Organochlorine residues in marine mammals from the northern hemisphere - A consideration of the composition of organochlorine residues in the blubber of marine mammals

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 186, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 29-39

  Vetter, Walter ^a   Luckas, Bernd ^a   Heidemann, Günter ^b   Skírnisson, Karl ^c  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^b Boco Foundation   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

Author keywords

Arctic; Blubber; Contaminants; DDT; Harbour seals; Northern Europe; PCB

Indexed keywords

CAMPHECLOR; CHLORDANE; CHLORPHENOTANE; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; LINDANE; ORGANOCHLORINE DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL TISSUE; BIOACCUMULATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAMMAL; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEAL; SPECIES;

ANIMALIA; MAMMALIA; PHOCA VITULINA; PHOCIDAE; PHOCOENA PHOCOENA; PHOCOENIDAE;

EID: 0029884045     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05084-X     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (59)

1. Addison, R.F., 1989. Organochlorines and marine mammal reproduction. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 46: 360-368.
2. Andersson, Ö, C. Linder, M. Olsson, L. Reutergårdh, U. Uvemo and U. Wideqvist, 1988. Spatial differences and temporal trends of organochlorine compounds in biota from the northwestern hemisphere. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 17: 755-765.
3. Arndt, U., 1992. Einführung in die Bioindikation. In: A. Kohler and U. Arndt (Eds), Bioindikatoren für Umweltbelastungen, Verlag Josef Margraf, Weikersheim.
4. Asplund, L., B. Jansson, C. de Wit, S. Bergek, M. Hjelt, C. Rappe, T. Odsjö and M. Olsson, 1990. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and Dibenzofurans (PCDF). Compared to other Organohalogen Pollutants in Biological Samples from Swedish Ecosystems. Dioxin 90, Ecoinforma Press, Bayreuth; Short Papers Vol. 1: 405-408.
5. Blomqvist, G., A. Roos, S. Jensen, A. Bignert and M. Olsson, 1992. Concentrations of sDDT and PCB in Seals from Swedish and Scottish Waters. Ambio, 21: 539-545.
6. Buser, H.R., M.D. Müller and C. Rappe, 1992. Enantioselective determination of chlordane components using chiral high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with application to environmental samples. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 1533-1540.
7. Buser, H.R. and M.D. Müller, 1993. Isomer- and enantiomer-selective analyses of toxaphene components using chiral high-resolution gaschromatography and detection by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol., 28: 119-128.
8. Chiou, C.T., V.H. Freed, D.W. Schmelling and R.L. Kohnert, 1977. Partition coefficients and bioaccumulation of selected organic chemicals. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11: 475-478.
9. Connell, D.W., 1988. Bioaccumulation behavior of persistent organic chemicals with aquatic organisms. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 102: 117-160.
10. Dearth, M.A. and R.A. Hites, 1991a. Chlordane accumulation in people. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25: 1279-1285.
11. Dearth, M.A. and R.A. Hites, 1991b. Complete analysis of technical chlordane using negative ionization mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25: 245-254.
12. DFG (ed.), 1982. Hexachlorcyclohexan-Kontamination: Ursachen, Situation und Bewertung. Mitteilung IX, Harald Boldt Verlag, Boppard.
13. Duinker, J.C., M.T.J. Hillebrand, K.H. Palmork and S. Wilhelmsen, 1980. An evaluation of existing methods for quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental samples and suggesting for an improved method based on measurements of individual components. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.. 25: 956-964.
14. 11 hydrocarbons in naphtha and reformate with a new apolar fused silica column. J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 18: 403-412.
15. Falandysz, J., N. Yamashita, S. Tanabe, R. Tatsukawa, L. Rucinska and K. Skóra, 1994. Congener-specific data on polychlorinated biphenyls in tissues of common porpoise from Puck Bay, Baltic Sea. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 26: 267-272.
16. Frame, G., 1995. A comprehensive, multicenter study of PCB elution on capillary GC columns. Presented at Pittcon '95, New Orleans, March 8, 1995, Paper 717; submitted to Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.
17. Glausch, A., G.J. Nicholson, M. Fluck and V. Schurig, 1994. Separation of enantiomers of stable atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls by multidimensional gas chromatography on Chirasil-Dex. J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 17: 347-349.
18. Holden, A. V., 1978. Pollutants and seals-a review. Mamm. Rev., 8: 53-66.
19. Hummert, K., W. Vetter and B. Luckas, 1995. Levels of alpha-HCH, lindane, and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-HCH in marine mammals from the northern hemisphere. Chemosphere, 31: 3489-3500.
20. Jansson, B and U. Wideqvist, 1983. Analysis of toxaphene (PCC) and chlordane in biological samples by NCI mass spectrometry. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 13: 309-321.
21. Kallenborn, R., H. Hühnerfuss and W.A. König, 1991. Enantioselektiver Metabolismus von (+/-)-∞-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorcyclohexan in Organen der Eiderente. Angew. Chem., 103: 328-329.
22. Kallenborn, R., M. Oehme, W. Vetter and H. Parlar, 1994. Enantiomer selective separation of toxaphene congeners isolated from seal blubber and obtained by synthesis. Chemosphere, 28: 89-98.
23. Kannan, K., S. Tanabe, A. Borrell, A. Aguilar, S. Focardi and R. Tatsukawa, 1993. Isomer-specific analysis and toxic evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls in striped dolphins affected by an epizootic in the western Mediterranean sea. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 25: 227-233.
24. Koeman, J.H., W.H.M. Peters, CT. Smit, P.S. Tjioe and J.J.M. de Goeij, 1972. Persistent chemicals in marine mammals. TNO-nieuws 27: 570-578.
25. King, J.E., 1983. Seals of the World, Oxford University Press.
26. Kremer, H. and A. Maywald, 1991. Der Schweinswal in Nordund Ostsee. WWF Panda-Fördergesellschaft für Umwelt.
27. Kuiken, T., P.M. Bennett, C.R. Allchin, J.K. Kirkwood, J.R. Baker, C.H. Lockyer, M.J. Walton and M.C. Scheldrick, 1994. PCBs, cause of death and body condition in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from British waters. Aquat. Toxicol., 28: 13-28.
28. Larsen, B. and J. Riego, 1990. Interferences from 2,3,5,6-3′,4′-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB 163) in the determination of 2,3,4-2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB 138) in environmental and technical samples. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 40: 59-68.
29. Law, R.J., C.R. Allchin and J. Harwood, 1989. Concentrations of organochlorine components in the blubber of seals from eastern and north-eastern England, 1988. Marine Poll. Bull., 20: 110-115.
30. Letcher, R., R. Norstrom, Å. Bergmann and D.C.G. Muir, 1992. Methylsulfone-PCB and-DDE metabolites in polar bears-comparison to parent compounds in diet. In: Dioxin'92, 12th International Symposium on Dioxins and Related Compounds. 24-28 August Tampere, Finland. Extended Abstracts, 8: 357-360.
31. Luckas, B. and M. Oehme, 1990. Characteristic contamination levels for polychlorinated hydrocarbons, dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins in Bream (Abramis brama) from the river Elbe. Chemosphere, 21: 79-89.
32. Luckas, B. and U. Harms, 1987. Characteristic levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace metals in fish from coastal waters of North and Baltic Sea. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 29: 215-225.
33. Luckas, B., W. Vetter, P. Fischer, G. Heidemann and J. Plötz, 1990. Characteristic chlorinated hydrocarbon patterns in the blubber of seals from different marine regions. Chemosphere, 21: 13-19.
34. Mackay, D., 1982. Correlation of bioconcentration factors. Environ. Sci. Technol., 16: 274-276.
35. Marine Mammals Committee, 1967. Standard measurements of seals. J. Mammal., 48: 459-462.
36. McLaren, I.A., 1958. The biology of the ringed seal in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Bull. Fish. Res., 118: 97.
37. Mitchell, S.H. and S. Kennedy, 1992. Tissue concentrations of organochlorine compounds in common seals from the coast of Northern Ireland. Sci. Total Environ., 115: 163-177.
38. Mössner, S., T.R. Spraker, P.R. Becker and K. Ballschmiter, 1992. Ratios of enantiomers of α-HCH and determination of α-, β-, and γ-HCH isomers in brain and other tissues of neonatal northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Chemosphere, 24: 1171-1180.
39. Muir, D.C.G., R.J. Norstrom and M. Simon, 1988a. Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food chains: Accumulation of specific polychlorinated biphenyls and chlordane related compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol., 22: 1071-1079.
40. Muir, D.C.G., R. Wagemann, N.P. Grift, R.J. Norstrom, M. Simon and J. Lien, 1988b. Organochlorine chemical and heavy metal contaminants in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) and pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) from the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 17: 613-629.
41. Müller, M.D., M. Schlabach and M. Oehme 1992. Fast and precise determination of α-hexachlorocyclohexane enantiomers in environmental samples using chiral high reolution gas chromatography. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 566-569.
42. Oehme, M. and S. Manø, 1984. Long-range transport of organic pollutants to the Arctic. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 319: 141-146.
43. Oehme, M., R. Kallenborn, K. Wiberg and C. Rappe, 1994. Simultaneous enantioselective separation of octachloro chlordanes and o,p′-DDT in environmental samples using a tandem capillary column. J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 17: 583-588.
44. Reijnders, P.J.H., 1980. Organochlorine and heavy metal residues in harbour seals from the Wadden sea and their possible effects on reproduction. Neth. J. Sea Res., 14: 30-65.
45. Reijnders, P.J.H., 1986. Reproductive failure in common seals feeding on fish from polluted coastal waters. Nature, 324: 456-457 and 418.
46. Rimkus, G., L. Rexilius, G. Heidemann, A. Vagts and J. Hedderlich, 1993. Results of an interlaboratory study on organochlorine compounds (PCB, DDT, DDE) in seal blubber (Phoca vitulina). Chemosphere, 26: 1099-1108.
47. Safe, S., K. Washburn, T. Zacharewski and T. Philips, 1995. Synthesis and characterization of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) identified in human serum. Chemosphere, 31: 3017-3023.
48. Sovocool, G.W., R.G. Lewis, R.L. Harless, N.K. Wilson and R.D. Zehr, 1977. Analysis of technical chlordane by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 49: 734-740.
49. Skaare, J.U., N.H. Markussen, G. Norheim, S. Haugen and G. Holt, 1990. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, mercury, cadmium, copper, selenium, arsenic, and zinc in the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, in Norwegian waters. Environ. Poll., 66: 309-324.
50. Stern, G.A., D.C.G. Muir, C.A. Ford, N.P. Grift, E. Dewailly, T. F. Bidleman and M.D. Walla, 1992. Isolation and identification of two major recalcitrant toxaphene congeners in aquatic biota. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 1838-1840.
51. Storr-Hansen, E. and H. Spliid (1992). Distribution patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissues: statistical analysis. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 25: 328-345.
52. Vetter, W., 1990. Rückstandsanalytik am Beispiel der Bestimmung chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe in Meeressäugern. Diplomarbeit, Universität Stuttgart.
53. Vetter, W. and B. Luckas, 1991. Meeressäuger als Bioindikatoren. UWSF -Z. Umweltchem. Ökotox., 3: 324-327.
54. Vetter, W. and B. Luckas, 1995. Ratios of PCB 138, PCB 163 and PCB 164 in Aroclor mixtures. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 352: 612-613.
55. Vetter, W., B. Luckas and M. Oehme, 1992. Isolation and purification of the two main toxaphene congeners in marine organisms. Chemosphere, 25: 1643-1652.
56. Vetter, W., B. Luckas, F. Biermans, M. Mohnke and H. Rotzsche, 1994. Gas Chromatographic separation of polychlorinated biphenyls on a new apolar capillary column. J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 17: 851-858.
57. Vetter, W., C. Natzeck, B. Luckas, G. Heidemann, B. Kiabi and M. Karami, 1995a. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the blubber of a seal (Phoca caspica) from the Caspian Sea. Chemosphere, 30: 1685-1696.
58. Vetter, W., K. Hummert, B. Luckas and K. Skirnisson, 1995b. Organochlorine residues in two seal species from western Iceland. Sci. Total Environ., 170: 159-164.
59. Vogel, S.C., 1989. Speckdicke als Konditionsparameter bei 1988 an der Küste Schleswig-Holsteins tot aufgefundenen Seehunden; In: Zoologische und Ethologische Untersuchungen zum Robbensterben. Vorläufiger Endbericht zum FE-Vorhaben das BMU (Vorh. Nr, 108 05 017/06) pp. 39-60.