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Localio, R.7
Lipsitz, S.R.8
Newhouse, J.P.9
Weiler, P.C.10
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Pierpont GL, Thilgen D: Effect of computerized charting on nursing activity in intensive care. Crit Care Med 1995, 23:1067-1073. The introduction of a PDMS in a coronary care unit reduced the time nurses spent on data gathering and charting (10% reduction) but brought the new task of working at a terminal (10% increase). Computerized records cannot be expected to necessarily provide extra nursing time.
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Pierpont, G.L.1
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Kari A: Information systems for intensive care are ready - are we? Intensive Care Med 1995, 21:701-702.
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Donchin Y, Gopher D, Oolin M, Badihi Y, Biesky M, Sprung CL, Pizov R, Cotev S: A look into the nature and causes of human errors in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 1995, 23:294-300. This important study looked at occurrence and severity of human-induced adverse events ('errors') as an indicator for process quality. Occurrence was 1.7 adverse events per patient day or two potentially detrimental incidents per day for the whole unit. Nurses and physicians contributed equally and in 37% of the events insufficient communication between the two professions was involved.
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Donchin, Y.1
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Biesky, M.5
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Pizov, R.7
Cotev, S.8
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Hart GK, Baldwin I, Gutteridge G, Ford J: Adverse incident reporting in intensive care. Anaesth Intensive Care 1994, 22:556-561. The authors report 390 incidents, 106 of which were harmful. Anonymous voluntary reporting was used and reporting frequency varied considerably. Incidence monitoring as a continuous routine and closing the loop by regularly taking corrective action was applied successfully.
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Hart, G.K.1
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Emanuel LL: Advance directive: do they work? J Am Coll Cardiol 1995, 25:35-38.
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Johnson, R.F.1
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Shortell, S.M.1
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Gillies, R.R.4
Wagner, D.P.5
Draper, E.A.6
Knaus, W.A.7
Duffy, J.8
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24
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The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe
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Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, Bruining HA, White J, Nicolas-Chanoin MH, Wolff M, Spencer RC, Hemmer M, for the EPIC International Advisory Committee: The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. JAMA 1995, 274:639-644. A large prevalence study of nosocomial infections with an original design. Infections importantly contribute to ICU mortality and ranged from 10 to 32% in the different countries. Infection prevention must become part of process quality in ICUs and the findings of this study should be used as reference point to monitor progress.
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Vincent, J.L.1
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Bruining, H.A.4
White, J.5
Nicolas-Chanoin, M.H.6
Wolff, M.7
Spencer, R.C.8
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Widmer AF: Infection control and prevention strategies in the ICU. Intensive Care Med 1994, 20(suppl 4):7-11.
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Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Draper EA, Knaus WA: Improving intensive care unit discharge decision: supplementing physician judgment with predictions of next day risk for life support. Crit Care Med 1994, 22:1373-1384. The authors suggest a combination of APACHE III and TISS (Therapeutic Intervention Severity Score) to calculate the probability that a patient will need active ICU treatment on the next day. Even if the discharges were not actually performed as suggested by these calculations, such models might provide helpful additional information for ICU discharge decisions.
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Zimmerman, J.E.1
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Omalley MK, Rhame FS, Cerra FB, Mccomb RC: Value of routine pressure monitoring system changes after 72 hours of continuous use. Crit Care Med 1994, 22:1424-1430.
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Assessment of critical care nurses' knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter
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Iberti TJ, Daily EK, Leibowitz AB, Schecter CB, Fischer EP, Silverstein JH, Albertson TE, Cerra FB, Connors AF, Halpern NA, et al.: Assessment of critical care nurses' knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter. Crit Care Med 1994, 22:1674-1678.
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Silverstein, J.H.6
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The use of APACHE III to evaluate ICU length of stay, resource use, and mortality after coronary artery by-pass surgery
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Becker RB, Zimmerman JE, Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Seneff MG, Draper EA, Higgins TL, Estafanous FG, Loop FD: The use of APACHE III to evaluate ICU length of stay, resource use, and mortality after coronary artery by-pass surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg 1995, 36:1-11.
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Draper, E.A.6
Higgins, T.L.7
Estafanous, F.G.8
Loop, F.D.9
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Mortality Probability Models (MPMII) based on an international cohort of intensive care unit patients
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Lemeshow S, Teres D, Klar J, Avrunin JS, Gehlbach SH, Rapoport J: Mortality Probability Models (MPMII) based on an international cohort of intensive care unit patients. JAMA 1993, 270:2478-2486.
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Outcome prediction for individual intensive care patients: Useful misused, or abused?
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Lemeshow S, Klar J, Teres D: Outcome prediction for individual intensive care patients: useful misused, or abused? Intensive Care Med 1995, 21:770-776. This review specifies when outcome prediction and severity scores can be used meaningfully. One field is quality assessment of ICU performance, in which either different units can be compared or single units can be followed over an extended time.
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Intensive Care Med
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Lemeshow, S.1
Klar, J.2
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Evaluation of predictive ability of APACHE II system and hospital outcome in Canadian intensive care unit patients
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Wong DT, Crofts SL, Gomez M, Mcguire GP, Byrick RJ: Evaluation of predictive ability of APACHE II system and hospital outcome in Canadian intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 1995, 23:1177-1183.
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Wong, D.T.1
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39
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0029001520
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Evaluation of severity scoring systems in ICUs-translation, conversion and definition ambiguities as a source of interobserver variability in Apache II, SAPS and OSF
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Féry-Lemonnier E, Landais P, Loirat P, Kleinknecht D, Brivet F: Evaluation of severity scoring systems in ICUs-translation, conversion and definition ambiguities as a source of interobserver variability in Apache II, SAPS and OSF. Intensive Care Med 1995, 21:356-360. The authors raise important questions about interobserver variability in the application of physiological scores.
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Intensive Care Med
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Féry-Lemonnier, E.1
Landais, P.2
Loirat, P.3
Kleinknecht, D.4
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40
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0028877539
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Should morbidity replace mortality as an endpoint for clinical trials in intensive care?
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Petros AJ, Marshall JC, Vansaene HKF: Should morbidity replace mortality as an endpoint for clinical trials in intensive care? Lancet 1995, 345:369-371. ICU mortality has remained about the same over the years. The authors therefore argue that effects of new therapies should be evaluated by measuring morbidity with appropriate scores rather than always looking at mortality.
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Lancet
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Petros, A.J.1
Marshall, J.C.2
Vansaene, H.K.F.3
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients: Immediate and long-term survival
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Karetzky M, Zubair M, Parikh J: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients: immediate and long-term survival. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:1277-1280.
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Intensive care for critically ill elderly: Mortality costs, and quality of life: Review of the literature
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Chelluri L, Grenvik A, Silverman M: Intensive care for critically ill elderly: mortality costs, and quality of life: review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:1012-1022.
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Chelluri, L.1
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0028899501
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Predicting future functional status for seriously ill hospitalized adults - The SUPPORT prognostic model
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Wu AW, Damiano AM, Lynn J, Alzola C, Teno J, Landefield CS, Desbiens N, Tsevat J, Mayeroakes A, Harrell FE, Knaus WA: Predicting future functional status for seriously ill hospitalized adults - the SUPPORT prognostic model. Ann Intern Med 1995, 122:342-350.
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Wu, A.W.1
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Desbiens, N.7
Tsevat, J.8
Mayeroakes, A.9
Harrell, F.E.10
Knaus, W.A.11
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The use of 'quality-adjusted life years' (QALYs) to evaluate treatment in intensive care
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Kerridge RK, Glasziou PP, Hillman KM: The use of 'quality-adjusted life years' (QALYs) to evaluate treatment in intensive care. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995, 23:322-331. This work attempts to use QALYs for assessing outcome of ICU survivors. Apart from structured chronic health scores, the patient's own perception of his or her quality of life was looked at. The authors show that quantification of outcome in ICU survivors is feasible.
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Anaesth Intensive Care
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Kerridge, R.K.1
Glasziou, P.P.2
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Quality of life after intensive care with the sickness impact profile
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Tian ZM, Miranda DR: Quality of life after intensive care with the sickness impact profile. Intensive Care Med 1995, 21:422-428. For the first time the Sickness Impact Profile has been used for a large number of ICU patients. It combines physical status with psychosocial elements.
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Intensive Care Med
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Tian, Z.M.1
Miranda, D.R.2
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A randomized trial of care in a hospital medical unit especially designed to improve the functional outcomes of acutely ill older patients
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Landefeld CS, Palmer RM, Kresevic DM, Fortinsky RH, Kowal J: A randomized trial of care in a hospital medical unit especially designed to improve the functional outcomes of acutely ill older patients. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:1338-1344.
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Cleveland health quality choice: A model for collaborative community-based outcomes assessment
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