Three functional classes of transcriptional activation domains

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 2044-2055

  Blau, Justin ^a,e   Xiao, Hua ^b,e   McCracken, Susan ^c   O'Hare, Peter ^d   Greenblatt, Jack ^b   Bentley, David ^a,c  

^a IMPERIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c AMGEN INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d MARIE CURIE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^e ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA BINDING PROTEIN; RNA POLYMERASE II; VIRUS DNA;

ARTICLE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; NONHUMAN; POINT MUTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA TRANSLATION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 0029880348     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.16.5.2044     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Bentley, D. 1995. Regulation of transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 5:210-216
2. Berkhout, B., A. Gatignol, A. Rabson, and K.-T. Jeang. 1990. TAR-independent activation of the HIV-1 LTR, evidence that Tat requires specific regions of the promoter. Cell 62:757-767
3. Blau, J. Unpublished data.
4. Buratowski, S. 1994. The basics of basal transcription by RNA-polymerase-II. Cell 77:1-3.
5. Carey, M., Y. S. Lin, M. R. Green, and M. Ptashne. 1990 A mechanism for synergistic activation of a mammalian gene by GAL4 derivatives. Nature (London) 345:361-364
6. Chang, C., and J. D. Gralla. 1994. A critical role for chromatin in mounting a synergistic transcriptional response to GAL4-VP16 Mol. Cell. Biol 14: 5175-5181.
7. Chi, T., P. Lieberman, K. Ellwood, and M. Carey. 1995. A general mechanism for transcriptional synergy of eukaryotic activators. Nature (London) 377:254-257.
8. Chiang, C. M., and R. G. Roeder. 1995. Cloning of an intrinsic human TFIID subunit that interacts with multiple transcriptional activators. Science 267: 531-536.
9. Das, G., C. S. Hinkley, and W. Herr. 1995. Basal promoter elements as a selective determinant of transcriptional activator function. Nature (London) 374:657-660.
10. Drapkin, R., and D. Reinberg. 1994. The multifunctional TFIIH complex and transcriptional control. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:504-508
11. Emerman, M., M. Guyader, L. Montagnier, D. Baltimore, and M. A. Muesing. 1987. The specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 transactivator is different from that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. EMBO J. 6:3755-3760.
12. Emili, A., J. Greenblatt, and C. Ingles. 1994. Species-specific interaction of the glutamine-rich activation domains of Sp1 with the TATA box-binding protein. Mol Cell. Biol. 14:1582-1593.
13. Feaver, W. J., J. Q. Svejstrup, N. L. Henry, and R. D. Kornberg. 1994 Relationship of cdk-activating kinase and RNA-polymerase-II CTD kinase TFIIH/TFIIK. Cell 79:1103-1109.
14. Fischer, L., M. Gerard, C. Chalut, Y. Lutz, S. Humbert, M. Kanno, P. Chambon, and J. M. Egly. 1992. Cloning of the 62-kilodalton component of basic transcription factor-BTF2 Science 257:1392-1395.
15. Frankel, A. D., and C. O. Pabo. 1988. Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Cell 55:1189-1193.
16. Gerber, H. P., M. Hagmann, K. Seipel, O. Georgiev, M. A. West, Y. Litingtung, W. Schaffner, and J. L. Corden. 1995. RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain required for enhancer-driven transcription. Nature (London) 374: 660-662.
17. Ghosh, S., M. J. Selby, and B. M. Peterlin. 1993. Synergism between Tat and VP16 in trans-activation of HIV-1 LTR. J. Mol. Biol. 234:610-619
18. Gill, G., E. Pascal, Z. H. Tseng, and R. Tjian. 1994. A glutamine-rich hydrophobic patch in transcription factor Sp1 contacts the dTAF(II)110 component of the drosophila tfiid complex and mediates transcriptional activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:192-196.
19. Giniger, E., and M. Ptashne. 1988. Cooperative DNA binding of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 85:382-386.
20. Goodrich, J. A., T. Hoey, C. J. Thut, A. Admon, and R. Tjian. 1993 Drosophila TAF(II)40 interacts with both a VP16 activation domain and the basai transcription factor-TFIIB Cell 75:519-530.
21. Goodrich, J. A., and R. Tjian. 1994. Transcription factors IIE and IIH and ATP hydrolysis direct promoter clearance by RNA polymerase II. Cell 77: 145-156
22. Greenblatt, J., J. Nodwell, and S. Mason. 1993. Transcriptional antitermination. Nature (London) 364:401-406.
23. Hagemeier, C., A. Cook, and T. Kouzarides. 1993. The retinoblastoma protein binds E2F residues required for activation in vivo and TBP binding in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:4998-5004.
24. Herrmann, C., and A. Rice. 1995. Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II candidate for a Tat cofactor. J. Virol 69:1612-1620.
25. Herrmann, C. H., and A. P. Rice. 1993 Specific interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins with a cellular protein kinase. Virology 197:601-608.
26. Herschlag, D., and F. B. Johnson. 1993. Synergism in transcriptional activation: a kinetic view Genes Dev. 7:173-179.
27. Hill, C. S., J. Wynne, and R. Treisman. 1994. Serum-regulated transcription by serum-response-factor (SRF) - a novel role for the DNA-binding domain. EMBO J. 13:5421-5432.
28. Ingles, C. J., M. Shales, W. D. Cress, S. J. Triezenberg, and J. Greenblatt. 1991. Reduced binding of TFIID to transcriptionally compromised mutants of VP16. Nature (London) 351:588-590.
29. Jones, K. A., and B. M. Peterlin. 1994. Control of RNA initiation and elongation at the HIV-1 promoter. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63:717-743.
30. Kamine, J., and G. Chinnadurai. 1992. Synergistic activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter by the viral TAT protein and cellular transcription factor Sp1. J. Virol. 66:3932-3936.
31. Kamine, J., T. Subramanian, and G. Chinnadurai. 1991. Sp1-dependent activation of a synthetic promoter by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8510-8514.
32. Kao, S. Y., A. F. Calman, P. A. Luciw, and B. M. Peterlin. 1987. Antitermination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product. Nature (London) 330:489-493.
33. Kashanchi, F., G. Piras, M. F. Radonovich, J. F. Duvall, A. Fattaey, C. M. Chiang, R. G. Roeder, and J. N. Brady. 1994. Direct interaction of human TFIID with the HIV-1 transactivator tat. Nature (London) 367:295-299.
34. Kato, H., H. Sumimoto, P. Pognonec, C. H. Chen, C. A. Rosen, and R. G. Roeder. 1992. HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors. Genes Dev 6:655-666
35. Kessler, M., and M. B. Mathews. 1992. Premature termination and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-promoted transcripts J Virol 66:4488-4496.
36. Kim, T., and R. Roeder. 1994. Proline-rich activator CTF1 targets the TFIIB assembly step during transcriptional activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:4170-4174
37. Koleske, A. J., and R. A. Young. 1995. The RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and its implications for gene regulation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:113-116.
38. Krumm, A., L. Hickey, and M. Groudine. 1995 Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II defines a general rate-limiting step after transcription initiation. Genes Dev 9:559-572.
39. Krumm, A., T. Meulia, M. Brunvand, and M. Groudine. 1992. The block to transcriptional elongation within the human c-myc gene is determined in the promoter-proximal region. Genes Dev. 6:2201-2213.
40. Laspia, M. F., A. P. Rice, and M. B. Mathews. 1990. Synergy between HIV-1 Tat and adenovirus E1A is principally due to stabilization of transcriptional elongation. Genes Dev. 4:2397-2408.
41. Laspia, M. F., P. Wendel, and M. B. Mathews. 1993. HIV-1 tat overcomes inefficient transcriptional elongation in vitro. J. Mol. Biol 232:732-746.
42. Lillie, J. W., and M. R. Green. 1989 Transcription activation by the adenovirus E1a protein. Nature (London) 338:39-44.
43. Lin, Y. S., M. Carey, M. Ptashne, and M. R. Green. 1990. How different eukaryotic transcriptional activators can cooperate promiscuously. Nature (London) 345:359-361.
44. Lin, Y. S., M. F. Carey, M. Ptashne, and M. R. Green. 1988. GAL4 derivatives function alone and synergistically with mammalian activators in vitro. Cell 54:659-664.
45. Lin, Y. S., I. Ha, E. Maldonado, D. Reinberg, and M. R. Green. 1991 Binding of general transcription factor TFIIB to an acidic activating region Nature (London) 353:569-571
46. Lis, J., and C. Wu. 1993. Protein traffic on the heat shock promoter: parking, stalling and trucking along. Cell 74:1-4.
47. Liu, X., C. W. Miller, P. H. Koeffler, and A. J. Berk. 1993. The p53 activation domain binds the TATA box-binding polypeptide in holo-TFIID, and a neighboring p53 domain inhibits transcription Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3291-3700.
48. Marciniak, R. A., and P. A. Sharp. 1991 HIV-1 Tat protein promotes formation of more-processive elongation complexes. EMBO J. 10:4189-4196
49. Mellits, K. H., and M. B. Mathews. 1988. Effects of mutations in stem and loop regions on the structure and function of adenovirus VA RNAI EMBO J 7:2849-2859.
50. Narayan, S., S. G. Widen, W. A. Beard, and S. H. Wilson. 1994. RNA-polymerase transcription. 2. Rate of promoter clearance is enhanced by a purified activating transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 269:12755-12763.
51. O'Brien, T., S. Hardin, A. Greenleaf, and J. T. Lis. 1994 Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain and transcriptional elongation. Nature (London) 370:75-77
52. Pearson, A., and J. Greenblatt. Submitted for publication.
53. Rougvie, A. E., and J. T. Lis. 1988 The RNA polymerase II molecule at the 5′ end of the uninduced hsp70 gene of D melanogaster is transcriptionally engaged. Cell 54:795-804.
54. Roy, R., J. P. Adamczewski, T. Seroz, W. Vermeulen, J. P. Tassan, L. Schaeffer, E. A. Nigg, J. Hoeijmakers, and J. M. Egly. 1994. The MO15 cell-cycle kinase is associated with the TFIIH transcription DNA-repair factor. Cell 79: 1093-1101.
55. Sadovsky, Y., P. Webb, G. Lopez, J. D. Baxter, P. M. Fitzpatrick, G. E. Gizang, V. Cavailles, M. G. Parker, and P. J. Kushner. 1995. Transcriptional activators differ in their responses to overexpression of TATA-box-binding protein Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1554-1563.
56. Sadowski, I., J. Ma, S. Triezenberg, and M. Ptashne. 1988. GAL4-VP16 is an unusually potent transcriptional activator. Nature (London) 335:563-564.
57. Sadowski, I., and M. Ptashne. 1989. A vector for expressing GAL4(1-147) fusions in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:7539.
58. Seipel, K., O. Georgiev, and W. Schaffner. 1992. Different activation domains stimulate transcription from remote ('enhancer') and proximal ('promoter') positions. EMBO J. 11:4961-4968.
59. Serizawa, H., J. W. Conaway, and R. C. Conaway. 1993. Phosphorylation of C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is not required in basal transcription. Nature (London) 363:371-374.
60. Serizawa, H., T. Makela, J. Conaway, R. Conaway, R. Weinberg, and R. Young. 1995. Association of Cdk-activating kinase subunits with transcription factor TFIIH. Nature (London) 374:280-282.
61. Shapiro, D. J., P. A. Sharp, W. W. Wahli, and M. J. Keller. 1988. A high-efficiency HcLa cell nuclear transcription extract. DNA 7:47-55.
62. Shiekhattar, R., F. Mermelstein, R. Fisher, R. Drapkin, B. Dynlacht, H. Wessling, D. Morgan, and D. Reinberg. 1995. Cdk-activating kinase complex is a component of human transcription factor TFIIH. Nature (London) 374: 283-287.
63. Sopta, M., R. W. Carthew, and J. Greenblatt. 1985. Isolation of three proteins that bind to mammalian RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 10353-10360
64. Southgate, C. D., and M. R. Green. 1991. The HIV-1 Tat protein activates transcription from an upstream DNA-binding site: implications for Tat function. Genes Dev. 5:2496-2507.
65. Stringer, K. F., C. J. Ingles, and J. Greenblatt. 1990 Direct and selective binding of an acidic transcriptional activation domain to the TATA-box factor TFIID. Nature (London) 345:783-786
66. Strobl, L. J., and D. Eick. 1992. Hold back of RNA polymerase II at the transcription start site mediates down-regulation of c-myc in vivo. EMBO J. 11:3307-3314.
67. Tjian, R., and T. Maniatis. 1994. Transcriptional activation - a complex puzzle with few easy pieces. Cell 77:5-8.
68. Toohey, M. G., and K. A. Jones. 1989. In vitro formation of short RNA polymerase II transcripts that terminate within the HIV-1 and HIV-2 promoter-proximal downstream regions. Genes Dev. 3:265-282.
69. Truant, R., H. Xiao, C. J. Ingles, and J. Greenblatt. 1993. Direct interaction between the transcriptional activation domain of human p53 and the TATA box-binding protein J. Biol. Chem. 268:2284-2287.
70. Walker, S., R. Greaves, and P. O'Hare. 1993. Transcriptional activation by the acidic domain of vmw65 requires the integrity of the domain and involves additional determinants distinct from those necessary for TFIIB binding. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:5233-5244
71. Wang, W. D., and J. D. Gralla. 1991. Differential ability of proximal and remote element pairs to cooperate in activating RNA polymerase II transcription. Mol. Cell Biol. 11:4561-4571.
72. Weeks, J. R., S. E. Hardin, J. J. Shen, J. M. Lee, and A. L. Greenleaf. 1993. Locus-specific variation in phosphurylation state of RNA polymerase II in-vivo - correlations with gene activity and transcript processing. Genes Dev. 7:2329-2344.
73. Xiao, H., and J. Greenblatt. Unpublished data.
74. Xiao, H., J. T. Lis, H. Xiao, J. Greenblatt, and J. D. Friesen. 1994. The upstream activator CTF/NF1 and RNA polymerase II share a common element involved in transcriptional activation Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1966-1973.
75. Xiao, H., A. Pearson, B. Coulombe, R. Truant, S. Zhang, J. Regier, S. Triezenberg, D. Reinberg, O. Flores, C. Ingles, and J. Greenblatt. 1994. Binding of basal transcription factor TFIIH to the acidic activation domains of VP16 and p53. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7013-7024.
76. Yankulov, K., J. Blau, T. Purton, S. Roberts, and D. Bentley. 1994. Transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II is stimulated by transactivators. Cell 77:749-759.
77. Yankulov, K., K. Yamashita, R. Roy, J.-M. Egly, and D. Bentley. 1995 The transcriptional elongation inhibitor 5,6-dichlor-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole inhibits transcription factor IIH-associated protein kinase J. Biol. Chem. 270:23922-23925.
78. Zhou, Q. A., and P. A. Sharp. 1995. Novel mechanism and factor for regulation by HIV-1 tat. EMBO J. 14:321-328
79. Zhu, H., V. Joliot, and R. Prywes. 1994 Role of transcription factor-TFIIF in serum response factor-activated transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 269:3489-3497.