Assessment of dimethylxanthine formation from caffeine in healthy adults: Comparison between plasma and saliva concentrations and urinary excretion of metabolites

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 259-268

  Rodopoulos, N ^a   Norman, A ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Capillary electrophoresis; High performance liquid chromatography; Paraxanthine; Theobromine; theophylline; Ultrafiltrate

Indexed keywords

1,3,7 TRIMETHYLURIC ACID; CAFFEINE; DRUG METABOLITE; PARAXANTHINE; THEOBROMINE; THEOPHYLLINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SALIVA LEVEL; DRUG URINE LEVEL; FEMALE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS;

EID: 0029890649     PISSN: 00365513     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00365519609088615     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Gu L, Gonzalez FJ, Kalow W, Tang BK. Biotransformation of caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline by cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. Pharmacogenetics 1992; 2: 73-7.
2. Fuhr U, Doehmer J, Battula N, Wölfel C, Flick I, Kudla C, et al. Biotransformation of methylxanthines in mammalian cell lines genetically engineered for expression of single cytochrome P450 isoforms. Allocation of metabolic pathways to isoforms and inhibitory effects of quinolones. Toxicology 1993; 82: 169-89.
3. Tassaneeyakul W, Birkett DJ, McManus ME, Tassaneeyakul W, Veronese ME, Andersson T, et al. Caffeine metabolism by human hepatic cytochromes P450: contribution of 1A2, 2E1 and 3A isoforms. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47; 1767-76.
4. Lelo A, Miners JO, Robson RA, Birkett DJ. Quantitative assessment of caffeine partial clearance in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 22: 183-6.
5. Carrier O, Pons G, Rey E, Richard MO, Moran C, Badoual J, et al. Maturation of caffeine metabolic pathways in infancy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988; 44: 145-51.
6. Lelo A, Birkett DJ, Robson A, Miners JO. Comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its primary demethylated metabolites paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 22: 177-82.
7. Bonati M, Latini R, Galletti F, Young JF, Tognoni G, Garattini S. Caffeine disposition after oral doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982; 32: 98-106.
8. Tang-Liu D-S, Williams RL, Riegelman S. Disposition of caffeine and its metabolites in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983; 224: 180-5.
9. Lelo A, Miners JO, Robson R, Birkett DJ. Assessment of caffeine exposure: caffeine content of beverages, caffeine intake, and plasma concentrations of methylxanthines. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 39: 54-9.
10. Callahan MM, Robertson RS, Branfman AR, McComish MF, Yesair DW. Comparison of caffeine metabolism in three nonsmoking populations after oral administration of radiolabeled caffeine. Drug Metab Dispos 1983; 11: 211-7.
11. Campbell ME, Spielberg SP, Kalow W. A urinary metabolite ratio that reflects systemic caffeine clearance. Clin Phar Ther 1987; 42: 157-65.
12. Rodopoulos N, Wisén O, Norman A. Caffeine metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1995; 55: 229-42.
13. Kalow W, Tang B-K. The use of caffeine for enzyme assays: a critical appraisal. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 53: 503-14.
14. Tanaka E, Ishikawa A, Yamamoto Y, Osada A, Tsuji K, Fukao K, et al. A simple useful method for determination of hepatic function in patients with liver cirrhosis using caffeine and its three major dimethylmetabolites. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992; 30: 336-41.
15. Fuhr U, Rost KL. Simple and reliable CYP1A2 phenotyping by the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio in plasma and saliva. Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4: 109-16.
16. Tang B-K, Kadar D, Qian L, Iriah J, Yip J, Kalow W. Caffeine as a metabolic probe: validation of its use for acetylator phenotyping. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 49: 648-57.
17. Relling M, Lin J-S, Ayers G, Evans W. Racial and gender differences in N-acetyltransferase, xanthine oxidase, and CYP1A2 activities. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 52: 643-58.
18. Carrillo J, Benitez J. Caffeine metabolism in a healthy Spanish population: N-acetylator phenotype and oxidation pathways. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 55: 293-304.
19. Rost KL, Roots I. Accelerated caffeine metabolism after omeprazole treatment is indicated by urinary metabolite ratios: coincidence with plasma clearance and breath test. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 55: 402-11.
20. Nakajima M, Yokoi T, Mizutani M, Shin S, Kadlubar F, Kamataki T. Phenotyping of CYP1A2 in Japanese population by analysis of caffeine urinary metabolites: absence of mutation prescribing the phenotype in the CYP1A2 gene. Cane Epidemiol Biom Prevent 1994; 3: 413-21.
21. Tang B-K, Zhou Y, Kadar D, Kalow W. Caffeine as a pobe for CYP1A2 activity: potencial influence of renal factors on urinary phenotypic trait measurements. Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4: 117-24.
22. Vincent-Viry M, Braz Vieira da Silva Pontes Z, Gueguen R, Galtteau M-M, Siest G. Segregation analyses of four urinary caffeine metabolite ratios implicated in the determination of human acetylation phenotypes. Genet Epidemiol 1994; 11: 115-29.
23. Rodopoulos N, Norman A. Determination of caffeine and its metabolites in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994; 54: 305-15.
24. Muir KT, Kunitani M, Riegelman S. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for theophylline in plasma and saliva in the presence of caffeine and its metabolites and comparisons with three other assays. J Chromatogr 1982; 231: 73-82.
25. 14C]caffeine after oral administration. Drug Metab Dispos 1982; 10: 417-23.
26. Danhof M, Breimer DD. Therapeutic drug monitoring in saliva. Clin Pharmacokinet 1978; 3: 39-57.
27. Drobitch RK, Svensson CK. Therapeutic drug monitoring in saliva. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992; 23: 365-79.
28. Gorodischer R, Koren G. Salivary excretion of drugs in children: theoretical and practical issues in therapeutic drug monitoriong. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1992; 19: 161-77.
29. Zylber-Katz E, Granit L, Levy M. Relationship between caffeine concentrations in plasma and saliva. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984; 36: 133-7.