Normalizing counts and cerebral blood flow intensity in functional imaging studies of the human brain

NeuroImage

Volumn 3, Issue 3 I, 1996, Pages 175-184

  Arndt, Stephan ^a,b   Cizadlo, Ted ^a   O'Leary, Daniel ^a   Gold, Sherri ^a   Andreasen, Nancy C ^a  

^a Mental Hlth Clin Research Center   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HISTOGRAM; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE PROCESSING; MEMORY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0029890436     PISSN: 10538119     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/nimg.1996.0019     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Andreasen, N. C., Arndt, S., Swayze, V. W., Cizadlo, T., Flaum, M., O'Leary, D., Ehrhardt, J., and Yuh, W. T. C. 1994a. Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging. Science 266:294-298.
2. Andreasen, N. C., Cizadlo, T., Harris, G., Swayze, V., II, O'Leary, D. S., Cohen, G., Ehrhardt, J., and Yuh, W. T. C. 1993. Voxel processing techniques for the antemortem study of neuroanatomy and neuropathology using magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 5:121-130.
3. Andreasen, N. C., Harris, G., Cizadlo, T., Arndt, S., O'Leary, D. S., Swayze, V., and Flaum, M. 1994b. Techniques for measuring sulcal/gyral patterns in the brain as visualized through MR scanning: Brainplot and Brainmap. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:93-97.
4. Andreasen, N. C., O'Leary, D. S., Arndt, S., Cizadlo, T., Hurtig, R., Rezai, K., Watkins, G. L., Boles-Ponto, L. L., and Hichwa, R. D. 1995. Short-term and long-term verbal memory: A positron emission tomography study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5111-5115.
5. 2O PET cognitive activation studies. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 7:155-168.
6. Arndt, S., Swayze, V. W., Cizadlo, T., O'Leary, D., Cohen, G., Yuh, W. T. C., Ehrhardt, J. C., and Andreasen, N. C. 1994. Evaluating and validating two methods for estimating brain structure volumes: Tesselation and simple pixel counting. NeuroImage 1(3):191-198.
7. Baxter, L. R. J., Mazziota, J. C., Phelps, M. E., Selin, C. E., Guze, B. H., and Fairbanks, L. 1987. Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in normal human females versus normal males. Psychiatry Res. 21(3):237-245.
8. 2O PET Studies: BRAINFIT. SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, Society of PhotoOptical Instrumentation Engineers, Newport Beach, CA.
9. Conover, W. J. 1980. Practical Nonparametric Statistics. Wiley, New York.
10. Conover, W. J., and Iman, R. L. 1981. Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. Am. Stat. 35:124-133.
11. Cox, D. R., and McCullagh, P. 1982. Some aspects of analysis of covariance. Biometrics 38:541-561.
12. Demonet, J. F., Price, C., Wise, R., and Frackowiak, R. S. 1994. APET study of cognitive strategies in normal subjects during language tasks. Influence of phonetic ambiguity and sequence processing on phoneme monitoring. Brain 117(4):671-682.
13. Duara, R., Grady, C., Haxby, J., Ingvar, D., Sokoloff, L., Margolin, R. A., Manning, R. G., Cutler, N. R., and Rappoport, S. I. 1984. Human brain glucose utilization and cognitive function in relation to age. Ann. Neurol. 16(6):703-713.
14. Ford, I. 1995. Some nonontological and functionally unconnected views on current issues in the analysis of PET datasets. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:371-377.
15. Fox, P. T., and Raichle, M. E. 1984. Stimulus rate dependence of regional cerebral blood flow in human striate cortex, demonstrated with positron emission tomography. J. Neurophysiol. 51:1109-1121.
16. Fox, P. T., Mintun, M. A., Reiman, E. M., and Raichle, M. E. 1988. Enhanced detection of focal brain responses using intersubject averaging and change-distribution analysis of subtracted PET images. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 8:642-653.
17. 15O and positron emission tomography: Theory, procedure, and normal values. J. Comput. Assisted Tomogr. 4:727-736.
18. Friston, K. J. 1995. Statistical parametric mapping: Ontology and current issues. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:361-370.
19. Friston, K. J., Frith, C. D., Liddle, P. F., Dolan, R. J., Lammertsma, A. A., and Frackowiak, R. S. J. 1990. The relationship between global and local changes in PET Scans. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 10:458-466.
20. Friston, K. J., Frith, C. D., Liddle, P. F., and Frackowiak, R. S. J. 1991. Comparing functional (PET) images: The assessment of significant change. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:690-699.
21. Friston, K. J., Frith, C. D., Passingham, R. E., Liddle, P. F., and Frackowiak, R. S. J. 1992. Motor practice and neurophysiological adaptation in the cerebellum: A positron tomography study. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 248(1323):223-228.
22. Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J.-P., Frith, C. D., and Frackowiak, R. S. J. 1995. Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach. Hum. Brain Map. 2:189-210.
23. Gullion, G. M., Devous, M. D., and Rush, A. J. 1996. Effects of four normalizing methods on data analytic results in functional brain imaging. Biol. Psychiatry, in press.
24. Gur, R. C., Mozley, P. D., Resnick, S. M., Karp, J. S., Alavi, A., Arnold, S. E., and Gur, R. E. 1995. Sex differences in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during a resting state. Science 267:528-531.
25. 15O. I. Theory and error analysis. J. Nucl. Med. 24:782-789.
26. Hichwa, R. D., O'Leary, D. S., Ponto, L. L. B., Arndt, S., Cizadlo, T., Hurtig, R. R., Watkins, G. L., Wollenweber, S. D., and Andreasen, N. C. 1996. Counts vs flows: When does it matter. In Quantification of Brain Function Using PET (R. Myers, V. J. Cunningham, D. L. Bailey, and T. Jones, Eds.). Academic Press, San Diego.
27. 15O water PET studies. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14:423-430.
28. Jenkins, I. H., and Frackowiak, R. S. 1993. Functional studies of the human cerebellum with positron emission tomography. Rev. Neurol. 149(11):647-653.
29. Kendall, M., and Gibbons, J. D. 1990. Rank Correlation Methods. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
30. Leenders, K. L., Perani, D., Lammertsma, A. A., Heather, J. D., Buckingham, P., Healy, M. J. R., Gibbs, J. M., Wise, R. J. S., Hatazawa, J., Herold, S., Beaney, R. P., Brooks, D. J., Spinks, T., Rhodes, C., Frackowiak, R. S. J., and Jones, T. 1990. Cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygen utilization. Brain 113:27-47.
31. Levin, D. N., Pelizzari, C. A., Chen, G. T. Y., Chen, C.-T., and Cooper, M. D. 1988. Retrospective geometric correlation of MR, CT, and PET images. Radiology 169:817-823.
32. Marden, J. I. 1995. Analyzing and Modeling Rank Data. Chapman & Hall, New York.
33. Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E., and Halgren, E. 1983. Local cerebral glucose metabolic response to audiovisual stimulation and deprivation: Studies in human subjects with positron CT. Hum. Neurobiol. 2(1):11-23.
34. McColl, J. H., Holmes, A. P., and Ford, I. 1994. Statistical methods in neuroimaging with particular application to emission tomography. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 3:63-86.
35. McCrory, S. J., and Ford, I. 1991. Multivariate analysis of SPECT images with illustrations in Alzheimer's disease. Stat. Med. 10: 1711-1718.
36. McIntosh, A. R., Grady, C. L., Haxby, J. V., Maisog, J. M., Horwitz, B., and Clark, C. M. 1996. Within-subject transformations of PET regional cerebral blood flow data: ANCOVA, ratio and z-score adjustments on empirical data. Hum. Brain Map., in press.
37. Moeller, J. R., and Strother, S. C. 1991. A regional covariance approach to the analysis of functional patterns in positron emission tomographic data. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:A121-A135.
38. Moeller, J. R., Strother, S. C., Siditis, J. J., and Rottenberg, D. A. 1987. Scaled subprofile model: A statistical approach to the analysis of functional patterns in positron emission tomographic data. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 7(5):649-658.
39. Parks, R. W., Crockett, D. J., Tuokko, H., Beattie, B. L., Ashford, J. W., Coburn, K. L., Zec, R. F., Becker, R. E., McGeer, P. L., and McGeer, E. G. 1989. Neuropsychological "systems efficiency" and positron emission tomography. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1(3):269-282.
40. Raichle, M. E., Fiez, J. A., Videen, T. O., MacLeod, A. K., Pardo, J. V., Fox, P. T., and Petersen, S. E. 1994. Practice-related changes in human brain functional anatomy during nonmotor learning. Cereb. Cortex 4:8-26.
41. 15O. II. Implementation and validation. J. Nucl. Med. 24:790-798.
42. Russ, J. C. 1992. The Image Processing Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
43. Sonka, M., Hlavac, V., and Boyle, R. 1993. Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision. Chapman & Hall, New York.
44. Upton, G., and Fingleton, B. 1989. Spatial Data Analysis by Example, Vol. 2, Categorical and Directional Data. Wiley, New York.
45. Upton, G., and Fingleton, B. 1990. Spatial Data Analysis by Example, Vol. 1, Point Pattern and Quantitative Data. Wiley, New York.
46. Worsley, K. J., Evans, A. C., Marrett, S., and Neelin, P. 1992. A three dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 12:900-918.
47. Yamaguchi, T., Kanno, I., Uemura, K., Shishido, F., Inugami, A., Ogawa, T., Murakami, M., and Suzuki, K. 1986. Reduction in regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during human aging. Stroke 17(6): 1220-1228.