Management of psychotic, treatment-resistant depression

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 237-252

  Rothschild, A J ^a  

^a MCLEAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOZAPINE; LITHIUM; NEFAZODONE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; RISPERIDONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SULPIRIDE; VERAPAMIL;

DEPRESSION; DOSE RESPONSE; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; HOSPITALIZATION; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MOOD; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 0029886060     PISSN: 0193953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70286-0     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. A. Aberg-Wistedt B. Wistedt L. Bertilsson Higher CSF levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in delusional compared to nondelusional depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 1985 925 926
2. H.S. Akiskal P. Walker V.R. Puzantian Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness: Phenomenologic, familial, and pharmacologic predictors J Affect Disord 5 1983 115 128
3. J.D. Amsterdam M. Hornig-Rohan Adrenocortical activation and steroid suppression with ketoconazole in refractory depression Biol Psychiatry 33 1993 88A
4. A. Anand R. Malison C.J. McDougle Antiglucocorticoid treatment of refractory depression with ketoconazole: A case report Biol Psychiatry 37 1995 338 340
5. R.F. Anton Jr E.A. Burch Jr Amoxapine versus amitriptyline combined with perphenazine in the treatment of psychotic depression Am J Psychiatry 147 1990 1203 1208
6. R.F. Anton Jr E.A. Burch Jr Response of psychotic depression subtypes to pharmacotherapy J Affect Disord 28 1993 125 131
7. R.F. Anton J.D. Sexauer Efficacy of amoxapine in psychotic depression Am J Psychiatry 140 1983 1344 1347
8. T.A. Aronson S. Shukla K. Gujavarty Relapse in delusional depression: A retrospective study of the course of treatment Comp Psychiatry 29 1988 12 21
9. T.A. Aronson S. Shukla A. Hoff Continuation therapy after ECT for delusional depression: A naturalistic study of prophylactic treatments and relapse Convuls Ther 3 1987 251 259
10. T.A. Aronson S. Shukla A. Hoff Proposed delusional depression subtypes: Preliminary evidence from a retrospective study of phenomenology and treatment course J Affect Disord 14 1988 69 74
11. M. Asberg L. Traskman P. Thoren 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid—A biochemical suicide predictor? Arch Gen Psychiatry 33 1976 1193 1197
12. J.A. Ascher J.O. Cole C. Jean-Noel Bupropion: A review of its mechanism of antidepressant activity J Clin Psychiatry 56 1995 395 401
13. D. Avery A. Lubrano Depression treated with imipramine and ECT: The DeCarolis study reconsidered Am J Psychiatry 136 1979 559 562
14. 1A agonists in the rat Neuroendocrinology 50 1989 241 247
15. R.J. Baldessarini Current status of antidepressants: Clinical pharmacology and therapy J Clin Psychiatry 50 1989 117 126
16. R.J. Baldessarini F.R. Frankenburg Clozapine: A novel antipsychotic agent N Engl J Med 325 1991 746 754
17. C.M. Banki M. Arato A. Papp Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical examinations: Do they reflect clinical or biological differences? Biol Psychiatry 18 1983 1033 1044
18. M.D. Banov C.A. Zarate Jr M. Tohen Clozapine therapy in refractory affective disorders: Polarity predicts response in long-term follow-up J Clin Psychiatry 55 1994 295 300
19. D.W. Black G. Winokur A. Nasrallah The treatment of depression: Electroconvulsive therapy versus antidepressants: A naturalistic evaluation of 1,495 patients Compr Psychiatry 28 1987 169 182
20. S. Brandon P. Cowley C. McDonald Electroconvulsive therapy: Results in depressive illness from the Leicestershire trial BMJ 288 1984 22 25
21. Brown R.P. Frances A. Kocsis J.H. Psychotic vs. nonpsychotic depression: Comparison of treatment response J Nerv Ment Dis 170 1982 635 637
22. R.P. Brown J.H. Koscis I.D. Glick Efficacy and feasibility of high dose tricyclic antidepressant treatment in elderly delusional depressives J Clin Psychopharmacol 4 1984 311 315
23. E.A. Burch Jr R.F. Anton W.H. Carson Mood congruent and incongruent psychotic depressions: Are they the same? J Affect Disord 31 1994 275 280
24. Camara EG: Cyproheptadine in major depression. Presented at the 144th Annual Meeting of American Psychiatric Association, New Orleans, May 1991
25. G.D. Cassano P. Castrogivanni L. Conti Sulpiride versus haloperidol in schizophrenia: A double blind comparative trial Current Therapeutic Research 17 1975 189 201
26. R.C. Chacko R.A. Hurley J. Jankovic Clozapine use in diffuse Lewy body disease J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 5 1993 206 208
27. D.S. Charney J.C. Nelson Delusional and nondelusional unipolar depression: Further evidence for distinct subtypes Am J Psychiatry 138 1981 328 333
28. D.A. Ciraulo R.I. Shader Fluoxetine drug–drug interaction: I. Antidepressants and antipsychotics J Clin Psychopharmacol 10 1990 48 50
29. C.G. Clower Recurrent psychotic unipolar depression J Clin Psychiatry 44 1983 216 218
30. W. Coryell M. Keller P. Lavori Affective syndromes, psychotic features, and prognosis: I. Depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 47 1990 651 657
31. W. Coryell M. Keller P. Lavori Affective syndromes, psychotic features and prognosis: II. Mania Arch Gen Psychiatry 47 1990 658 662
32. W. Coryell B. Pfohl M. Zimmerman The clinical and neuroendocrine features of psychotic depression J Nerv Ment Dis 172 1984 521 528
33. W. Coryell M. Zimmerman Demographic, historical, and symptomatic features of the nonmanic psychoses J Nerv Ment Dis 174 1986 585 592
34. D. Dassa A. Kaladjian J.M. Azorin Clozapine in the treatment of psychotic refractory depression Br J Psychiatry 163 1993 822 824
35. J.R. Davidson M.N. McLeod B. Law-Yone A comparison of electroconvulsive therapy and combined phenelzine-amitriptyline in refractory depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 35 1978 639 642
36. D.P. Devanand M.B. Bowers F.J. Hoffman Elevated plasma homovanillic acid in depressed females with melancholia and psychosis Psychiatry Res 15 1985 1 4
37. S.L. Dubovsky R.D. Franks Intracellular calcium ions in affective disorders: A review and an hypothesis Biol Psychiatry 18 1983 781 797
38. J.M. Eagles Delusional depressive inpatients, 1892–1982 Br J Psychiatry 143 1983 558 563
39. A.S. Eison M.S. Eison J.R. Torrente Nefazodone: Preclinical pharmacology of a new antidepressant Psychopharmacol Bull 26 1990 311 315
40. J.P. Feighner E. Robins S.B. Guze Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research Arch Gen Psychiatry 26 1972 57 63
41. M. Fink Convulsive therapy in affective disorders: A decade of understanding and acceptance H.Y. Meltzer Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress 1987 Raven Press New York 1071 1076
42. R. Finlay-Jones G. Parker A consensus conference on psychotic depression Aust N Z J Psychiatry 27 1993 581 589
43. A. Frances R.P. Brown J.H. Kocsis Psychotic depression: A separate entity? Am J Psychiatry 138 1981 831 833
44. A.M. Ghadirian F. Engelsmann V. Dhar The psychotropic effects of inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis in depressed patients refractory to treatment Biol Psychiatry 37 1995 369 375
45. A.H. Glassman S.P. Roose Delusional depression: A distinct clinical entity? Archives General Psychiatry Clinical Pharmacy 38 1981 424 427
46. S.R. Grimsley M.W. Jann Paroxetine, sertraline and fluvoxamine: New selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Clin Pharm 11 1992 930 957
47. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23 1960 58 62
48. P.M. Helms R.E. Smith Recurrent psychotic depression: Evidence of diagnostic stability J Affect Disord 5 1983 51 54
49. A. Hillert W. Maier H. Wetzel Risperidone in the treatment of disorders with a combined psychotic and depressive syndrome—a functional approach Pharmacopsychiatry 25 1992 213 217
50. B.G. Howarth M.G.A. Grace Depression, drugs and delusions Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 1989 1145 1147
51. J. Hynel J.J. Larsen A.V. Christensen Receptor-binding profiles of neuroleptics D.E. Casey Dyskinesia: Research and Treatment 1985 Springer-Verlag New York 9 18
52. F.M. Jacobson Risperidone in the treatment of affective illness and obsessive-compulsive disorder J Clin Psychiatry 56 1995 423 429
53. R.M. Jacques S.J. Cox Verapamil in major (psychotic) depression Br J Psychiatry 158 1991 124 125
54. 2 antagonistic properties J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244 1988 685 693
55. J. Johnson E. Horwath M.M. Weissman The validity of major depression with psychotic features based on a community study Arch Gen Psychiatry 48 1991 1075 1081
56. H. Kaiya N. Takeda Sulpiride in the treatment of delusional depression J Clin Psychopharmacol 10 1990 147
57. J.M. Kane G. Honigfeld J. Singer Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine Arch Gen Psychiatry 45 1988 789 796
58. P.E. Keck Jr D.R. Wilson S.M. Strakowski Clinical predictors of acute risperidone response in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic mood disorders J Clin Psychiatry 56 1995 466 470
59. G.A. Kennet S.L. Dickinson G. Curzon Central serotonergic responses and behavioral adaptation to repeated immobilization: The effect of the corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone Eur J Pharmacol 119 1985 114 152
60. A.J. Kessler N.E. Barklage J.W. Jefferson Mood disorders in the psychoneurologic borderland: Three cases of responsiveness to carbamazepine Am J Psychiatry 146 1989 81 83
61. A. Khan S. Cohen M. Stowell Treatment options in severe psychotic depression Convuls Ther 3 1987 93 99
62. D.J. Kupfer E. Frank J.M. Perel Five-year outcome for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 49 1992 769 773
63. D.J. Kupfer I. Hanin D.G. Spiker Amitriptyline plasma levels and clinical response in primary depression Clin Pharmacol Ther 22 1977 904 911
64. J. Lambourn D. Gill A controlled comparison of simulated and real ECT Br J Psychiatry 133 1978 514 519
65. J.A. Lieberman J.M. Kane C.A. Johns Clozapine: Guidelines for clinical management J Clin Psychiatry 50 1989 329 338
66. E. Lykouras G.N. Christodoulou D. Malliaras Type and content of delusions in unipolar psychotic depression J Affect Disord 9 1985 249 252
67. P.J. Manberg R.G. Carter Bupropion in the treatment of psychotic depression: Two case reports J Clin Psychiatry 45 1984 230 231
68. C.M. Mazure M.B. Bowers F. Hoffman Plasma catecholamine metabolites in subtypes of major depression Biol Psychiatry 22 1987 1469 1472
69. S.L. McElroy E.C. Dessain H.G. Pope Jr Clozapine in the treatment of psychotic mood disorders, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia J Clin Psychiatry 52 1991 411 414
70. M. Mikani H.Y. Meltzer Reduction of serotonin-2 receptors in rat cerebral cortex after subchronic administration of imipramine, chlorpromazine, and the combination thereof Life Sci 34 1984 87 92
71. Minter R.E. Mandel M.R. A prospective study of the treatment of psychotic depression Am J Psychiatry 136 1979 1470 1472
72. R.E. Minter M.R. Mandel The treatment of psychotic major depressive disorder with drugs and electroconvulsive therapy J Nerv Ment Dis 112 1979 726 733
73. B.E.P. Murphy Treatment of major depression with steroid suppressive therapy J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 39 1991 239 244
74. B.E.P. Murphy D. Filipini A.M. Ghadirian Possible use of glucocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of major depression: Preliminary results using RU486 J Psychiatry Neurosci 18 1993 209 213
75. B.E.P. Murphy O.M. Wolkowitz The pathophysiologic significance of hyperadrenocorticism: Antiglucocorticoid strategies Psychiatr Ann 23 1993 682 690
76. D. Naber R. Hozbach C. Perro Clinical management of clozapine patients in relation to efficacy and side effects Br J Psychiatry 160 1992 54 59
77. J.C. Nelson M.B. Bowers Delusional versus unipolar depression: Description and drug response Arch Gen Psychiatry 35 1978 1321 1328
78. J.C. Nelson C.M. Mazure Lithium augmentation in psychotic depression refractory to combined drug treatment Am J Psychiatry 143 1986 363 366
79. J.C. Nelson L.H. Price P.I. Jatlow Neuroleptic dose and desipramine concentrations during combined treatment of unipolar delusional depression Am J Psychiatry 143 1986 1151 1154
80. W.H. Nelson A. Khan W.W. Orr Delusional depression: Phenomenology, neuroendocrine function, and tricyclic antidepressant response J Affect Disord 6 1984 297 306
81. M. Nishiura Clinic-pharmacological studies of sulpiride Current Therapeutic Research 20 1976 164 172
82. P. Niskanen T. Tamminen M. Viukari Sulpiride versus amitriptyline in the treatment of depression Current Therapeutic Research 17 1975 281 284
83. J.E. Overall D.E. Gorham The brief psychiatric rating scale Psychol Rep 10 1961 799 812
84. G. Parker D. Hadzi-Pavlovic I. Hickie Psychotic depression: A review and clinical experience Aust N Z J Psychiatry 25 1991 169 180
85. G. Parker K. Roy D. Hadzi-Pavlovic Psychotic (delusional) depression: A meta-analysis of physical treatments J Affect Disord 24 1992 17 24
86. M.A. Parsa L.F. Ramirez C.E. Loula Effect of clozapine on psychotic depression and parkinsonism J Clin Psychopharmacol 11 1991 330 331
87. P.J. Perry D.E. Morgan R.E. Smith Treatment of unipolar depression accompanied by delusions J Affect Disord 4 1982 195 200
88. L.H. Price Y. Conwell J.C. Nelson Lithium augmentation of combined neuroleptic-tricyclic treatment in delusional depression Am J Psychiatry 140 1983 318 322
89. F. Quitkin A. Rifkin D.F. Klein Imipramine response in deluded depressed patients Am J Psychiatry 135 1978 806 811
90. C.L. Ravaris M.J. Sateia K.W. Beroza Effects of ketoconazole on a hypophysectomized, hypercortisolemic, psychotically depressed woman Arch Gen Psychiatry 45 1988 966 967
91. C.L. Rich D.G. Spiker S.W. Jewell DSM-III, RDC, and ECT: Depressive subtypes and immediate response J Clin Psychiatry 45 1984 14 18
92. E. Richelson Neuroleptics and neurotransmitter receptors Psychiatr Ann 10 1980 21 26
93. E. Richelson Neuroleptic affinities for human brain receptors and their use in predicting adverse effects J Clin Psychiatry 45 1984 331 336
94. S.P. Roose A.H. Glassman B.T. Walsh Depression, delusions, and suicide Am J Psychiatry 140 1983 1159 1162
95. A.J. Rothschild P.J. Langlais A.F. Schatzberg Dexamethasone increases plasma free dopamine in man J Psychiatr Res 18 1984 217 223
96. A.J. Rothschild P.J. Langlais A.F. Schatzberg The effects of a single acute dose of dexamethasone on monoamine and metabolite levels in rat brain Life Sci 36 1985 2491 2501
97. Rothschild A.J. Samson J.A. Bessette M.P. Efficacy of the combination of fluoxetine and perphenazine in the treatment of psychotic depression J Clin Psychiatry 54 1993 338 342
98. A.J. Rothschild J.A. Samson T.C. Bond Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and one-year outcome in depression Biol Psychiatry 34 1993 392 400
99. A.J. Rothschild A.F. Schatzberg P.J. Langlais Psychotic and nonpsychotic depressions: I. Comparison of plasma catecholamines and cortisol measures Psychiatry Res 20 1987 143 153
100. H.A. Sackeim J. Prudic D.P. Devanand Treatment of medication-resistant depression with electroconvulsive therapy A. Tasman S.M. Goldfinger C.A. Kaufmann American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry vol 9 1990 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC 91 115
101. H.A. Sackeim J. Prudic D.P. Devanand Effects of stimulus intensity and electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy N Engl J Med 328 1993 839 846
102. M. Sajatovic P. Verbanac L.F. Ramirez Clozapine treatment of psychiatric symptoms resistant to neuroleptic treatment in patients with Huntington's chorea [letter] Neurology 41 1991 156
103. A.F. Schatzberg A.J. Rothschild Psychotic (delusional) depression: Should it be included as a distinct syndrome in DSM-IV? Am J Psychiatry 149 1992 733 745
104. A.F. Schatzberg A.J. Rothschild P.J. Langlais A corticosteroid/dopamine hypothesis for psychotic depression and related states J Psychiatr Res 19 1985 57 64
105. C. Schenck M. Mandell G.M. Lewis A case of monthly unipolar psychotic depression with suicide attempt by self-burning: Selective response to bupropion treatment Compr Psychiatry 33 1992 353 356
106. G. Serra A. Forgione P.S. D'Aquila Possible mechanism of antidepressant effects of L-sulpiride Clin Neuropsychopharmacol 13 suppl 1 1990 576 583
107. W.J. Solan A. Khan D.H. Avery Psychotic and nonpsychotic depression: Comparison of response to ECT J Clin Psychiatry 49 1988 97 99
108. D.G. Spiker J.M. Perel I. Hanin The pharmacological treatment of delusional depression: Part II J Clin Psychopharmacol 6 1986 339 342
109. D.G. Spiker J. Stein C.L. Rich Delusional depression and electroconvulsive therapy: One year later Convuls Ther 1 1985 167 172
110. D.G. Spiker J.C. Weiss R.S. Dealy The pharmacological treatment of delusional depression Am J Psychiatry 142 1985 430 436
111. M. Strober G. Carlson Bipolar illness in adolescents with major depression: Clinical, genetic, and psychopharmacologic predictors in a three- to four-year prospective follow-up investigation Arch Gen Psychiatry 39 1982 549 555
112. D. Sweeney J.C. Nelson M. Bowers Delusional versus nondelusional depression: Neurochemical differences Lancet 2 1978 100 101
113. J.H. Thakore T.G. Dinan Cortisol synthesis inhibition: A new treatment strategy for the clinical and endocrine manifestations of depression Biol Psychiatry 37 1995 364 368
114. M. Wolfersdorf T. Barg F. Konig Paroxetine as antidepressant in combined antidepressant-neuroleptic therapy in delusional depression: Observation of clinical use Pharmacopsychiatry 28 1995 56 60
115. M. Wolfersdorf F. Keller B. Steiner Delusional depression and suicide Acta Psychiatr Scand 76 1987 359 363
116. M. Wolfersdorf B. Maulen Suizidprävention bei psychisch Kranken H. Wedler Therapie bei Suizidgefährdung 1992 S. Roderer Regensburg
117. O.M. Wolkowitz V.I. Reus F. Manfredi Ketoconazole administration in hypercortisolemic depression Am J Psychiatry 150 1993 810 812
118. O.M. Wolkowitz M. Sutton M. Loula Chronic corticosterone administration in rats: Behavioral and biochemical evidence of increased central dopaminergic activity Eur J Pharmacol 122 1986 329 338
119. M.J. Wood M. Rubinstein An atypical responder to clozapine [letter] Am J Psychiatry 147 1990 369