 1993. A divergence in the MAP kinase regulatory network defined by MEK kinase and Raf. Science 260:315-319.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 315-319
    • Lange-Carter, C.A.1    Pleiman, C.M.2    Gardner, A.M.3    Blumer, K.J.4    Johnson, G.L.5
  • 43
    • 0028272507 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane
    • Leevers, S. J., H. F. Paterson, and C. J. Marshall. 1994. Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature (London) 369:411-414.
    • (1994) Nature (London) , vol.369 , pp. 411-414
    • Leevers, S.J.1    Paterson, H.F.2    Marshall, C.J.3
  • 44
    • 0028292062 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and molecular analyses of mutations involved in Drosophila raf signal transduction
    • Lu, X., M. B. Melnick, J. Hsu, and N. Perrimon. 1994 Genetic and molecular analyses of mutations involved in Drosophila raf signal transduction. EMBO J. 13:2592-2599.
    • (1994) EMBO J. , vol.13 , pp. 2592-2599
    • Lu, X.1    Melnick, M.B.2    Hsu, J.3    Perrimon, N.4
  • 46
    • 0027297647 scopus 로고
    • The SRF accessory protein Elk-1 contains a growth factor-regulated transcriptional activation domain
    • Marais, R., J. Wynne, and R. Treisman. 1993. The SRF accessory protein Elk-1 contains a growth factor-regulated transcriptional activation domain. Cell 73:381-393.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 381-393
    • Marais, R.1    Wynne, J.2    Treisman, R.3
  • 47
    • 0028872649 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation
    • Marshall, C. J. 1995. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Cell 80:179-185.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 179-185
    • Marshall, C.J.1
  • 49
    • 0029070887 scopus 로고
    • Selective activation of the JNK signaling cascade and c-Jun transcriptional activity by the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42Hs
    • Minden, A., A. Lin, F.-X. Claret, A. Abo, and M. Karin. 1995. Selective activation of the JNK signaling cascade and c-Jun transcriptional activity by the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42Hs. Cell 81:1147-1157.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 1147-1157
    • Minden, A.1    Lin, A.2    Claret, F.-X.3    Abo, A.4    Karin, M.5
  • 50
    • 0027337519 scopus 로고
    • Complexes of Ras-GTP with Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
    • Moodie, S. A., B. M. Willumsen, M. J. Weber, and A. Wolfman. 1993. Complexes of Ras-GTP with Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Science 260:1658-1661.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1658-1661
    • Moodie, S.A.1    Willumsen, B.M.2    Weber, M.J.3    Wolfman, A.4
  • 51
    • 0028096233 scopus 로고
    • The 3 Rs of life: Ras. Raf and growth regulation
    • Moodie, S. A., and A. Wolfman. 1994. The 3 Rs of life: Ras. Raf and growth regulation. Trends Genet. 10:14-18.
    • (1994) Trends Genet. , vol.10 , pp. 14-18
    • Moodie, S.A.1    Wolfman, A.2
  • 52
    • 85033822486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Raf/MAP kinase cascade is not sufficient for Ras transformation of R1E epithelial cells
    • in press
    • Oldham, S. M., G. J. Clark, L. M. Gangarosa, R. J. Coffey, and C. J. Der. Activation of the Raf/MAP kinase cascade is not sufficient for Ras transformation of R1E epithelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, in press.
    • Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
    • Oldham, S.M.1    Clark, G.J.2    Gangarosa, L.M.3    Coffey, R.J.4    Der, C.J.5
  • 59
    • 0000552751 scopus 로고
    • The GTPase Rac1 controls cell proliferation and cooperates with the MAP kinase pathway in fibroblast transformation
    • Qiu, R.-G., F. McCormick, and M. Symons. 1995. The GTPase Rac1 controls cell proliferation and cooperates with the MAP kinase pathway in fibroblast transformation. Nature (London) 374:457-459.
    • (1995) Nature (London) , vol.374 , pp. 457-459
    • Qiu, R.-G.1    McCormick, F.2    Symons, M.3
  • 61
    • 0028356516 scopus 로고
    • Elk-1 proteins interact with MAP kinases
    • Rao, V. N., and S. P. Reddy. 1994. elk-1 proteins interact with MAP kinases. Oncogene 9:1855-1860.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 1855-1860
    • Rao, V.N.1    Reddy, S.P.2
  • 62
    • 0028965111 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical analysis of MEK activation in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
    • Reuter, C. W. M., A. D. Catling, T. Jelinek, and M. J. Weber. 1995. Biochemical analysis of MEK activation in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 270:7644-7655.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 7644-7655
    • Reuter, C.W.M.1    Catling, A.D.2    Jelinek, T.3    Weber, M.J.4
  • 63
    • 0026778133 scopus 로고
    • The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors
    • Ridley, A. J., and A. Hall. 1992. The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors. Cell 70:389-399.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 389-399
    • Ridley, A.J.1    Hall, A.2
  • 64
    • 0026654125 scopus 로고
    • The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling
    • Ridley, A. J., H. F. Paterson, C. L. Johnston, D. Diekmann, and A. Hall. 1992. The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. Cell 70:401-410.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 401-410
    • Ridley, A.J.1    Paterson, H.F.2    Johnston, C.L.3    Diekmann, D.4    Hall, A.5
  • 65
    • 0027117408 scopus 로고
    • A signal chain of events
    • Roberts, T. M. 1992. A signal chain of events. Nature (London) 360:534-535.
    • (1992) Nature (London) , vol.360 , pp. 534-535
    • Roberts, T.M.1
  • 67
    • 0029077563 scopus 로고
    • Direct interaction between Ras and the kinase domain of mitogen-activited protein kinase kinase kinase (MEKK1)
    • Russell, M., C. A. Lange-Carter, and G. L. Johnson. 1995. Direct interaction between Ras and the kinase domain of mitogen-activited protein kinase kinase kinase (MEKK1). J. Biol. Chem. 270:11757-11760.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 11757-11760
    • Russell, M.1    Lange-Carter, C.A.2    Johnson, G.L.3
  • 69
    • 0027279176 scopus 로고
    • How receptor tyrosine kinases activate Ras
    • Schlessinger, J. 1993. How receptor tyrosine kinases activate Ras. Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:273-275.
    • (1993) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 273-275
    • Schlessinger, J.1
  • 70
    • 0027470176 scopus 로고
    • Different structural organization of Ras and Rho effector domains
    • Self, A. J., H. F. Paterson, and A. Hall. 1993. Different structural organization of Ras and Rho effector domains. Oncogene 8:655-661.
    • (1993) Oncogene , vol.8 , pp. 655-661
    • Self, A.J.1    Paterson, H.F.2    Hall, A.3
  • 72
    • 0022472990 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for c-ras proteins during viral oncogene transformation
    • Smith, M. R., S. J. DeGudicibus, and D. W. Stacey. 1986. Requirement for c-ras proteins during viral oncogene transformation. Nature (London) 320: 540-543.
    • (1986) Nature (London) , vol.320 , pp. 540-543
    • Smith, M.R.1    Degudicibus, S.J.2    Stacey, D.W.3
  • 73
    • 0028577298 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras and Rap
    • Spaargaren, M., and J. R. Bischoff. 1994. Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras and Rap. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12609-12613.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12609-12613
    • Spaargaren, M.1    Bischoff, J.R.2
  • 74
    • 0024545162 scopus 로고
    • Definition of the human raf amino-terminal regulatory region by deletion mutagenesis
    • Stanton, V. P., Jr., D. W. Nichols, A. P. Laudano, and G. M. Cooper. 1989. Definition of the human raf amino-terminal regulatory region by deletion mutagenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:639-647.
    • (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 639-647
    • Stanton Jr., V.P.1    Nichols, D.W.2    Laudano, A.P.3    Cooper, G.M.4
  • 75
    • 0028241533 scopus 로고
    • Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane
    • Stokoe, D., S. G. Macdonald, K. Cadwallader, M. Symons, and J. F. Hancock. 1994. Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane. Science 264:1463-1467.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1463-1467
    • Stokoe, D.1    Macdonald, S.G.2    Cadwallader, K.3    Symons, M.4    Hancock, J.F.5
  • 79
    • 0027250250 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf
    • Vojtek, A. B., S. M. Hollenberg, and J. A. Cooper. 1993. Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Cell 74:205-214.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 205-214
    • Vojtek, A.B.1    Hollenberg, S.M.2    Cooper, J.A.3
  • 80
    • 0027200883 scopus 로고
    • Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro
    • Warne, P. H., P. R. Viciana, and J. Downward. 1993. Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro. Nature (London) 364: 352-355.
    • (1993) Nature (London) , vol.364 , pp. 352-355
    • Warne, P.H.1    Viciana, P.R.2    Downward, J.3
  • 81
    • 0024513104 scopus 로고
    • Expression of raf oncogenes activates the PEA1 transcription factor motif
    • Wasylyk, C., B. Wasylyk, G. Heidecker, M. Huleihel, and U. R. Rapp. 1989. Expression of raf oncogenes activates the PEA1 transcription factor motif. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2247-2250.
    • (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 2247-2250
    • Wasylyk, C.1    Wasylyk, B.2    Heidecker, G.3    Huleihel, M.4    Rapp, U.R.5
  • 82
    • 0028201023 scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic Ras activates c-Jun via a separate pathway from the activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases
    • Westwick, J. K., A. D. Cox, C. J. Der, M. H. Cobb, M. Hibi, M. Karin, and D. A. Brenner. 1994. Oncogenic Ras activates c-Jun via a separate pathway from the activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6033-6034.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 6033-6034
    • Westwick, J.K.1    Cox, A.D.2    Der, C.J.3    Cobb, M.H.4    Hibi, M.5    Karin, M.6    Brenner, D.A.7
  • 83
    • 0028130213 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates AP-1 activity through prolonged activation of the c-Jun kinase
    • Westwick, J. K., C. Weitzel, A. Minden, M. Karin, and D. A. Brenner. 1994. Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates AP-1 activity through prolonged activation of the c-Jun kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269:26396-26401.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 26396-26401
    • Westwick, J.K.1    Weitzel, C.2    Minden, A.3    Karin, M.4    Brenner, D.A.5
  • 88
    • 3142532865 scopus 로고
    • Missing links between receptors and Ras
    • Williams, L. T. 1992. Missing links between receptors and Ras. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2:601-603.
    • (1992) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 601-603
    • Williams, L.T.1
  • 90
    • 0028329630 scopus 로고
    • Activation of MEK family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved Ser/Thr residues
    • Zheng, C.-F., and K.-L. Guan. 1994. Activation of MEK family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved Ser/Thr residues. EMBO J. 13:1123-1131.
    • (1994) EMBO J. , vol.13 , pp. 1123-1131
    • Zheng, C.-F.1    Guan, K.-L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.