Management of secondary peritonitis

Annals of Surgery

Volumn 224, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 10-18

  Wittmann, Dietmar H ^a   Schein, Moshe ^a   Condon, Robert E ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CILASTATIN PLUS IMIPENEM; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; METRONIDAZOLE; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE;

ABDOMINAL ABSCESS; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; PATHOGENESIS; PERITONITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ABDOMEN; ABSCESS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; PERITONITIS;

EID: 0029885502     PISSN: 00034932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199607000-00003     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Goris RJA, te Boekhorst TPA, Nuytinck JKS, Gimbrere JSF. Multiple-organ failure: generalized autodestructive inflammation? Arch Surg 1985; 120:1109-1115.
2. Marshall JC, Sweeney D. Microbial infection and the septic response in critical illness. Arch Surg 1990; 125:17-23.
3. Bone RG. Sepsis, SIRS and MODS: the new definition. Proceedings of Sepsis/SIRS. Washington, DC, February 21-22, 1995.
4. Bohnen JMA, Solomkin JS, Dellinger EP, et al. Guidelines for clinical care: anti-infective agents for intra-abdominal infection: a Surgical Infection Society policy statement. Arch Surg 1992; 127:83-89.
5. Wittmann DH. Symposium of intra-abdominal infections: introduction. World J Surg 1990; 14:145-230.
6. Wittmann DH, Walker AP, Condon RE. Peritonitis, intra-abdominal infection, and intra-abdominal abscess. In: Schwartz SI, Shires GT, Spencer FC, eds. Principles of Surgery. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1993:1449-1484.
7. Rotstein OD, Meakins JL. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of intra-abdominal infections. World J Surg 1990; 14:159-166.
8. Rotstein OD, Simmons RL. Peritonitis and intraabdominal abscess. In: Barie PS, Shires GT, eds. Surgical Intensive Care. Boston: Little Brown & Co; 1994:1043-1063.
9. Bohnen J, Boulanger M, Meakins JL, McLean AP. Prognosis in generalized peritonitis: relation to cause and risk factors. Arch Surg 1983; 118:285-290.
10. Meakins JL. Solomkin JS, Allo MD, et al. A Proposed classification of intra-abdominal infections. Arch Surg 1984; 119:1372-1378.
11. Dellinger EP, Wertz MJ, Meakins JL, et al. Surgical infection stratification system for intra-abdominal infection. Arch Surg 1985; 120:21-29.
12. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 13:818-829.
13. Nyström PO, Bax R, Dellinger EP, et al. Proposed definitions for diagnosis, severity scoring, stratifications, and outcome for trials on intra-abdominal infection. World J Surg 1990; 14:148-158.
14. Finegold SM. Microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Wilson SE, Finegold SM, Williams RA, eds. Intra-Abdominal Infection. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1982:1-22.
15. Bentley DW, Nichols RL, Condon RE, Gorbach SL. The microflora of the human ileum and intra-abdominal colon: results of direct needle aspiration at surgery and evaluation of technique. J Lab Clin Med 1972; 79:421-426.
16. Krepel CJ, Gohr CM, Edmiston CE, Condon RE. Surgical sepsis: constancy of antibiotic susceptibility of causative organisms. Surgery 1995; 117:505-509.
17. Marshall JC, Christou NV, Meakins JL. The gastrointestinal tract: the "undrained abscess" of multiple organ failure. Ann Surg 1993; 218:111-119.
18. Bartlett JG, Onderdonk AB, Louie TJ, Kasper DL. A review: lesson from an animal model of intra-abdominal sepsis. Arch Surg 1978; 113:853-857.
19. Maddaus MA, Ahrenholz D, Simmons RL. The biology of peritonitis and implications for treatment. Surg Clin North Am 1988; 68:431-433.
20. Parrillo JE. Pathogenic mechanisms of septic shock. New Engl J Med 1993; 328:1471-1477.
21. Patel RT, Deen KI, Youngs J, et al. Interleukin 6 is a prognostic indicator of ourcome in severe intra-abdominal sepsis. Br J Surg 1994; 81:1306-1308
22. Holzheimer RG, Schein M, Wittmann DH. Inflammatory Mediators in Plasma and Peritoneal Exudate of Patients Undergoing Staged Abdominal Repair (STAR) for Severe Peritonitis. Arch Surg 1995; 130:1314-1320.
23. Deitch EA. Cytokines yes, cytokines no, cytokines maybe? Crit Care Med 1993; 21:817-819
24. Baigrie RJ, Lamont PM, Kwiatowski D, et al. Systemic cytokine response after major surgery. Br J Surg 1992; 79:757-760
25. Schein M, Solomkin J, Wittmann DH. Cytokines in peritonitis. Curr Opinion Surg Infect 1995; 3:123-127.
26. Lancaster JR, Hibbs JB. EPR demonstration of iron-nitrosyl complex formation by cytotoxic activated macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990; 87:1223-1227.
27. Palmer RMJ. The discovery of nitric oxide in the vessel wall. Arch Surg 1993; 128:396-401.
28. Wittmann DH. Newer methods of operative therapy for peritonitis. In: Nyhus LM, Baker RG, Fischer JE. Mastery of Surgery. Boston, MA: Little Brown and Co; 1996 (in press).
29. Wittmann DH, Bergstein JM, Frantzides CT. Calculated empiric antimicrobial therapy for mixed surgical infections. Infection 1991; 19(suppl 6):345-350.
30. Solomkin JS, Meakins JL, Dellinger EP. Antibiotics trials in intraabdominal infections: a critical evaluation of study design and outcome reporting. Ann Surg 1984; 201:29-39.
31. Schein M. Management of severe intra-abdominal infection. Surg Annu 1992; 24:47-68.
32. Gorbach SL. Intra-abdominal infections: state of the art clinical article. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17:961-967.
33. Wittmann DH, Schassan HH. Penetration of eight beta-lactam antibiotics into peritoneal fluid. Arch Surg 1983; 112:205-212.
34. Simmen HP, Battaglia H, Kossmann T, Blaser J. Effect of pH in peritoneal fluid on outcome of aminoglycoside treatment in intraabdominal infections. World J Surg 1993; 17:393-397.
35. Stone HH, Strom PR, Fabian TC, Dunlop WE. The third-generation cephalosporins for polymicrobial surgical sepsis. Arch Surg 1983; 118:193-200.
36. Hopkins JA, Wilson SE, Bobey DG. Adjunctive antimicrobial therapy for complicated appendicitis: bacterial overkill by combination therapy. World J Surg 1994; 18:933-938.
37. Mosdell DM, Morris DM, Voltura A, et al. Antibiotic treatment for surgical peritonitis. Ann Surg 1991; 214:543-549.
38. Kirschner M. Die Behandlung der akuten eitrigen freien Bauchfellentzuendung. Langenb Arch Chir 1926; 142:53-267.
39. Solomkin JS, Dellinger EP, Christou NV, Busuttil RW. Results of a multicenter trial comparing imipenem/cilastatin to tobramycin/ clindamycin for intra-abdominal infections. Ann Surg 1990; 212:581-591.
40. Mosdell DM, Morris D, Fry DE. Peritoneal cultures and antibiotic therapy in pediatric perforated appendicitis. Am J Surg 1994; 167:313-316.
41. Condon RE, Wittmann DH. The use of antibiotics in general surgery. Curr Prob Surg 1991; 28:803-949.
42. Lennard E, Dellinger E, Wertz MJ, Minshew BH. Implications of leukocytosis and fever at conclusion of antibiotic therapy of intraabdominal sepsis. Ann Surg 1982; 195:19-23.
43. Schein M, Karban A, Assalia A, Eldar S. Current attitudes concerning the duration of antibiotic therapy following operations for abdominal contamination and infection: results of an Israeli national survey. Theor Surg 1994; 9:160-164.
44. Hadjiminas D, Cheadle W, Spain D, et al. Antibiotic overkill of trauma victims. Am J Surg 1994; 168:288-290.
45. Schein M, Assalia A, Bachus H. Minimal antibiotic therapy after emergency abdominal surgery: a prospective study. Br J Surg 1994; 81:989-991.
46. Aprahamian C, Schein M, Wittmann DH. Cefotaxime and metronidazole in severe intra-abdominal infection. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 22:183-188.
47. Prins JM, Deventer S.J.H., Deventer SJH, et al. Clinical relevance of antibiotic-induced endotoxin release. Antimirob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:121-1218.
48. Mock C, Dries D, Jurkovich GJ, Maier RV. Antibiotics which result in greater endotoxin release are associated with greater mortality in septic trauma patients. Arch Surg 1995; 130:1234-1241.
49. Schein M, Saadia R, Decker GG. Intraoperative peritoneal lavage. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1988; 166:187-195.
50. Schein M, Cecelter G, Freinkel W, Gerding H. Peritoneal lavage in abdominal sepsis: a controlled clinical study. Arch Surg 1990; 125:1132-1135.
51. Shar T, Schein M. The role of fibrin and heparin in intra-abdominal infection. Surg Res Comm 1991; 10:299-303.
52. Polk HC, Fry DE. Radical peritoneal debridement for established peritonitis. Ann Surg 1980; 192:350-355.
53. Leiboff AR, Soroff HS. The treatment of generalized peritonitis by closed postoperative peritoneal lavage. Arch Surg 1987; 122:1005-1010.
54. Farthmann EH, Schöffel U. Principles and limitations of operative management of intraabdominal infections. World J Surg 1990; 14:210-217.
55. Barendregt W, de Bower H, Kubat K. The results of autopsy of patients with surgical disease of the digestive tract. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1992; 175:227-232.
56. Norton LW. Does drainage of intraabdominal pus reverse multiple organ failure? Am J Surg 1985; 149:347-350.
57. Steinberg D. On leaving the peritoneal cavity open in acute generalized suppurative peritonitis. Am J Surg 1979; 137:216-220.
58. Schein M, Saadia R, Decker GG. The open management of the septic abdomen. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1986; 163:587-591.
59. Penninckx FM, Kerremans RPJ, Lauwers PM. Planned relaparotomies in the surgical treatment of severe generalized peritonitis from intestinal origin. World J Surg 1983; 7:762-766.
60. Teichmann W, Wittmann DH, Andreone A. Scheduled reoperations (Etappenlavage) for diffuse peritonitis. Arch Surg 1986; 121:147-152.
61. Wittmann DH, Aprahamian C, Bergstein JM. Etappenlavage, advanced diffuse peritonitis managed by planned multiple laparotomies utilizing zippers, slide fastener, and velcro analogue for temporary abdominal closure. World J Surg 1990; 14:218-226.
62. Ivatury R, Nallathambi M, Prakaschanda R, et al. Open management of the septic abdomen: therapeutic and prognostic consideration based on APACHE II. Crit Care Med 1989; 17:511-515.
63. Lèvy E, Palmer D, Frileux P, et al. Septic necrosis of the midline wound in postoperative peritonitis. Ann Surg 1988; 207:470-479.
64. Schein M, Wittmann DH, Aprahamian C, Condon RE. Abdominal compartment syndrome: the physiological and clinical consequences of elevated intra-abdominal pressure. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 180:745-753.
65. Schein M. Planned reoperations and open management in critical intra-abdominal infections: prospective experience in 52 cases. World J Surg 1991; 15:537-545.
66. Kinney EV, Polk HC. Open treatment of peritonitis: an argument against. Adv Surg 1987;21:19-28.
67. Garcia-Sabrido JL, Tellado JM, Christou NW, et al. Treatment of severe intra-abdominal sepsis and/or necrotic foci by an "open abdomen" approach. Arch Surg 1988; 123:152-156.
68. Wittmann DH, Bansal N, Bergstein JM, et al. Staged abdominal repair compares favorably with conventional operative therapy for intra-abdominal infections when adjusting for prognostic factors with a logistic model. Theor Surg 1994; 9:201-207.
69. Christou NV, Barie PS, Dellinger EP, et al. Surgical Infection Society intra-abdominal infection study: prospective evaluation of management techniques and outcome. Arch Surg 1993; 128:193-199.
70. Hau T. Ohmann C, Wolmershäuser H, et al. Planned reaparotomy vs relaparotomy on demand in the treatment of intraperitoneal infections: a case controlled study. Curr Opinion Surg Infect 1995; 3(suppl):28 (abstract).
71. Waydhas C, Nast-Kolb D, Kick M, et al. Traumatic inflammatory response, secondary operations, and late multiple organ failure. J Trauma 1994; 74:164 (abstract).
72. Edmiston CE, Goheen MP, Kornhall S, et al. Fecal peritonitis: microbial adherence to serosal mesothelium and resistance to peritoneal lavage. World J Surg 1990; 14:176-183.
73. Bohnen JMA, Mustard R. A critical look at scheduled relaparotomy for secondary bacterial peritonitis. Surg Gyencol Obstet 1992; 172(suppl):25-29.
74. Schein M, Assalia A. The role of planned reoperations and laparostomy in severe intraabdominal infection: is a prospective randomized trial possible? Theor Surg 1994; 9:38-42.
75. Levison MA, Zeigler D. Correlation of APACHE II score, drainage technique and outcome in postoperative intra-abdominal abscess. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 172:89-94.
76. Malangoni MA, Shumate CR, Thomas HA, Richardson JD. Factors influencing the treatment of intra-abdominal abscesses. Am J Surg 190; 159:167-171.