Fluoride and the skeleton

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 139-161

  Kleerekoper, Michael ^a  

^a Center for Osteoporosis Research   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone skeleton; Environment; Fluoride; Fracture; Hip; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Osteoporosis; Therapy

Indexed keywords

FLUORIDE; FLUORIDE SODIUM;

BONE DENSITY; BONE MASS; BONE MINERALIZATION; BONE STRENGTH; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FLUORIDATION; FLUOROSIS; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VERTEBRA FRACTURE;

EID: 0029883068     PISSN: 10408363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10408369609083059     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Lundy MW, Farley JR Baylink DJ. Characterization of a rapidly responding animal for fluoride-stimulated bone formation. Bone 1986; 7: 289-93.
2. Marie PJ, Hott M. Short-term effects of fluoride and strontium on bone formation and resorption in the mouse. Metabolism 1986; 35: 547-51.
3. Farley JR, Wergedal JE Baylink DJ. Fluoride directly stimulates proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone forming cells. Science 1983; 222(4621): 330-2.
4. Chavassieux P, Valentin-Opran A, Chenu C, et al. Long-term effects of sodium fluoride on human osteoblast cultures. In: Cohn DV, Martin TJ, Meunier P. eds. Calcium regulation and bone metabolism. p. 856. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1987.
5. Hall BK. Sodium fluoride as an initiator of osteogenesis from embryonic mesenchyme in vitro. Bone 1986; 8: 111-6.
6. Bellows CG, Heersche JNM Aubin JE. The effects of fluoride on osteoblast progenitors in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5: S101-5.
7. Marie PJ, de Vernejoul MC Lomri A. Fluoride induced stimulation of bone formation is associated with increased DNA synthesis by osteoblastic cells in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5(2): S140.
8. Lau KHW, Farley JR, Freeman TK, et al. A proposed mechanism of the mitogenic action of fluoride on bone cells: inhibition of the activity of an osteoblastic acid phosphatase. Metabolism 1989; 38: 858-68.
9. Quarles LD, Gittleman HJ Drezner MK. Aluminim induced de novo bone formation in the beagle. A parathyroid hormone dependent event. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1644-50.
10. Eanes ED, Reddi AH. The effect of fluoride on bone mineral apatite. Metab Bone Dis Relat Res 1979; 2: 3-10.
11. Gron P, McCann HG Bernstein D. Effect of fluoride on human osteoporotic bone mineral: a chemical and crystallographic study. J Bone Jt Surg 1966; 48A: 892-8.
12. Grynpas MD, Cheng PT. Fluoride reduces the rate of dissolution of bone. Bone Mineral 1988; 5(1): 1-9.
13. Reutter FW, Siebenmann R Pajorla M. In: Fischer TL, ed. Fluoride in medicine. Bern: Hans Huber, Pp. 143-52. 1970.
14. Parfitt AM. Osteomalacia and related disorders. In: Avioli LV, Krane SM, eds. Metabolic Bone Disease and Clinically Related Disorders, 2nd ed. Philadelphia. WB Saunders, Pp. 329-96. 1990.
15. Parsons V, Mitchell CJ, Reeve J, et al. The use of sodium fluoride, vitamin D and calcium supplements in the treatment of patients with axial osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Res 1977; 22: S236-40.
16. Compston JE, Chandha S Merrett AL. Osteomalacia development during treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride and vitamin D. Br Med J 1980; 281: 910-11.
17. Kleerekoper M, Balena R, Foldes J, et al. Histomorphometric changes in iliac bone induced by sodium fluoride therapy depend on cumulative dose. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5: S140 (abstract).
18. Delmas PD, Casez JP, Voivin GY, et al. Cyclic fluoride therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In: Christiansen C, Arnaud D, Nordin BEC, et al., eds. Osteoporosis, proceedings of the Copenhagen international symposium. Stitsborgtrykkery: Aalborg: Pp. 689-91. 1984.
19. Erikson EF, Mosekilde L Melson F. Effects of sodium fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D2 for 5 years on bone balance and remodeling in osteoporotics. Bone 1985; 6: 381-9.
20. Olah AJ, Reutter FW Dambacher MA. Effects of combined therapy with sodium fluoride and high doses of vitamin D in osteoporosis. A histomorphometric study of the iliac crest. In: Courvasier B, Donath A, Baud CA, eds. Fluoride and bone. Bern: Hans Huber, Pp. 242-8. 1978.
21. Kleerekoper M, Frame B, Villanueva AR, et al. Treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride alternating with calcium and vitamin D. In: De Luca HF, Frost HM, Jee WSS, eds. Osteoporosis: recent advances in pathogenesis and treatment. Pp. 441-8. 1981.
22. Kuhlencordt F, Kruse HP, Eckermeier L, et al. The histological evaluation of bone in fluoride treated osteoporosis. In: Visher TL, ed. Fluoride in medicine. Bern: Hans Huber, Pp. 169-74. 1970.
23. Lundy MW, Wergedal JE, Teubner E, et al. The effect of prolonged fluoride therapy for osteoporosis: bone composition and histology. Bone 1989; 10: 321-7.
24. Partiff AM, Mathews CHE, Villanueva AR, et al. Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis: implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms for bone loss. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 1369-1409.
25. Kleerekoper M, Villanueva AR, Stanciu J, et al. The role of three dimensional trabecular microstructure in the pathogenesis of vertebral compression fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 1985; 37: 594-7.
26. Aaron JE, de Vernejouil M-C Kanis JA. Trabecular microanatomy and fluoride therapy. Bone 1990; 11: 376 (abstract).
27. Leone NC, Stevenson CA Hilbish TF. A roentgenologic study of a human population exposed to high fluoride domestic water: a ten year study. Am J Roentgen 1955; 74: 874-85.
28. Leone NC, Stevenson CA Besse B. The effects of the absorption of fluoride: a radiological investigation of 546 human residents of an area in which the drinking water contained only a minute trace of fluoride. Arch Ind Health 1960; 21: 326-7.
29. Bernstein DS, Sadowsky N, Hegsted DM, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis in high and low fluoride areas in North Dakota. JAMA 1966; 198: 499-504.
30. Groot EN. Water fluoridation-dental caries-osteoporosis. Nutr Metab 1977; 21(Suppl 1): 208-11.
31. Teotia M, Teotis SPS, et al. Endemic skeletal fluorosis. Arch Dis Child 1971; 46(249): 686-94.
32. Christie DP. The spectrum of radiographic bone changes in children with fluorosis. Radiology 1980; 136: 85-90.
33. Gordon SL, Corbin SB. Summary of workshop on drinking water fluoride influence on hip fractures and bone health. Osteoporosis Int. 1992; 2: 109-17.
34. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J Miles TP. Regional variation on hip fracture: US white women aged 65 years and older. JAMA 1990; 264: 500-2.
35. Cooper C, Wickham C, Lacey RF, et al. Water fluoride concentration and fracture of the proximal femur. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1990; 44: 17-9.
36. Cooper C, Wickham CA, Barker DJ, et al. Water fluoridation and hip fracture. JAMA 1991; 266: 513-4.
37. Danielson C, Lyon JL, Egger M, et al. Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly population. JAMA 1991; 268: 746-8.
38. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. Washington, DC.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, publication no. (PHS) 91-50212, 1991.
39. Sowers MR, Clark MK, Jannausch ML, et al. A prospective study of bone mineral content and fracture in communities with differential fluoride exposure. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 649-60.
40. Simonen O, Laitinen O. Does fluoridation of drinking water prevent bone fragility and osteoporosis? Lancet 1985; 2: 432-3.
41. Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ III. Hip fracture incidence before and after fluoridation of the public water supply: Rochester, Minnesota 1950 to 1969. Am J Pub Health 1993; 83(5): 743-5.
42. Kleerekoper M. Please pass the roach poison again. JAMA 1993; 268: 781-2.
43. Kleerekoper M, Balena R. Fluoride and osteoporosis. Annu Rev Nutr 1991; 11: 309-24.
44. Hansson T, Roos B. The effect of fluoride and calcium on spinal bone mineral content: a controlled, prospective (3 years) study. Calif Tissue Int 1987; 40: 315-7.
45. Riggs B, O'Fallon S Hodgson E. Clinical trial of fluoride in osteoporotic women: extended observation and additional analyses. Bone Mineral 1991; 17: S74 (abstract).
46. Kleerkoper M, Balena R Parfitt AM. Cyclical fluoride therapy in low-turnover osteoporosis. In: Proceedings Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis Conference. P. 53. March 4 to 8, 1989 (abstract).
47. Talbot JR, Fischer MM, Farley SM, et al. Gains made in spinal bone density in response to fluoride therapy for osteoporosis are not maintained after fluoride therapy is discontinued. J Bone Miner Res 1991; 7(S1): 118 (abstract).
48. Leug MC. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: treatment with low-dose sodium fluoride and estrogen. South Med J 1988; 81: 597-600.
49. Duursma SA, Glerum JH, Van Dijk A, et al. Responders and non-responders after fluoride therapy in osteoporosis. Bone 1987; 8: 131-6.
50. Briancon D, Meunier P. Le Traitement de l'Osteoporose par l'Association Fluorure de Sodium, Calcium Vitamine D. Thesis, Lyon, 1979.
51. Hodsman AB, Droost DJ. The response of vertebral bone density during the treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69: 9328.
52. Pouilles JM, Tremollirees F, Causse E, et al. Fluoride therapy in postmenopausal osteopenic women: effect on vertebral and femoral bone density and prediction of bone response. Osteopor Int 1991; 1(2): 103-9.
53. Kleerekoper M, Peterson E, Nelson DA, et al. A randomized trial of sodium fluoride as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteopor Int 1991; 1: 155-62.
54. Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WM, et al. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 802-9.
55. Christiansen C, Christensen MS, McNair P, et al. Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss: controlled 2 year study in 315 normal females. Eur J Clin Invest 1980; 10: 273-9.
56. Riggs BL, Seeman E, Hodgson SF, et al. Effect of the fluoride-calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis: comparison with conventional therapy. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 446-50.
57. Devogelaer JP, Resimont P, Huaux JP, et al. Effect of sodium fluoride on bone mineral content of the radius in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In: Christiansen C, Arnaud D, Nordin BEC, et al., eds. Osteoporosis, proceedings Copenhagen international symposium. Pp. 689-91. Stitsbogtrykkery: Aalborg, 1984.
58. Farley SMG, Wergedal JE, Smith LC, et al. Fluoride therapy for osteoporosis: characterization of the skeletal response by the serial measurements of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Metabolism 1987; 36: 211-8.
59. Ruegsegger P, Ruegsegger E, Ittner J, et al. Natural course of osteoporosis and fluoride therapy - a longitudinal study using quantitative computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1985; 9: 626-7.
60. Dambacher MA, Ittner J Ruegsegger P. Long-term fluoride therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 1986; 7: 199-205.
61. Buckle RM. 3 Year study of sodium fluoride treatment on vertebral fracture incidence in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1989; 4: S186 (abstract).
62. Mamelle N, Dusan R, Martin JL, et al. Risk-benefit of sodium fluoride treatment in primary vertebral osteoporosis. Lancet 1988; 2: 361-5.
63. Mamelle N, Meunier PJ Netter P. Fluoride and vertebral fractures. Lancet 1990; 336: 243 (letter).
64. Heaney RP. How can we tell if a treatment works: further thoughts on the randomized controlled trial. Osteopor Int 1990; 1: 215-27.
65. Tilley BC, Kleerekoper M, Peterson EL, et al. Designing clinical trials of treatment for osteoporosis: recruitment and follow-up. Calif Tissue Int 1990; 47: 327-31.
66. Riggins RS, Rucker RC, Chan MM, et al. The effect of fluoride supplementation on the strength of osteopenic bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976; 114: 352-7.
67. Carter DR, Beaupre GS. Effects of fluoride treatment on bone strength. J Bone Miner Res 1990; S5: 177-184.
68. Parfitt AM, Kleerekoper M Villanueva AR. Increased bone age: mechanisms and consequences. In: Christiansen C, Johansen JS, Riis BJ, eds. Osteoporosis 1987, International Symposium on Osteoporosis. Pp. 301-8. Denmark, 1987.
69. Gutteridge DH, Price RI, Nicholson GC, et al. Fluoride in osteoporotic vertebral fractures - trabecular increase, vertebral protection, femoral fractures. In: Christiansen C, Arnaud D, Nordin BEC, et al., eds. Osteoporosis, proceedings of the Copenhagen international symposium. Pp. 705-7. Stitsbogtrykkery Aalborg, 1984.
70. Riggs BL, Baylink DJ, Kleerekoper M, et al. Incidence of hip fractures in osteoporotic women treated with sodium fluoride. J Bone Miner Res 1987; 2: 123-6.
71. Leroux JL, Blotman F, Claustre J, et al. Fractures du calceneum au cours du traitement de l'osteoporose par le fluor. Semin Hosp Paris 1983; 59: 3140-2.
72. Schnitzler CM, Solomon L. Histomorphometric analysis of a calcaneal stress fracture: a possible complication of fluoride therapy for osteoporosis. Bone 1986; 7: 193-8.
73. O'Duffy JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon, et al. Mechanism of acute lower extremity pain syndrome in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients. Am J Med 1986; 80: 561-6.
74. Bayley TA, Harrison JE, Murray TM, et al. Fluoride-induced fractures: relation to osteogenic effect. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5: S217-22.
75. van Linthoudt D, Ott H. Supra-acetabular and femoral head stress fracture during fluoride treatment. Gerontology 1987; 33: 302-6.
76. Schnitzler CM, Solomon L. Trabecular stress fractures during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis. Skeletal Radiology 1985; 14: 276-9.
77. Schnitzler CM, Wing JR, Mesquita JM, et al. Risk factors for the development of stress fractures during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5(S1): 195-200.
78. Gutteridge DH, Price RI, Kent GN, et al. Spontaneous hip fractures in fluoride-treated patients: potential causative factors. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5(S1): 205-15.
79. Schulz EE, Flowers C, Sauser DD, et al. The causes of bone scintigram hot spots in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5(S1): 195-200.
80. Schulz EE, Libanati CR, Farley SM, et al. Skeletal scintigraphic changes in osteoporosis treated with sodium fluoride: concise communication. J Nucl Med 1984; 25: 651-5.
81. Schulz EE, Engstrom H, Sauser DD, et al. Osteoporosis: radiographic detection of fluoride-induced extra-axial bone formation. Radiology 1986; 159: 457-62.