The clinical use of clozapine plasma concentrations in the management of treatment-refractory schizophrenia

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 99-109

  Miller, Del D ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

Clozapine; Drug interactions; Pharmacokinetics; Plasma concentrations; Treatment refractory schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; FLUPHENAZINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG METABOLISM; HUMAN; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PATIENT CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0029889615     PISSN: 10401237     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10401239609148808     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Preskorn S, Burke M, Fast G: Therapeutic drug monitoring. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1993; 16:611-645
2. Palao D, Arauxo A, Brunet M, et al.: Haloperidol: therapeutic window in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994; 14:303-310
3. Carpenter W, Heinrichs D, Hanlan T: A comparative trial of pharmacologic strategies in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144:1466-1470
4. Kane J, Marder S: Psychopharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia. Schizo Bull 1993; 19:287-302
5. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H: Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:789-796
6. Pickar D, Owen R, Litman R, Konicki P, Gutierrez R, Rapaport M: Clinical and biologic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia; Crossover comparison with fluphenazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:345-353
7. Breier A, Buchanan R, Kirkpatrick B, Davis O, Irish D, Summerfelt A, Carpenter W: Effects of clozapine on positive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiaty 1994; 151:20-26
8. Juul-Povlsen U, Noring U, Fog R, et al.: Tolerability and therapeutic effect of clozapine: A retrospective investigation of 216 patients treated with clozapine for up to 12 years. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985; 71:176-185
9. Kuha S, Mittinen E: Long-term effect of clozapine in schizophrenia: A restrospective study of 108 chronic schizophrenics treated with clozapine for up to seven years. Nord Psykiatr Tidsfkr 1986; 40:225-230
10. Meltzer H, Bastani B, Young K, Ramirez L, Burnett S, Sharpe J: A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. I. Preliminary report. Psychopharmacology 1989b; 99:S68-S72
11. Honigsfeld G, Patin J: Predictors of response to clozapine therapy. Psychopharmacology 1989; 99:S64-S67
12. Davies M, Conley R, Schulz S, et al.: One-year followup of 24 patients in a clinical trial of clozapine. Hosp Commun Psychiatry 1991; 42:628-629
13. Lindström L: The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia: Retrospective study in 96 patients treated with clozapine for up to 13 years. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 77:525-529
14. Miller D, Fleming F, Holman T, Perry P: Clozapine plasma concentrations as a predictor of clinical response: A follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55(9; Suppl B):117-121
15. Fischer-Cornelssen K, Ferner U: An example of European multicenter trials. Multispectral analysis of clozapine. Psychopharmacol Bull 1976; 12:34-39
16. Meltzer H: Clozapine: Is another view valid? Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:821-825
17. Osser D: Is clozapine response different in neuroleptic non-responders vs partial responders? (letter). Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:189
18. Lieberman J, Kane J, Safferman A, et al.: Predictors of response to clozapine. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55 (Suppl B):126-128
19. Ackenheil V, Bräu H, Burkhart A, Franke A, Pacha W: Antipsychotische wirksamkeit im verhältnis zum plasmaspiegel von clozapin (Antipsychotic efficacy in relation to plasma levels of clozapine). Arzneimittelforschung 1976; 26:1156-1158
20. Thorup M, Fog R: Clozapine Treatment of schizophrenic patients: Plasma concentrations and coagulation factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1977; 55:123-126
21. Bräu H, Burkhart A, Pacha W, Ackenheil V: Benziehungen zwischen wirkungen und plasmaspiegel von clozapin (Relationships between effects and plasma levels of clozapine). Arzneimittelforschung 1978; 28(11):1300
22. Fisher V, Vogels B, Maurer G, Tynes R: The antipsychotic clozapine is metabolised by the polymorphic human microsomal and recombinant cytochrome P450 2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 260:1355-1360
23. Dahl M, Llerena A, Bondesson U, Lindstrom L, Bertilsson L: Disposition of clozapine in man: lack of association with debrisoquine and S-mephenytoin hydroxylation polymorphisms. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 37:71-74
24. Rosenthal J, Nimmerfall F, Sigrist R, Munzer H: Non-equilibrium method for the radioimmunoassay of clozapine in the presence of metabolites. Eur J Biochem 1977; 80:603-609
25. Bondesson U, Lindström L: Determination of clozapine and its N-demethylated metabolite in plasma by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with single ion detection. Psychopharmacology 1988; 95:472-475
26. Haring C, Barnas C, Saria A, Humpel C, Fleischhacker W: Dose-related plasma levels of clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1989; 9(1):71-72
27. Jann M, Grimsley S, Gray E, Chang W: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clozapine. Clin Pharmacokin 1993; 24(2):161-176
28. Cheng Y, Lundberg T, Bondesson U, Lindstrom L, Gabrielsson J: Clinical pharmacokinetics of clozapine in schizophrenic patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 34:445-449
29. Miller D: Effect of phenytoin on clozapine plasma concentrations in two patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52:23-25
30. Raitasuo V, Lehtovaara R, Huttunen M: Carbamazepine and plasma levels of clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:169
31. Centorrino F, Baldessarini R, Kando J, Frankenburg F, Volpicelli S, Puopolo P, Flood J: Serum concentrations of clozapine and its major metabolites: Effects of cotreatment with fluoxetine or valproate. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:123-125
32. Longo L, Salzman C: Valproic acid effects of serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:650
33. Costello L, Suppes T: A clinically significant interaction between clozapine and valproate. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 15(2):139-141
34. Kingsbury S, Puckett K: Effects of fluoxetine on serum clozapine levels. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:473
35. Hiemke C, Weigmann H, Härtter S, Dahmen N, Wetzel H, Muller H: Elevated levels of clozapine in serum after addition of fluvoxamine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994; 14(4):279-281
36. Szegedi A, Wiener J, Hiemke C: Improved efficacy and fewer side effects under clozapine treatment after addition of fluvoxamine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 15(2):141-143
37. Szymanski S, Lieberman J, Picou D, Masiar S, Cooper T: A case report of cimetidine induced clozapine toxicity. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52:21-22
38. Simpson G, Cooper T: Clozapine plasma levels and convulsions. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135:99-100
39. Lovdahl M, Perry P, Miller D: The assay of clozapine and n-desmethyclozapine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ther Drug Monitor 1991; 13:69-72
40. Perry P, Miller D, Arndt S, Cadoret R: Clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations and clinical response in treatment-refractory schizophrenics. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:231-235
41. Hasegawa M, Gutierrez-Esteinou R, Way L, Meltzer H: Relationship between clinical efficacy and clozapine concentrations in plasma in schizophrenia: Effect of smoking. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13:383-390
42. Potkin S, Bera R, Gulasekaram B, Costa J, Hayes S, Jin Y, Richmond G, Carreon D, Sitanggan K, Gerber B, Telford J, Pion L, Plon H, Park L, Chang Y, Oldroyd J, Cooper T: Plasma clozapine concentrations predict clinical response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55(9, Suppl B):133-136
43. Kronig M, Munne R, Szymanski S, Safferman A, Pollack S, Cooper T, Kane J, Lieberman J: Plasma clozpine levels and clinical response for treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:179-182
44. Overall J, Gorham D: The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep 1962; 10:799-812
45. American Psychiatric Association: DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Third Edition - Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1987
46. Gerson S, Arce C, Meltzer H: N-desmethylclozapine: A clozapine metabolite that suppresses haemopoiesis. Br J Haemotol 1994; 86:555-561
47. Clozaril package insert. East Hanover, NJ: Sandoz Pharmaceutical Corporation; 1994