메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 103-114

Extrapyramidal motor signs in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; Extrapyramidal signs

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

EID: 0029890323     PISSN: 08930341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002093-199601020-00008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (74)
  • 2
    • 0024500149 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between primitive reflexes, extra-pyramidal signs, reflective apraxia and severity of cognitive impairment in dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Bakchine S, Lacomblez L, Palisson E, Laurent M, Derouesne C. Relationship between primitive reflexes, extra-pyramidal signs, reflective apraxia and severity of cognitive impairment in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Acta Neurol Scand 1989;79:38-46.
    • (1989) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.79 , pp. 38-46
    • Bakchine, S.1    Lacomblez, L.2    Palisson, E.3    Laurent, M.4    Derouesne, C.5
  • 3
    • 0024781427 scopus 로고
    • Lewy bodies in Alzheimer disease - One or two diseases?
    • Bergeron C, Pollanen M. Lewy bodies in Alzheimer disease - one or two diseases? Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1989;3:197-204.
    • (1989) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.3 , pp. 197-204
    • Bergeron, C.1    Pollanen, M.2
  • 4
    • 0025962662 scopus 로고
    • Neurological signs in Alzheimer's disease
    • Burns A, Jacoby R, Levy R. Neurological signs in Alzheimer's disease. Age Aging 1991;20:45-51.
    • (1991) Age Aging , vol.20 , pp. 45-51
    • Burns, A.1    Jacoby, R.2    Levy, R.3
  • 5
    • 0027425767 scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal motor abnormalities associated with late-life psychosis
    • Caligiuri MP, Lohr JB, Panton D, Harris MJ. Extrapyramidal motor abnormalities associated with late-life psychosis. Schizophr Bull 1993;19:747-54.
    • (1993) Schizophr Bull , vol.19 , pp. 747-754
    • Caligiuri, M.P.1    Lohr, J.B.2    Panton, D.3    Harris, M.J.4
  • 6
    • 0025836705 scopus 로고
    • Cumulative risks of developing extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, or myoclonus in the course of Alzheimer's disease
    • Chen JY, Stern Y, Sano M, Mayeux R. Cumulative risks of developing extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, or myoclonus in the course of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1991;48:1141-4.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 1141-1144
    • Chen, J.Y.1    Stern, Y.2    Sano, M.3    Mayeux, R.4
  • 7
    • 0028352254 scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal signs and psychiatric symptoms predict faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
    • Chui HC, Lyness SA, Sobel E, Schneider LS. Extrapyramidal signs and psychiatric symptoms predict faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1994;51:676-81.
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 676-681
    • Chui, H.C.1    Lyness, S.A.2    Sobel, E.3    Schneider, L.S.4
  • 8
    • 0022204961 scopus 로고
    • Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Chui HC, Teng EL, Henderson VW, Moy AC. Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology 1985;35:1544-50.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1544-1550
    • Chui, H.C.1    Teng, E.L.2    Henderson, V.W.3    Moy, A.C.4
  • 9
    • 0027508868 scopus 로고
    • Clinical features distinguishing large cohorts with possible AD, probable AD, and mixed dementia
    • Corey-Bloom J, Galasko D, Hofstetter CR, Jackson JE, Thal LJ. Clinical features distinguishing large cohorts with possible AD, probable AD, and mixed dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993;41:31-7.
    • (1993) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.41 , pp. 31-37
    • Corey-Bloom, J.1    Galasko, D.2    Hofstetter, C.R.3    Jackson, J.E.4    Thal, L.J.5
  • 10
    • 0023268562 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathologic and clinical features of Parkinson's disease in Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Ditter SM, Mirra SS. Neuropathologic and clinical features of Parkinson's disease in Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurology 1987;37:754-60.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 754-760
    • Ditter, S.M.1    Mirra, S.S.2
  • 11
    • 0025146368 scopus 로고
    • The prognosis in Alzheimer's disease. "How far" rather than "how fast" best predicts the course
    • Drachman DA, O'Donnell BF, Lew RA, Swearer JM. The prognosis in Alzheimer's disease. "How far" rather than "how fast" best predicts the course. Arch Neurol 1990;47:851-6.
    • (1990) Arch Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 851-856
    • Drachman, D.A.1    O'Donnell, B.F.2    Lew, R.A.3    Swearer, J.M.4
  • 14
    • 0024317904 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported
    • Evans DA, Funkenstein HH, Albert MS, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported. JAMA 1989;262:2551-6.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2551-2556
    • Evans, D.A.1    Funkenstein, H.H.2    Albert, M.S.3
  • 15
    • 0000224448 scopus 로고
    • Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
    • Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne D, Golstein M, eds. Florham Park: Macmillan Healthcare Information
    • Fahn S, Elton RL, UPDRS Development Committee. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne D, Golstein M, eds. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. Florham Park: Macmillan Healthcare Information, 1987:153-63.
    • (1987) Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease , pp. 153-163
    • Fahn, S.1    Elton, R.L.2    Committee, U.D.3
  • 16
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-98.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 17
    • 0027528829 scopus 로고
    • The Lewy-body variant of Alzheimer's disease. Clinical and pathological findings
    • Forstl H, Burns A, Luthert P, Cairns N, Levy R. The Lewy-body variant of Alzheimer's disease. Clinical and pathological findings. Br J Psychiatry 1991;162:385-92.
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 385-392
    • Forstl, H.1    Burns, A.2    Luthert, P.3    Cairns, N.4    Levy, R.5
  • 18
    • 0027432621 scopus 로고
    • The neurologic syndrome of severe Alzheimer's disease. Relationship to functional decline
    • Franssen EH, Kluger A, Torossian CL, Reisberg B. The neurologic syndrome of severe Alzheimer's disease. Relationship to functional decline. Arch Neurol 1993;50:1029-39.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 1029-1039
    • Franssen, E.H.1    Kluger, A.2    Torossian, C.L.3    Reisberg, B.4
  • 19
    • 0027397254 scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal signs and other neurologic findings in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. A community-based study
    • Funkenstein HH, Albert MS, Cook NR, et al. Extrapyramidal signs and other neurologic findings in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. A community-based study. Arch Neurol 1993;50:51-6.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 51-56
    • Funkenstein, H.H.1    Albert, M.S.2    Cook, N.R.3
  • 20
    • 0027980815 scopus 로고
    • Clinical-neuropathological correlations in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
    • Galasko D, Hansen LA, Katzman R, et al. Clinical-neuropathological correlations in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Arch Neurol 1994;51:888-95.
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 888-895
    • Galasko, D.1    Hansen, L.A.2    Katzman, R.3
  • 22
    • 0029056590 scopus 로고
    • The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part X. Neuropathology confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Gearing M, Mirra SS, Hedreen JC, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part X. Neuropathology confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995;45:461-6.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 461-466
    • Gearing, M.1    Mirra, S.S.2    Hedreen, J.C.3
  • 23
    • 0028242878 scopus 로고
    • Progressive supranuclear palsy: Neuropathologic and clinical heterogeneity
    • Gearing M, Olson DA, Watts RL, Mirra SS. Progressive supranuclear palsy: neuropathologic and clinical heterogeneity. Neurology 1994;44:1015-24.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1015-1024
    • Gearing, M.1    Olson, D.A.2    Watts, R.L.3    Mirra, S.S.4
  • 25
    • 0025247095 scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal signs, primitive reflexes and frontal lobe function in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Girling DM, Berrios GE. Extrapyramidal signs, primitive reflexes and frontal lobe function in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Br J Psychiatry 1990;157:888-93.
    • (1990) Br J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 888-893
    • Girling, D.M.1    Berrios, G.E.2
  • 26
    • 0025061059 scopus 로고
    • The Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease: A clinical and pathologic entity
    • Hansen L, Salmon D, Galasko D, et al. The Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease: a clinical and pathologic entity. Neurology 1990;40:1-8.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1-8
    • Hansen, L.1    Salmon, D.2    Galasko, D.3
  • 27
    • 0025281688 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and prognostic value of neurologic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease
    • Huff FJ, Belle SH, Shim YK, et al. Prevalence and prognostic value of neurologic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia 1990;1:32-10.
    • (1990) Dementia , vol.1 , pp. 32-110
    • Huff, F.J.1    Belle, S.H.2    Shim, Y.K.3
  • 28
    • 0023202606 scopus 로고
    • The neurologic examination in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease
    • Huff FJ, Boller F, Lucchelli F, et al. The neurologic examination in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1987;44:929-32.
    • (1987) Arch Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 929-932
    • Huff, F.J.1    Boller, F.2    Lucchelli, F.3
  • 29
    • 0022981378 scopus 로고
    • Neurological abnormalities associated with seventy of dementia in Alzheimer's disease
    • Huff FJ, Growdon JH. Neurological abnormalities associated with seventy of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1986;135:403-5.
    • (1986) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.135 , pp. 403-405
    • Huff, F.J.1    Growdon, J.H.2
  • 30
    • 0027465936 scopus 로고
    • A clinicopathologic study of 100 cases of Parkinson's disease
    • Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Blankson S, Lees AJ. A clinicopathologic study of 100 cases of Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1993;50:140-8.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 140-148
    • Hughes, A.J.1    Daniel, S.E.2    Blankson, S.3    Lees, A.J.4
  • 31
    • 0025112680 scopus 로고
    • New developments in the pathology of Parkinson's disease
    • Jellinger K. New developments in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1990;53:1-16.
    • (1990) Adv Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 1-16
    • Jellinger, K.1
  • 32
    • 0023924905 scopus 로고
    • Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: Autopsy results in 150 cases
    • Joachim CL, Morris JH, Selkoe DJ. Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: autopsy results in 150 cases. Ann Neurol 1988;24:50-6.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 50-56
    • Joachim, C.L.1    Morris, J.H.2    Selkoe, D.J.3
  • 33
    • 0023938271 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine markers are decreased in dementia of the Alzheimer type with extrapyramidal features
    • Kaye JA, May C, Daly E, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine markers are decreased in dementia of the Alzheimer type with extrapyramidal features. Neurology 1988;38:554-7.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 554-557
    • Kaye, J.A.1    May, C.2    Daly, E.3
  • 34
    • 0027528968 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic detection of extrapyramidal motor signs in Alzheimer's disease
    • Kischka U, Mandir AS, Ghika J, Growdon JH. Electrophysiologic detection of extrapyramidal motor signs in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:500-5.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 500-505
    • Kischka, U.1    Mandir, A.S.2    Ghika, J.3    Growdon, J.H.4
  • 36
    • 0028231426 scopus 로고
    • "How far" vs "how fast" in Alzheimer's disease. the question revisited
    • Kraemer HC, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. "How far" vs "how fast" in Alzheimer's disease. The question revisited. Arch Neurol 1994;51:275-9.
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 275-279
    • Kraemer, H.C.1    Tinklenberg, J.2    Yesavage, J.A.3
  • 37
    • 0023931333 scopus 로고
    • Lewy bodies are ubiquitinated. A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study
    • Kuzuhara S, Mori H, Izumiyama N, Yoshimura M, Ihara Y. Lewy bodies are ubiquitinated. A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1988;75:345-53.
    • (1988) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.75 , pp. 345-353
    • Kuzuhara, S.1    Mori, H.2    Izumiyama, N.3    Yoshimura, M.4    Ihara, Y.5
  • 38
    • 0027500963 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters in basal ganglia and cortex of Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy bodies
    • Langlais PJ, Thal L, Hansen L, et al. Neurotransmitters in basal ganglia and cortex of Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy bodies. Neurology 1993;43:1927-34.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1927-1934
    • Langlais, P.J.1    Thal, L.2    Hansen, L.3
  • 39
    • 0022638559 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Leverenz J, Sumi SM. Parkinson's disease in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1986;43:662-4.
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 662-664
    • Leverenz, J.1    Sumi, S.M.2
  • 40
    • 0028058055 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease: A comparative clinicopathological study
    • Lippa CF, Smith TW, Swearer JM. Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease: a comparative clinicopathological study. Ann Neurol 1994;35:81-8.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 81-88
    • Lippa, C.F.1    Smith, T.W.2    Swearer, J.M.3
  • 41
    • 0026751822 scopus 로고
    • A population-based investigation of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Relationship to age and gender
    • Mayeux R, Denaro J, Hemenegildo N, et al. A population-based investigation of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Relationship to age and gender. Arch Neurol 1992;49:492-7.
    • (1992) Arch Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 492-497
    • Mayeux, R.1    Denaro, J.2    Hemenegildo, N.3
  • 42
    • 0021882237 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: Evidence of subgroups
    • Mayeux R, Stern Y, Spanton S. Heterogeneity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: evidence of subgroups. Neurology 1985;35:453-61.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 453-461
    • Mayeux, R.1    Stern, Y.2    Spanton, S.3
  • 43
    • 0028363690 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the predictive validity and inter-rater reliability of clinical diagnostic criteria for senile dementia of Lewy body type
    • McKeith IG, Fairbairn AF, Bothwell RA, et al. An evaluation of the predictive validity and inter-rater reliability of clinical diagnostic criteria for senile dementia of Lewy body type. Neurology 1994;44:872-7.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 872-877
    • McKeith, I.G.1    Fairbairn, A.F.2    Bothwell, R.A.3
  • 44
    • 0026712415 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic sensitivity in patients with senile dementia of Lewy body type
    • McKeith I, Fairbairn A, Perry R, Thompson P, Perry E. Neuroleptic sensitivity in patients with senile dementia of Lewy body type. Br Med J 1992a;305:673-8.
    • (1992) Br Med J , vol.305 , pp. 673-678
    • McKeith, I.1    Fairbairn, A.2    Perry, R.3    Thompson, P.4    Perry, E.5
  • 46
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-44.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 939-944
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3
  • 47
    • 0028630712 scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidalism in Alzheimer's disease: Prevalence, psychiatric, and neuropsychological correlates
    • Merello M, Sabe L, Teson A, et al. Extrapyramidalism in Alzheimer's disease: prevalence, psychiatric, and neuropsychological correlates. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:1503-9.
    • (1994) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 1503-1509
    • Merello, M.1    Sabe, L.2    Teson, A.3
  • 48
    • 0026326920 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease: Differences in patients with and without extrapyramidal signs
    • Miller TP, Tinklenberg J, Brooks JE, Yesavage JA. Cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease: differences in patients with and without extrapyramidal signs. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1991;5:251-6.
    • (1991) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.5 , pp. 251-256
    • Miller, T.P.1    Tinklenberg, J.2    Brooks, J.E.3    Yesavage, J.A.4
  • 49
    • 0021263351 scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal signs in Alzheimer's disease
    • Molsa PK, Marttila RJ, Rinne UK. Extrapyramidal signs in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1984;34:1114-6.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 1114-1116
    • Molsa, P.K.1    Marttila, R.J.2    Rinne, U.K.3
  • 50
    • 0023268966 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Neuropathological correlates of cognitive and motor disorders
    • Molsa PK, Sako E, Paljarvi L, Rinne JO, Rinne UK. Alzheimer's disease: neuropathological correlates of cognitive and motor disorders. Acta Neurol Scand 1987;75:376-84.
    • (1987) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.75 , pp. 376-384
    • Molsa, P.K.1    Sako, E.2    Paljarvi, L.3    Rinne, J.O.4    Rinne, U.K.5
  • 51
    • 0024411917 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and pathological aspects of parkinsonism in Alzheimer's disease. A role for extranigral factors?
    • Morris JC, Drazner M, Fulling K, et al. Clinical and pathological aspects of parkinsonism in Alzheimer's disease. A role for extranigral factors? Arch Neurol 1989;46:651-7.
    • (1989) Arch Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 651-657
    • Morris, J.C.1    Drazner, M.2    Fulling, K.3
  • 52
    • 0026784959 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease
    • Mortimer JA, Ebbitt B, Jun SP, Rinch MD. Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1992;42:1689-96.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1689-1696
    • Mortimer, J.A.1    Ebbitt, B.2    Jun, S.P.3    Rinch, M.D.4
  • 53
    • 0028939762 scopus 로고
    • Damage to dopamine systems differs between Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease with parkinsonism
    • Murray AM, Weihmueller FB, Marshall JF, et al. Damage to dopamine systems differs between Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease with parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1995;37:300-12.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 300-312
    • Murray, A.M.1    Weihmueller, F.B.2    Marshall, J.F.3
  • 55
    • 0016201290 scopus 로고
    • The extrapyramidal disorders of Alzheimer's disease
    • Pearce J. The extrapyramidal disorders of Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol 1974;12:94-103.
    • (1974) Eur Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 94-103
    • Pearce, J.1
  • 56
    • 0024998417 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and dopaminergic activities in senile dementia of Lewy body type
    • Perry EK, Marshall E, Perry RH, et al. Cholinergic and dopaminergic activities in senile dementia of Lewy body type. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1990;4:87-95.
    • (1990) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.4 , pp. 87-95
    • Perry, E.K.1    Marshall, E.2    Perry, R.H.3
  • 57
    • 0025141711 scopus 로고
    • Senile dementia of Lewy body type. A clinically and neuropathologically distinct form of Lewy body dementia in the elderly
    • Perry RH, Irving D, Blessed G, Fairbairn A, Perry EK. Senile dementia of Lewy body type. A clinically and neuropathologically distinct form of Lewy body dementia in the elderly. J Neurol Sci 1990;95:119-39.
    • (1990) J Neurol Sci , vol.95 , pp. 119-139
    • Perry, R.H.1    Irving, D.2    Blessed, G.3    Fairbairn, A.4    Perry, E.K.5
  • 59
    • 0026588604 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and cause of Parkinson's disease
    • Rajput AH. Frequency and cause of Parkinson's disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1992;195:103-7.
    • (1992) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.195 , pp. 103-107
    • Rajput, A.H.1
  • 60
    • 0027433007 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of neuropsychological performance in Alzheimer's disease patients with and without extrapyramidal signs
    • Richards M, Bell K, Dooneief G, et al. Patterns of neuropsychological performance in Alzheimer's disease patients with and without extrapyramidal signs. Neurology 1993a;43:1708-11.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1708-1711
    • Richards, M.1    Bell, K.2    Dooneief, G.3
  • 61
    • 0027245621 scopus 로고
    • Multicenter study of predictors of disease course in Alzheimer disease (the "predictors study"). II. Neurological, psychiatric, and demographic influences on baseline measures of disease severity
    • Richards M, Folstein M, Albert M, et al. Multicenter study of predictors of disease course in Alzheimer disease (the "predictors study"). II. Neurological, psychiatric, and demographic influences on baseline measures of disease severity. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1993b;7:22-32.
    • (1993) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.7 , pp. 22-32
    • Richards, M.1    Folstein, M.2    Albert, M.3
  • 62
    • 0025831118 scopus 로고
    • Interrater reliability of extrapyramidal signs in a group assessed for dementia
    • Richards M, Marder K, Bell K, et al. Interrater reliability of extrapyramidal signs in a group assessed for dementia. Arch Neurol 1991;48:1147-9.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 1147-1149
    • Richards, M.1    Marder, K.2    Bell, K.3
  • 63
    • 0027369843 scopus 로고
    • Subtle extrapyramidal signs can predict the development of dementia in elderly individuals
    • Richards M, Stern Y, Mayeux R. Subtle extrapyramidal signs can predict the development of dementia in elderly individuals. Neurology 1993;43:2184-8.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 2184-2188
    • Richards, M.1    Stern, Y.2    Mayeux, R.3
  • 64
    • 0020043197 scopus 로고
    • Isolating the age deficit in speeded performance
    • Salthouse TA, Somberg BL. Isolating the age deficit in speeded performance. J Gerontol 1982;37:59-63.
    • (1982) J Gerontol , vol.37 , pp. 59-63
    • Salthouse, T.A.1    Somberg, B.L.2
  • 65
    • 0026539378 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive profile of Alzheimer patients with extrapyramidal signs: A longitudinal study
    • Soininen H, Helkala EL, Laulumaa V, et al. Cognitive profile of Alzheimer patients with extrapyramidal signs: a longitudinal study. J Neurol 1992a;4:241-54.
    • (1992) J Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 241-254
    • Soininen, H.1    Helkala, E.L.2    Laulumaa, V.3
  • 67
    • 0027322914 scopus 로고
    • Multicenter study of predictors of disease course in Alzheimer disease (the "predictors study"). I. Study design, cohort description, and intersite comparisons
    • Stern Y, Folstein M, Albert M, et al. Multicenter study of predictors of disease course in Alzheimer disease (the "predictors study"). I. Study design, cohort description, and intersite comparisons. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1993;7:3-21.
    • (1993) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.7 , pp. 3-21
    • Stern, Y.1    Folstein, M.2    Albert, M.3
  • 68
    • 0025061060 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and prediction of functional capacity in Alzheimer's disease
    • Stern Y, Hesdorffer D, Sano M, Mayeux R. Measurement and prediction of functional capacity in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1990;40:8-14.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 8-14
    • Stern, Y.1    Hesdorffer, D.2    Sano, M.3    Mayeux, R.4
  • 69
    • 0003157642 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mortality in Alzheimer's disease
    • Stern Y, Mayeux R, Chen JY. Predictors of mortality in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1989;26:132.
    • (1989) Ann Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 132
    • Stern, Y.1    Mayeux, R.2    Chen, J.Y.3
  • 70
    • 0023638649 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of disease course in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease
    • Stern Y, Mayeux R, Sano M, Hauser WA, Bush T. Predictors of disease course in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1987a;37:1649-53.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 1649-1653
    • Stern, Y.1    Mayeux, R.2    Sano, M.3    Hauser, W.A.4    Bush, T.5
  • 71
    • 0001543717 scopus 로고
    • Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Validity and reliability
    • Stern Y, Sano M, Paulson J. Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Validity and reliability. Neurology 1987b;37:S179.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37
    • Stern, Y.1    Sano, M.2    Paulson, J.3
  • 72
    • 9344245963 scopus 로고
    • Clinical neurological findings predict Lewy bodies associated with AD at autopsy
    • Thai LJ, Galasko D, Katzman R, Hill LR, Hansen L. Clinical neurological findings predict Lewy bodies associated with AD at autopsy. Neurology 1993;43:A336.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43
    • Thai, L.J.1    Galasko, D.2    Katzman, R.3    Hill, L.R.4    Hansen, L.5
  • 73
    • 0014261678 scopus 로고
    • Critical analysis of the disability in Parkinson's disease
    • Webster DD. Critical analysis of the disability in Parkinson's disease. Mod Treat 1968;5:257-82.
    • (1968) Mod Treat , vol.5 , pp. 257-282
    • Webster, D.D.1
  • 74
    • 0027358350 scopus 로고
    • Worldwide occurrence of Parkinson's disease: An updated review
    • Zhang ZX, Roman GC. Worldwide occurrence of Parkinson's disease: an updated review. Neuroepidemiology 1993;12:195-208.
    • (1993) Neuroepidemiology , vol.12 , pp. 195-208
    • Zhang, Z.X.1    Roman, G.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.