Transfer of low density lipoprotein into the arterial wall and risk of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 123, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 1-15

  Nielsen, Lars Bo ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Endothelium; Lipoprotein kinetics; Low density lipoprotein; Permeability

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ARTERY PERMEABILITY; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ENDOTHELIUM; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING;

EID: 0029885198     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(96)05802-9     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Stary HC, Chandler AB, Glagov S, Guyton JR, Insull Jr. W, Rosenfeld ME, Scharfer SA, Schwartz CJ, Wagner WD, Wissler RW. A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation 1994;89:2462-2478.
2. Getz S. The involvement of lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Evolving concepts. Ann New York Acad Sci 1990;598:17-28.
3. Pyorala K, De Backer G, Graham I, Poole Wilson P, Wood D. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J 1994;15:1300-1331.
4. Niehaus CE, Nicoll A, Wootton R, Williams B, Lewis J, Coltart DJ, Lewis B. Influence of lipid concentrations and age on transfer of plasma lipoprotein into human arterial intima. Lancet 1977;2:469-471.
5. Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg Hansen A, Lewis B. Influx in vivo of low density, intermediate density, and very low density lipoproteins into aortic intimas of genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits. Roles of plasma concentrations, extent of aortic lesion, and lipoprotein particle size as determinants. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:6-18.
6. Schwenke DC, St Clair RW. Influx, efflux, and accumulation of LDL in normal arterial areas and atherosclerotic lesions of white Carneau pigeons with naturally occurring and cholesterol-aggravated aortic atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1368-1381.
7. Stender S, Hjelms E. In vivo transfer of cholesteryl ester from high and low density plasma lipoproteins into human aortic tissue. Arteriosclerosis 1988;8:252-262.
8. Stender S, Zilversmit DB. Transfer of plasma lipoprotein components and of plasma proteins into aortas of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Molecular size as a determinant of plasma lipoprotein influx. Arteriosclerosis 1981;1:38-49.
9. Lin SJ, Jan KM, Weinbaum S, Chien S. Transendothelial transport of low density lipoprotein in association with cell mitosis in rat aorta. Arteriosclerosis 1989;9:230-236.
10. Gorog P, Kakkar VV. Increased uptake of monocyte-treated low density lipoproteins by aortic endothelium in vivo. Atherosclerosis 1987;65:99-107.
11. Schwenke DC, Carew TE. Initiation of atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits. II. Selective retention of LDL vs. selective increases in LDL permeability in susceptible sites of arteries. Arteriosclerosis 1989;9:908-918.
12. Nicoll A, Duffield R, Lewis B. Flux of plasma lipoproteins into human arterial intima. Comparison between grossly normal and atheromatous intima. Atherosclerosis 1981;39:229-242.
13. Portman OW, O'Malley JP, Alexander M. Metabolism of native and acetylated low density lipoproteins in squirrel monkeys with emphasis on aortas with varying severities of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1987;66:227-235.
14. Wiklund O, Carew TE, Steinberg D. Role of the low density lipoprotein receptor in penetration of low density lipoprotein into rabbit aortic wall. Arteriosclerosis 1985;5:135-141.
15. Nielsen LB, Stender S, Kjeldsen K, Nordestgaard BG. Effect of angiotensin II and enalapril on transfer of low-density lipoprotein into aortic intima in rabbits. Circ Res 1994;75:63-69.
16. Andersen HO, Madsen G, Nordestgaard BG, Hansen BF, Kjeldsen K, Stender S. Cyclosporin suppresses transplant arteriosclerosis in the aorta-allografted, cholesterol-clamped rabbit. Suppression preceded by decrease in arterial lipoprotein permeability. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:944-950.
17. Nielsen LB, Nordestgaard BG, Stender S, Kjeldsen K. Aortic permeabilily to LDL as a predictor of aortic cholesterol accumulation in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:1402-1409.
18. Haarbo J, Nielsen LB, Stender S, Christiansen C. Aortic permeability to LDL during estrogen therapy. A study in normocholesterolemic rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:243-247.
19. Nordestgaard BG, Zilversmit DB. Comparison of arterial intimal clearances of LDL from diabetic and nondiabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits. Differences in intimal clearance explained by size differences. Arteriosclerosis 1989;9:176-183.
20. Schnitzer JJ, Morrel EM, Colton CK, Smith KA, Stemerman MB. Absolute quantitative autoradiography of low concentrations of [125I]-labeled proteins in arterial tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 1987;35:1439-1450.
21. Tompkins RG. Quantitative analysis of blood vessel permeability of squirrel monkeys. Am J Physiol 1991;260:H1194-H1204.
22. Bratzler RL, Chisolm GM, Colton CK, Smith KA, Lees RS. The distribution of labeled low-density lipoproteins across the rabbit thoracic aorta in vivo. Atherosclerosis 1977;28:289-307.
23. Penn MS, Saidel GM, Chisolm GM. Relative significance of endothelium and internal elastic lamina in regulating the entry of macromolecules into arteries in vivo. Circ Res 1994;74:74-82.
24. Nordestgaard BG, Hjelms E, Stender S, Kjeldsen K. Different efflux pathways for high and low density lipoproteins from porcine aortic intima. Arteriosclerosis 1990;10:477-485.
25. Schwenke DC, Zilversmit DB. The arterial barrier to lipoprotein influx in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. 1. Studies during the first two days after mild aortic injury. Atherosclerosis 1989;77:91-103.
26. Herrmann RA, Malinauskas RA, Truskey GA. Characterization of sites with elevated LDL permeability at intercostal, celiac, and iliac branches of the normal rabbit aorta. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:313-323.
27. Truskey GA, Roberts WL, Herrmann RA, Malinauskas RA. Measurement of endothelial permeability to 125I-low density lipoproteins in rabbit arteries by use of en face preparations. Circ Res 1992;71:883-897.
28. Schwenke DC, Zilversmit DB. The arterial barrier to lipoprotein influx in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. 2. Long-term studies in deendothelialized and reendothelialized aortas. Atherosclerosis 1989;77:105-115.
29. Nielsen LB, Nordestgaard B, Stender S, Niendorf A, Kjeldsen K. Transfer of lipoprotein(a) and LDL into aortic intima in normal and in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1995;15:1492-1502.
30. Tompkins RG, Yarmush ML, Schnitzer JJ, Colton CK, Smith KA, Stemerman MB. Low-density lipoprotein transport in blood vessel walls of squirrel monkeys. Am J Physiol 1989;257:H452-H464.
31. Christensen S, Stender S, Nyvad O, Bagger H. In vivo fluxes of plasma cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and protein into mini-pig aortic and pulmonary segments. Atherosclerosis 1982;41:309-319.
32. Ghosh S, Armstrong ML, Megan MB, Cheng FH. Arterial uptake indices of low density lipoproteins after fatty streak formation in Cynomolgus monkeys. Cardiovasc Res 1987;21:14-20.
33. Wootton R, Baskerville P, Turner P, Insell M, Shaikh M, La Ville A, Quiney J, Browse NL, Lewis B. A method for quantifying lipoprotein flux rates between plasma and arterial intima in vivo. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 1987;8:65-74.
34. Shaikh M, Wootton R, Nordestgaard BG, Baskerville P, Lumley JS, La Ville AE, Quiney J. Lewis B. Quantitative studies of transfer in vivo of low density, Sf 12-60, and Sf 60-400 lipoproteins between plasma and arterial intima in humans. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:569-577.
35. Nordestgaard BG, Wootton R, Lewis B. Selective retention of VLDL, IDL, and LDL in the arterial intima of gentically hyperlipidemic rabbits in vivo. Molecular size as a determinant of fractional loss from the intima-inner media. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:534-542.
36. Stender S, Hjelms E. In vivo transfer of cholesterol from plasma into human aortic tissue. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1987;186:21-29.
37. Stender S. The in vivo transfer of free and esterified cholesterol from plasma into the arterial wall of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1982;161:43-52.
38. Carew TE, Pittman RC, Marchand ER, Steinberg D. Measurement of irreversible degradation of low density lipoprotein in the rabbit aorta. Predominance of intimal degradation. Arteriosclerosis 1984;4:214-224.
39. Baldwin AL, Wilson LM, Simon BR. Effect of pressure on aortic hydraulic conductance. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:163-171.
40. Duncan Jr LE, Buck K, Lynch A. Lipoprotein movement through canine aortic wall. Science 1963;142:972-973.
41. Fry DL, Herderick EE, Johnson DK. Local intimal-medial uptakes of 125I-albumin, 125I-LDL, and parenteral Evans blue dye protein complex along the aortas of normocholesterolemic minipigs as predictors of subsequent hypercholesterolemic atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1193-1204.
42. Thubrikar MJ, Keller AC, Holloway PW, Nolan SP. Distribution of low density lipoprotein in the branch and non-branch regions of the aorta. Atherosclerosis 1992;97:1-9.
43. Nievelstein PFEM, Fogelman AM, Mottino G, Frank JS. Lipid accumulation in rabbit aortic intima 2 hours after bolus infusion of low density lipoprotein. A deep-etch and immunolocalization study of ultrarapidly frozen tissue. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:1795-1805.
44. Hoff HF, Bradley WA, Heideman CL, Gaubatz JW, Karagas MD, Gotto Jr AM. Characterization of low density lipoprotein-like particle in the human aorta from grossly normal and atherosclerotic regions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1979;573:361-374.
45. Stein O, Stein Y, Eisenberg S. A radioautographic study of the transport of 125I-labeled serum lipoproteins in rat aorta. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 1973;138:223-237.
46. Vasile E, Simionescu M, Simionescu N. Visualization of the binding, endocytosis, and transcytosis of low-density lipoprotein in the arterial endothelium in situ. J Cell Biol 1983;96:1677-1689.
47. Vasile E, Antohe F, Simionescu M, Simionescu N. Transport pathways of beta-VLDL by aortic endothelium of normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1989;75:195-210.
48. Weinbaum S, Tzeghai G, Ganatos P, Pfeffer R, Chien S. Effect of cell turnover and leaky junctions on arterial macromolecular transport. Am J Physiol 1985;248:H945-H960.
49. Frøkjær-Jensen J. The continuous capillary: structure and function. Biol Skr Dan Vid Selsk 1985;25:209-253.
50. Lin SJ, Jan KM, Chien S. Role of dying endothelial cells in transendothelial macromolecular transport. Arteriosclerosis 1990;10:703-709.
51. Kao CH, Chen JK, Yang VC. Ultrastructure and permeability of endothelial cells in branched regions of rat arteries. Atherosclerosis 1994;105:97-114.
52. Stary HC, Blakenhorn DH, Chandler AB, Glagov S, Insull Jr W, Richardson M, Rosenfeld ME, Schaffer SA, Schwartz CJ, Wagner WD, Wissler RW. A definition of the intima of human arteries and of its atherosclerosis-prone regions. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation 1992;85:391-405.
53. Bell FP, Somer JB, Craig IH, Schwartz CJ. Patterns of aortic Evans blue uptake in vivo and in vitro. Atherosclerosis 1972;16:369-375.
54. Somer JB, Schwartz CJ. Focal 3H-cholesterol uptake in the pig aorta. Atherosclerosis 1971;13:293-304.
55. Collins EF, Beltz WF, Carew TE. Arterial LDL permeability as a predictor of the LDL concentration in the arterial wall (abstract). Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:1475a-1476a.
56. Stemerman MB, Morrel EM, Burke KR, Colton CK, Smith KA, Lees RS. Local variation in arterial wall permeability to low density lipoprotein in normal rabbit aorta. Arteriosclerosis 1986;6:64-69.
57. Morrel EM, Holland JA, Pritchard KA, Colton CK, Stemerman MB. Endothelial cell perturbation and low-density lipoprotein. Quantitative autoradiography. Ann New York Acad Sci 1987;516:412-417.
58. Penn MS, Koelle MR, Schwartz SM, Chisolm GM. Visualization and quantification of transmural concentration profiles of macromolecules across the arterial wall. Circ Res 1990;67:11-22.
59. Yu QC, McNeil PL. Transient disruptions of aortic endothelial cell plasma membranes. Am J Pathol 1992;141:1349-1360.
60. Friedman MH, Fry DL. Arterial permeability dynamics and vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 1993;104:189-194.
61. Davies PF, Remuzzi A, Gordon EJ, Dewey CFJ, Gimbrone MAJ. Turbulent fluid shear stress induces vascular endothelial cell turnover in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;83:2114-2117.
62. Carew TE, Patel DJ. Effect of tensile and shear stress on intimal permeability of the left coronary artery in dogs. Atherosclerosis 1973;18:179-189.
63. Williams KJ, Tabas I. The response-to-retention hypothesis of early atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:551-561.
64. Falcone DJ, Hajjar DP, Minick CR. Lipoprotein and albumin accumulation in reendothelialized and deendothelialized aorta. Am J Pathol 1984;114:112-120.
65. Alavi M, Moore S. Kinetics of low density lipoprotein interactions with rabbit aortic wall following balloon catheter deendothelialization. Arteriosclerosis 1984;4:395-402.
66. Tompkins RG, Schnitzer JJ, Yarmush ML. Macromolecular transport within heart valves. Circ Res 1989;64:1213-1223.
67. Schwenke DC, Carew TE. Initiation of atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits. I. Focal increases in arterial LDL concentration precede development of fatty streak lesions. Arteriosclerosis 1989;9:895-907.
68. Schwenke DC, Carew TE. Quantification in vivo of increased LDL content and rate of LDL degradation in normal rabbit aorta occurring at sites susceptible to early atherosclerotic lesions. Circ Res 1988;62:699-710.
69. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993;362:801-809.
70. Guyton JR, Shaffer DR, Henry PD. Stress fibers in endothelial cells overlying atherosclerotic lesions in rabbit aorta. Am J Med Sci 1989;298:79-82.
71. Cooke JP, Tsao PS. Is NO an endogenous antiatherogenic molecule? Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:653-655.
72. Kurose I, Kubes P, Wolf R, Anderson DC, Paulson J, Miyasaka M, Granger DN. Inhibition of nitric oxide production. Mechanisms of vascular albumin leakage. Circ Res 1993;73:164-171.
73. Naruse K, Shimizu K, Muramatsu M, Toki Y, Miyazaki Y, Okumura K, Hashimoto H, Ito T. Long-term inhibition of NO synthesis promotes atherosclerosis in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit thoracic aorta. PGH2 does not contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:746-752.
74. Territo M, Berliner JA, Fogelman AM. Effect of monocyte migration on low density lipoprotein transport across aortic endothelial cell monolayers. J Clin Invest 1984;74:2279-2284.
75. Navab M, Hough GP, Stevenson LW, Drinkwater DC, Laks H, Fogelman AM. Monocyte migration into the subendothelial space of a coculture of adult human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1988;82:1853-1863.
76. Kurose I, Wolf R, Grisham MB, Granger DN. Modulation of ischemia/reperfusion-induced microvascular dysfunction by nitric oxide. Circ Res 1994;74:376-382.
77. Guretzki HJ, Gerbitz KD, Olgemoller B, Schleicher E. Atherogenic levels of low density lipoprotein alter the permeability and composition of the endothelial barrier. Atherosclerosis 1994;107:15-24.
78. Navab M, Hough GP, Berliner JA, Frank JA, Fogelman AM, Haberland ME, Edwards PA. Rabbit beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein increases endothelial macromolecular transport without altering electrical resistance. J Clin Invest 1986;78:389-397.
79. Stemerman MB. Effects of moderate hypercholesterolemia on rabbit endothelium. Arteriosclerosis 1981;1:25-32.
80. Menzoian JO, Haudenschild CC, Shipman JL, Chobanian AV. Functional alteration of endothelium by short-term cholesterol feeding. Exp Mol Pathol 1986;45:270-278.
81. Holland JA, Pritchard KA, Rogers NJ, Stemerman MB. Atherogenic levels of low-density lipoprotein increase endocytotic activity in cultured human endothelial cells. Am J Pathol 1992;140:551-558.
82. Bretherton KN, Day AJ, Skinner SL. Effect of hypertension on the entry of 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein into the aortic intima in normal-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1976;24:99-106.
83. Tedgui A, Merval R, Esposito B. Albumin transport characteristics of rat aorta in early phase of hypertension. Circ Res 1992;71:932-942.
84. Curmi PA, Juan L, Tedgui A. Effect of transmural pressure on low density lipoprotein and albumin transport and distribution across the intact arterial wall. Circ Res 1990;66:1692-1702.
85. Fry DL, Haupt MW, Pap JM. Effect of endothelial integrity, transmural pressure, and time on the intimal-medial uptake of serum 125I-albumin and 125I-LDL in an in vitro porcine arterial organ-support system. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:1313-1328.
86. Rutledge JC. Temperature and hydrostatic pressure-dependent pathways of low-density lipoprotein transport across microvascular barrier. Am J Physiol 1992;262:H234-H245.
87. Rutledge JC, Curry FR, Lenz JF, Davis PA. Low density lipoprotein transport across a microvascular endothelial barrier after permeability is increased. Circ Res 1990;66:486-495.
88. Huttner I, Costabella PM, De Chastonay C, Gabbiani G. Volume, surface, and junctions of rat aortic endothelium during experimental hypertension: a morphometric and freeze fracture study. Lab Invest 1982;46:489-504.
89. Gabbiani G, Elemer G, Guelpa C, Vallotton MB, Badonnel MC, Huttner I. Morphologic and functional changes of the aortic intima during experimental hypertension. Am J Pathol 1979;96:399-422.
90. Huttner I, More RH, Rona G. Fine structural evidence of specific mechanism for increased endothelial permeability in experimental hypertension. Am J Pathol 1970;61:395-412.
91. Wu CH, Chi JC, Jerag JS, Lin SJ, Jan KM, Wang DL, Chien S. Transendothelial macromolecular transport in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1990;16:154-161.
92. Cardona Sanclemente LE, Born GV. Adrenaline increases the uptake of low-density lipoproteins in carotid arteries of rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1992;96:215-218.
93. Pettersson K, Bejne B, Bjork H, Strawn WB, Bondjers G. Experimental sympathetic activation causes endothelial injury in the rabbit thoracic aorta via beta 1-adrenoceptor activation. Circ Res 1990;67:1027-1034.
94. Stender S, Gustafsson D. Aortic permeabilities to plasma lipoproteins and albumin in normocholesterolemic rabbits during short term sympathetic activation and metoprolol treatment. 8th International Symposium on Atherosclerosis 1988;897 (abstract).
95. Feig LA, Peppas NA, Colton CK, Smith KA, Lees RS. The effect of angiotensin II on in vivo albumin transport in normal rabbit aortic tissue. Atherosclerosis 1982;44:307-318.
96. Robertson AL, Khairallah PA. Effects of angiotensin II and some analogues on vascular permeability in the rabbit. Circ Res 1972;31:923-931.
97. Penn MS, Chisolm GM. Relation between lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell injury and entry of macromolecules into the rat aorta in vivo. Circ Res 1991;68:1259-1269.
98. Lin SJ, Hong CY, Chang MS, Chiang BN, Chien S. Long-term nicotine exposure increases aortic endothelial cell death and enhances transendothelial macromolecular transport in rats. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:1305-1312.
99. Gerhard M, Ganz P. How do we explain the clinical benefits of estrogen. From bedside to bench. Circulation 1995;92:5-8.
100. Wagner JD, Clarkson TB, St. Clair RW, Schwenke DC, Shively CA, Adams MR. Estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy reduces low density lipoprotein accumulation in the coronary arteries of surgically post-menopausal cynomolgus monkeys. J Clin Invest 1991;88:1995-2002.
101. Hough JL, Zilversmit DB. Effect of 17 beta estradiol on aortic cholesterol content and metabolism in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Arteriosclerosis 1986;6:57-63.
102. Wagner JD, Adams MR, Schwenke DC, Clarkson TB. Oral contraceptive treatment decreases arterial low density lipoprotein degradation in female cynomolgus monkeys. Circ Res 1993;72:1300-1307.