177 Cardiovascular risk factors, classified in 10 categories, to be considered in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An update of the original 1982 article containing 96 risk factors

Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 21-76

  Omura, Yoshiaki ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h}   Lee, Alice Y ^a,i,j   Beckman, Sandra L ^a,k,l   Simon, Richard ^a,b,h   Lorberboym, Mordechai ^a,m   Duvvi, Harsha ^a,n   Heller, Saul I ^a,o   Urich, Claire ^a  

^a Heart Disease Research Foundation Brooklyn   (United States)

^b Intl Coll Acupuncture Electro T   (United States)

^c MANHATTAN COLLEGE   (United States)

^d BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Ukraine)

^e SHOWA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^f ROSALIND FRANKLIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND SCIENCE   (United States)

^g LONG ISLAND COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (United States)

^h University of Chicago ^*

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^j Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^k Soifer Ctr Lrng and Child Devmt   (United States)

^l CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^m MOUNT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

ⁿ NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^o New York State Board for Medicine

more..

Author keywords

Acupuncture; Atrial Fibrillation; Blood Chemistry; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; Diabetes; Drug Interactions; Drug Food Interactions; ECG; Electromagnetic Field; Environmental; Hypertension; Infections; Lead; Lyme Disease; Magnetic Field; Menopause; Mercury; Nutrition; Obesity

Indexed keywords

ACUPUNCTURE; BIOCHEMISTRY; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION (OF INFORMATION); DISEASES; DRUG INTERACTIONS; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS; NONINVASIVE MEDICAL PROCEDURES; NUTRITION;

BLOOD CHEMISTRY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS; COMPUTER SEARCH; DIABETES; DRUG FOOD INTERACTIONS; HYPERTENSION; MENOPAUSE; OBESITY;

HEALTH RISKS;

ARTICLE; BLOOD CHEMISTRY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CORONARY RISK; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENETIC RISK; HUMAN; MEDICAL CARE; NUTRITION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 0029884228     PISSN: 03601293     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3727/036012996816356942     Document Type: Article

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170. Kjeldsen SE, Rostrup M, Gjesdal K, Eide I. "The epinephrine-blood platelet connection with special reference to essential hypertension," American Heart Journal 122(1 Pt 2):330-336, 1991.
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174. Cregler LL. "Cocaine: the newest risk factor for cardiovascular disease," Clinical Cardiology 14(6):449-456, 1991.
175. See 3.1a; 3.7a See 3.1a.
176. Diez-Tejedor E, Tejada J, Frank A. "Neurologic complications caused by use of cocaine,amphetamines, and sympathomimetics," Archivos de Neurobiologica 52(Suppl 1):162-182, 1989.
177. Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), 49th Edition, Medical Economics Data Production Company: Montvale, NJ, 1995.
178. Edouard A, Froidevaux R, Berdeaux A et al. "Bupivacine accentuates the cardiovascular depressant effects of Verapamil in conscious dogs," European Journal of Anaesthesiology 4(4):249-259, 1987.
179. Foltin RW, Fischman MW, Levin FR. "Cardiovascular effects of cocaine in humans," Drug & Alcohol Dependence 37(3):193-210, 1995.
180. Ibid.
181. Mendelson J, Jones RT, Upton R, Jacob P 3rd. "Methamphetamine and ethanol interactions in humans," Clinical Pharmacology, & Therapeutics 57(5):559-568, 1995.
182. Graedon, Joe and Graedon, Teresa. The People's Guide to Deadly Drug Interactions, St. Martin's Press: New York, 1995.
183. Ibid.
184. Omura Y. Clinical observation.
185. See 3.12.
186. Omura Y. Personal communications with the families of 2 deceased patients.
187. See 3.12.
188. Hantson P , Evenepoel M, Ziade D et al. "Adverse cardiac manifestations following Dextropropoxyphene overdose: can naloxone be helpful?" Annals of Emergency Medicine 25(2):263-266 1995.
189. Lipper B, Bell A, Gaynor B. "Recurrent hypotension immediately after seizures in nortriptyline overdose," American Journal of Emergency Medicine 12(4):452-453, 1994.
190. Glassman AH, Preud'homme XA."Review of the cardiovascular effects of heterocyclic antidepressants," Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 54 (Suppl): 16-22, 1993.
191. Rudorfer MV, Manji HK, Potter WZ. "Comparative tolerability profiles of the newer versus older antidepressants," Drug Safety 10(1)18-46, 1994.
192. Cooling DS. "Theophylline toxicity," Journal of Emergency Medicine 11(4):415-425, 1993.
193. Bodenhamer JE, Smilkstein MJ, "Delayed cardiotoxicity following quinine overdose: a case report," Journal of Emergency Medicine 11(3):279-285, 1993.
194. Ramoska EA, Spiller HA, Winter M, Borys Det al."A one-year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses: toxicity and treatment," Annals of Emergency Medicine 22(2): 196-200, 1993.
195. Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Meyer JV. "Nifedipine: dose-related increases in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease," Circulation 92(5):1326-1331, 1995.
196. Legault C, Furberg CD, Wagenknecht LE. "Nimodipine neuroprotection in cardiac valve replacement: report of an early terminated trial," Stroke 27(4):593-598, 1996.
197. Gaudreault P, Guay J, Thivierge RL, Verdi I. "Benzodiazepine poisonjag. Clinical and pharmacological considerations and treatment," Drug Safety 6(4):247-265, 1991.
198. See 3.12.
199. Chan TY. "Aconitine poisoning following the ingestion of Chinese herbal medicines: a report of eight cases," Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine 23(3):268-271, 1993
200. Lambert B,"New scrutiny for sellers of herbal highs," The New York Times B1-B4, April 23, 1996.
201. See 1.1b.
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204. Anderson JW, Brinkman-Kaplan VL et al. "Relationship of weight loss to cardiovascular risk factors in morbidly obese individuals," Journal of the American College of Nutrition 13(3):256-261, 1994.
205. See 1.1b.
206. Anderson JW, Brinkman-Kaplan VL et al. "Relationship of weight loss to cardiovascular risk factors in morbidly obese individuals," Journal of the American College of Nutrition 13(3):256-261, 1994.
207. Vague J. "The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculous disease," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 4(1):20-34, 1956.
208. Folsom A, Johnson K. "Plasma fibrogen and other cardiovascular risk factors in urban American Indian smokers," Ethnicity and Disease 3(4):344-50, 1993.
209. Lyu LC, Shieh MJ, Bailey SM et al. "Relationship of body fat distribution with cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Chinese," Annals of Epidemiology 4(6):434-44, 1994.
210. Avellone G, Di Garbo V, Cordova R et al. "Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects," International Angiology 13(1):25-29, 1994.
211. Wing R, Jeffery R. "Effect of modest weight loss on changes in cardiovascular risk factors: are there differences between men and women or between weight loss and maintenance?" International Journal of Obesity 19(1):67-73, 1995.
212. Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E et al. "Lower endogenous androgens predict central adiposity in men," Annals of Epidemiology 2(5):675-682, 1992.
213. Barker DJ, Osmond C et al, "The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life," BMJ 306:422-426, 1993.
214. Lane RM, Sweeney M, Henry JA. "Pharmacotherapy of the depressed patient with cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular illness," British Journal of Clinical Practice 48(5):256-262, 1994.
215. Jennum P, Sjol A. "Snoring, sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk factors: the MONICA II Study," International Journal of Epidemiology 22(3)439-444, 1993.
216. Koskenvuo M, Partinen M, Kaprio J et al. "Snoring and cardiovascular risk factors, "Annals of Medicine 26(5):371-376, 1994.
217. Jennum P, Sjol A. "Snoring, sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk factors: the MONICA II Study," International Journal of Epidemiology 22(3)439-444, 1993.
218. See 4.5a.
219. Omura, Y., Personal observation.
220. Gates GA, Cobb JL, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA. "The relation of hearing in the elderly to the presence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors," Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 119(2): 156-61, 1993.
221. Omura Y. Clinical observation.
222. Ibid.
223. Buring JE, Herbert P, Romero J et al. "Migraine and subsequent risk of stroke in the Physicians' Health Study," Archives of Neurology 52(2):129-134, 1995.
224. Omura Y. "The effects of electrical and non-electrical acupuncture on cardiovascular and nervous systems, and pre- and post-acupuncture evaluation of patients, including valuable visible diagnostic signs, such as the 'abnormal cardiovascular sign of the ear lobules'," Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, The International Journal 3:223-250, 1978.
225. Gould L. "Premature hair graying: a probable coronary risk factor," Angiology 29(11):800-803, 1978.
226. Chan T, Ward S. "Coping process theory - a tool to reduce stress and cardiovascular disease," AAOHN Journal 41(10):499-503, 1993.
227. Hotz SB. "Stress and cardiovascular disease risk behaviors; implications for health behavior change," Canadian Journal of Cardiology 11 (Suppl A):8A-11A, 1995.
228. Jern C, Eriksson E, Tengborn L et al. "Changes of plasma coagulation and fibronolysis in response to mental stress," Thrombosis & Haemostasis 62(2):767-771, 1989.
229. Parkes CM, Benjamin B, Fitzgerald RG."Broken heart: a statistical study of increased mortality among widowers," BMJ 1(646):740-743, 1969.
230. Julius S."Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease," American Heart Journal 114(1 Pt 2):232-234, 1987.
231. Patel P, Mendall MA, Carrington D et al. "Association of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors," BMJ 311:711-714, 1995.
232. 4.15b See 1.9b.
233. Herbert PR, Rich-Edwards JW, Manson JE et al. "Height and incidence of cardiovascular disease in male physicians," Circulation 88: 1437-1443, 1993.
234. Kannam JP, Levy D, Larson M et al. "Short stature and risk for mortality and cardiovascular disease events: the Framingham Heart Study," Circulation 90:2241-2247, 1994.
235. Loesche WJ. "Periodontal disease as a risk factor for heart disease," Compendium 15(8):976-991, 1994.
236. Omura Y. "New simple early diagnostic methods using Omura's Bi-Digital O-Ring Dysfunction Localization Method and acupuncture organ representation points, and their applications to the Drug & Food Compatibility Test for individual organs, and to auricular diagnosis of internal organs - Part I[editorial]," Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal 6,(4):239-253, 1981.
237. Omura Y, Nisteruk CJ, Losco Bro M, Heller SI, Omura A, Cook A, Williams G. "Non-invasive early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases by the combined use of the Bi-Digjtal O-Ring Dysfunction Localization Method, organ representation points & minute notches & slurrings appearing in QRS complexes of wide frequency bandwidth ECG's & selective high frequency wide bandwidth ECG's," Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Electrocardiology. Tokyo, June 7-11, 1982.
238. Wilkins RW, Hollander W, Chobanian AV. "Evaluation of hypertensive patients," Reprinted by CIBA from Clinical Symposia 24(2):5-30, 1972.
239. Kothari SS. "When epilepsy masquerades as heart disease. Awareness is key to avoiding misdiagnosis," Postgraduate Medicine 88(6):167, 170-1, 1990.
240. Smith PE, Howell SJ, Owen J, Blumhardt LD et al. "Profiles of instant heart rate during partial seizures," Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology 72(3):207-217, 1989.
241. Gallery ED. "Hypertension in pregnancy. Practical management recommendations," Drugs 49(4):555-562, 1995.
242. Hess W. "Cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. Considerations for the anesthesiologist," Anaesthetist 44(6):395-404, 1995.
243. Omura Y. Clinical observation.
244. Superko HR. "Drug therapy and the prevention of atherosclerosis in humans," American Journal of Cardiology 64(13):310-380, 1989.
245. Steinmetz A, Schmitt W, Schuler P et al. "Ultrasonography of Achilles tendons in primary hypercholesterolemia," Atherosclerosis 74(3):231-239, 1988..
246. Rocchini AP. "Cardiovascular causes of systemic hypertension," Pediatric Clinics of North America 40(1):141-147, 1993.
247. Stare TJ, Abramson SJ, Bierman FZ, Regan JA et al. "Acquired coarctation of the aorta," Pediatric Cardiology 13(1):33-36, 1992.
248. Rao PS. "Coarctation of the aorta," Seminars in Nephrology 15(2):877-105, 1995.
249. Brown JH, Hunt LP, Vites NP et al. "Comparative mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal failure," Nephrology, Dialysis, & Transplantation 9(8): 1136-1142, 1994.
250. Ritz E et al. "Excess cardiovascular mortality in the uremic patient - what does it teach for other risk factors in the non-renal patient?" Polski Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrzne 92:110-116, 1994.
251. See 2.5g.
252. Cressman MD, Heyka RJ, Paganini EP et al. "Lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients," Circulation 86(2):475-482, 1992.
253. Wilkins RW, Hollander W, Chobanian AV. "Evaluation of hypertensive patients," Reprinted by CIBA from Clinical Symposia 24(2):5-30, 1972.
254. Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Manolio TA et al. "Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects: the Cardiovascular Health Study,"American Journal of Cardiology 74(3):236-241, 1994.
255. Manolio TA, Furberg CD, Rautaharju PM et al. "Cardiac arrhythmias on 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography in older women and men: the Cardiovascular Health Study," Journal of the American College of Cardiology 23(4):916-925, 1994.
256. Ben-Haim SA, Palti Y. "Intercellular conduction velocity variability as the basis for re-entrant arrhythmias in the ischemic myocardium," Journal Of Theoretical Biology 154(3):317-330, 1992.
257. Schulte KL, Meyer-Sabellek W, Liederwald K et al. "Detection of cardiac risk in hypertensive patients with left heart hypertrophy," Zetischrift fur Kardiologie 80(Suppl 1),37-40, 1991.
258. Axtell K, Tchon P, Akhtar M. "Survival in patients with depressed left ventricular function treated by implantable cardioverter defibrillator," Pacing & Clinical Electrophysiology 14(2 Pt 2):291-296, 1991..
259. Matthews KA, Meilahn E, Kuller LH et al. "Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease," New England Journal of Medicine 321:641-646, 1989.
260. Madonna RJ. "Optometry and carotid artery," Journal of the American Optometric Association 64(6):398-402, 1993..
261. Salonen R, Salonen JT. "Carotid atherosclerosis in relation to systolic and diastolic blood pressure: Kuopio ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study," Annals of Medicine 23(1):23-27, 1991.
262. Cherninkova S, Shotekov P, Petrova I et al. "Ophthalmological symptoms in patients with internal carotid artery pathology," Vestnik Qftalmologil 110(4):3-4, 1994.
263. Burke GL, Evans GW, Riley WA et al. "Arterial wall thickness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study," Stroke 26(3):386-391, 1995.
264. Ibid.
265. Cocchiarella LA, Sharp DS, Persky VW et al."Hearing threshold shifts, white-cell count and smoking status in working men," Occupational Medicine 45 (4): 179-185, 1995.
266. Chaney RH. "Neurogenic atherosclerosis in mentally retarded persons," Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 31 (Pt 3):235-240, 1987.
267. Thompson CJ, Ryu JE, Craven TE et al. "Central adipose distribution is related to coronary atherosclerosis," Arteriosclerosis &Thrombosis 11 (2):327-333, 1991.
268. Folsom AR, Prineas RJ et al. "Body fat distribution and self-reported prevalence of hypertension, heart attack, and other heart disease in older women," International Journal of Epidemiology 18(2):361-367, 1989.
269. Reichley KB, Mueller WH, Hanis CL et al. "Centralized obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Mexican-Americans," American Journal of Epidemiology 125 (3):373-386, 1987.
270. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD. "Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks," Archives Of Internal Medicine 153(5):598-615, 1993.
271. Vaziri ND, Smith DH, Winer RL et al. "Coagulation and inhibitory and fibrinolytic proteins in essential hypertension," Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4(2):222-228, 1993.
272. Omura Y, Nisteruk CJ, Losco M, Dreschnack P. "Minute notches appearing in the QRS complexes of ECGs of humans and animals (following experimentally induced minute myocardial injuries), and their clinical significance and application for early diagnosis of myocardial abnormalities," pp. 154-160 in Progress in Electrocardiology ,Peter W. Macfarlane, ed., Medical Publications Division: Boston (Distributed by Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago), 1979.
273. Omura Y, Nisteruk CJ, Losco M, Heller SI, Cook AW, Omura A. "Clinical significance of minute notches and & slurrings of the QRS complexes of ECG's in lower extremity hypertension and hypotension syndromes, and cephalic hypertension," pp. 375-378 in Electrocardiology '81: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Electrocardiology, Z. Antaloczy, I. Preda, eds., The Hungarian Academy of the Sciences: Budapest, 1982.
274. Kannel WB. "Hypertension, hypertrophy, and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease," American Journal of the Medical Sciences 302(4): 199-204, 1991.
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276. Gavalda L, Ramon JM,Torras MG et al. "The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a population of essential hypertensive patients," Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 46(10):626-632, 1993.
277. Al-Roomi KA, Dobson J, Heller RF et al. "Hypertension and the risk of ischaemic heart disease," Medical Journal of Australia 145:249, 1986.
278. Omura Y, Randolph E, Overholser R. The Tofu-Miso High Efficiency Diet, Arco Publishing Inc: New York, 1981.
279. Higgins M, Keller JB, Wagenknecht LE et al. "Pulmonary function and cardiovascular risk factor relationships in black and in white young men and women. The CARDIA Study," Chest 99(2):315-322, 1991.
280. Omura Y. "Hypertension-part I: lower extremity hypertension syndrome and electro-acupuncture[editorial]," Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal 5:215-249, 1980.
281. Newman AB, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kuller LH. "Lower-extremity arterial disease in older hypertensive adults" Arteriosclerosis & Thrombosis 13(4):555-562, 1993.
282. Omura Y. "Simple non-invasive methods of evaluating brain circulation and the hypotensive and serum lipid lowering effects of acupuncture," Perspectives in Cardiovascular Research: Volume 4, Prophylactic Approach to Hypertensive Diseases, pp. 449-459, 1979.
283. See5.6a.
284. Friedman R, Iwai J. "Hypertension - Salt poisoning[letter]" Lancet 2:584, 1978.
285. Kanisawa M, Schroeder HA. "Renal arteriolar changes in hypertensive rats given cadmium in drinking water" Experimental molecular Pathology Vol. 10, pp. 81-98, 1969.
286. Hodes R. Lakatta E. "Another modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Some evidence points to arterial stiffness." Journal of the American Geriatric Society 43(5):581-582, May 1995.
287. Gardin JM, Wagenknecht LE, Anton-Culver H et al. "Relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to echocardiographic left ventricular mass in healthy young black and white adult men and women," Circulation 92(3):380-387, 1995.
288. Schulte KL, Meyer-Sabellek W, Liederwald K et al. "Detection of cardiac risk in hypertensive patients with left heart hypertrophy," Zetischrift fur Kardiologie 80(Suppl 1),37-40, 1991.
289. Kannel WB. "Hypertension, hypertrophy, and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease," American Journal of the Medical Sciences 302(4): 199-204, 1991.
290. See 3.2d.
291. Dotevall A, Rangemark C, Eriksson E et al. "Cigarette smoking increases thromboxane A2 formation without affecting platelet survival in young healthy females," Thrombosis & Haemostasis 68(5):583-588, 1992.
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295. Yudkin JS. "Coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus: three new risk factors and a unifying hypothesis," Journal of Internal Medicine 238(1):21-30, 1995 Jul.
296. See 2.17c.
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303. Cooper ES. "Cardiovascular disease and stroke in African Americans: a call for action," Journal of the National Medical Association 85(2):97-100, 1993.
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316. Dukes-Dobos FN. "Hazards of heat exposure: a review," Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health 7:73-83, 1981.
317. Kristensen TS. "Cardiovascular diseases and the work environment: a critical review of the epidemiologic literature on nonchemical factors," Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health 15:165-179, 1989.
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319. Omura Y, Beckman S. "Role of mercury (Hg) in resistant infections & effective treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes family viral infections (and potential treatment for cancer) by removing localized Hg deposits with Chinese parsley and delivering effective antibiotics using various drug uptake enhancement methods," Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics, The International Journal 20(3/4):195-229, 1995.
320. Ibid.
321. Singer S & Grismaijer S. Dressed to Kill, Avery Publishing Group: Garden City Park, New York, 1995.
322. See 7.8.
323. Omura Y, Lorberboym M, Beckman S. "Radiation injury & mercury deposits in internal organs as a result of thallium-201 chloride intravenous injection for SPECT imaging; additional biochemical information obtained in the images of organs from SPECT or PET scans; & potential injury due to radiation exposure during long distance flights," Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, The International Journal 20(2):133-148, 1995.
324. See 7.8.
325. Brodie ED. Venomous Animals, Golden Press: New York, 1989.
326. Omura Y. "Beneficial and adverse effects of manual & electro-acupuncture: how to prevent adverse effects," Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research, The International Journal 18(3/4):234-235, 1993.
327. Omura Y. "Transmission of molecular information through electro-magnetic waves with different frequencies and its application to non-invasive diagnosis of patients as well as detection from patient's x-ray film of visible and not visible medical information: part I," Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research, The International Journal 19(1):39-63, 1994.
328. Hodes R, Lakatta E. "Another modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Some evidence points to arterial stiffness," Journal Of the American Geriatric Society 43(5):581-582, 1995.
329. Ellenius B, Loof E, Leppert J et al. "Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their relation to age and educational level among middle-aged women," Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 12(4):289-94, 1994.
330. Basset D. "Skeletal muscle characteristics: relationships to cardiovascular risk factors," Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26(8):967-72, 1994.
331. See2.19b; 8.1e See 2.4a.
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336. See 6.3.
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340. See 6.3.
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344. See 6.3.
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350. See 1.1b; 9.2b See 1.6.
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