메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 347-358

Novel drugs and current therapeutic approaches in the treatment of heart failure

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BUCINDOLOL; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CARVEDILOL; DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ENDOTHELIN; ENKEPHALINASE INHIBITOR; FLOSEQUINAN; INOTROPIC AGENT; LOSARTAN; MILRINONE; PIMOBENDAN; PIPERANOMETOZINE; PROSTACYCLIN; VASODILATOR AGENT; XAMOTEROL;

EID: 0029879413     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199651030-00001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (122)
  • 1
    • 0025913812 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
    • SOLVD investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 293-302
  • 2
    • 0027423378 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure
    • Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 821-28
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 821-828
  • 3
    • 0026786643 scopus 로고
    • Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial
    • Pfeffer M, Braunwald E, Moyé LA, et al., on behalf of the SAVE investigators. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-77
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 669-677
    • Pfeffer, M.1    Braunwald, E.2    Moyé, L.A.3
  • 4
    • 0025770138 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrite in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure
    • Conn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrite in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 303-10
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 303-310
    • Conn, J.N.1    Johnson, G.2    Ziesche, S.3
  • 5
    • 0026785561 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asympomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions
    • SOLVD investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asympomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 685-91
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 685-691
  • 6
    • 0023267766 scopus 로고
    • Double blind comparison of captopril alone against frusemide plus amiloride in mild heart failure
    • Richardson A, Bayliss J, Sciven AJ, et al. Double blind comparison of captopril alone against frusemide plus amiloride in mild heart failure. Lancet 1987; 2: 709-11
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 709-711
    • Richardson, A.1    Bayliss, J.2    Sciven, A.J.3
  • 7
    • 0026072848 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure
    • Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1468-75
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1468-1475
    • Packer, M.1    Carver, J.R.2    Rodeheffer, R.J.3
  • 8
    • 0022004992 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enalapril in heart failure: A double-blind study of effects on exercise performance, renal function, hormones, and metabolic state
    • Cleland J, Dargie H, Ball S, et al. Effects of enalapril in heart failure: a double-blind study of effects on exercise performance, renal function, hormones, and metabolic state. Br Heart J 1985; 54: 305-12
    • (1985) Br Heart J , vol.54 , pp. 305-312
    • Cleland, J.1    Dargie, H.2    Ball, S.3
  • 9
    • 0021888817 scopus 로고
    • Haemodynamic and neurohumoral response to exercise in patients with congestive heart failure treated with captopril
    • Creager MA, Faxon DP, Weiner DA, et al. Haemodynamic and neurohumoral response to exercise in patients with congestive heart failure treated with captopril. Br Heart J 1985; 53: 431-5
    • (1985) Br Heart J , vol.53 , pp. 431-435
    • Creager, M.A.1    Faxon, D.P.2    Weiner, D.A.3
  • 10
    • 0024516574 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting peripheral short-term and long-term effects of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Drexler H, Banhardt U, Meinertz T, et al. Contrasting peripheral short-term and long-term effects of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1989; 79: 491-502
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.79 , pp. 491-502
    • Drexler, H.1    Banhardt, U.2    Meinertz, T.3
  • 11
    • 0020362662 scopus 로고
    • Acute and long-term effects of captopril in exercise cardiac performance and exercise capacity in congestive heart failure
    • Kramer B, Topic N, Massie B. Acute and long-term effects of captopril in exercise cardiac performance and exercise capacity in congestive heart failure. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 14: 143-51
    • (1982) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 143-151
    • Kramer, B.1    Topic, N.2    Massie, B.3
  • 12
    • 0023266532 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure
    • CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429-35
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.316 , pp. 1429-1435
  • 13
    • 0023002392 scopus 로고
    • Neurohumoral activation during exercise in congestive heart failure
    • Kirlin PC, Grekin R, Das S, et al. Neurohumoral activation during exercise in congestive heart failure. Am J Med 1986; 81: 623-9
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.81 , pp. 623-629
    • Kirlin, P.C.1    Grekin, R.2    Das, S.3
  • 14
    • 0022399463 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the renin-angiotensin system on limb circulation and metabolism during exercise in patients with heart failure
    • Wilson JR, Ferraro N. Effect of the renin-angiotensin system on limb circulation and metabolism during exercise in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1985; 6: 556-63
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.6 , pp. 556-563
    • Wilson, J.R.1    Ferraro, N.2
  • 15
    • 0023200421 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of enhanced maximal exercise performance on increased peak skeletal muscle perfusion during long-term captopril therapy in heart failure
    • Mancini DM, Davis L, Wexler JP, et al. Dependence of enhanced maximal exercise performance on increased peak skeletal muscle perfusion during long-term captopril therapy in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10; 845-50
    • (1987) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.10 , pp. 845-850
    • Mancini, D.M.1    Davis, L.2    Wexler, J.P.3
  • 16
    • 0025318531 scopus 로고
    • Effects of captopril versus milrinone therapy in modulating the adrenergic nervous system response to exercise in congestive heart failure
    • Corbalan R, Jalil J, Chamorro G, et al. Effects of captopril versus milrinone therapy in modulating the adrenergic nervous system response to exercise in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65: 644-9
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.65 , pp. 644-649
    • Corbalan, R.1    Jalil, J.2    Chamorro, G.3
  • 17
    • 0027519870 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of left ventricular dilatation after acute myocardial infarction by early initiation of enalapril therapy
    • Bonarjee VVS, Carstensen S, Caidahl K, et al. Attenuation of left ventricular dilatation after acute myocardial infarction by early initiation of enalapril therapy. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72: 1004-9
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.72 , pp. 1004-1009
    • Bonarjee, V.V.S.1    Carstensen, S.2    Caidahl, K.3
  • 18
    • 0025759178 scopus 로고
    • Early prevention of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition
    • Sharpe N, Smith H, Murphy J, et al. Early prevention of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition. Lancet 1991; 337: 872-6
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 872-876
    • Sharpe, N.1    Smith, H.2    Murphy, J.3
  • 19
    • 0024559188 scopus 로고
    • Effects of left ventricular shape and captopril therapy on exercise capacity after anterior wall acute myocardial infarction
    • Lamas G, Vaughan D, Parisi A, et al. Effects of left ventricular shape and captopril therapy on exercise capacity after anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63: 1167-73
    • (1989) Am J Cardiol , vol.63 , pp. 1167-1173
    • Lamas, G.1    Vaughan, D.2    Parisi, A.3
  • 20
    • 0027429854 scopus 로고
    • Effect on exercise performance of enalapril therapy initiated early after myocardial infarction
    • Dickstein K, Aarsland T. Effect on exercise performance of enalapril therapy initiated early after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 975-83
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 975-983
    • Dickstein, K.1    Aarsland, T.2
  • 22
    • 0022515132 scopus 로고
    • Symtomatic assessment of patients with heart failure: Double-blind comparison of increasing doses of diuretics and captopril in moderate heart failure
    • Coewley AJ, Stainer K, Wynne RD, et al. Symtomatic assessment of patients with heart failure: double-blind comparison of increasing doses of diuretics and captopril in moderate heart failure. Lancet 1986; 2: 770-2
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 770-772
    • Coewley, A.J.1    Stainer, K.2    Wynne, R.D.3
  • 23
    • 0025845654 scopus 로고
    • The physiologic basis of diuretic synergism: Its role in treating diuretic resistance
    • Ellison DH. The physiologic basis of diuretic synergism: its role in treating diuretic resistance. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 886-94
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.114 , pp. 886-894
    • Ellison, D.H.1
  • 24
    • 0025139716 scopus 로고
    • Metolazone and treatment of severe refractory congestive heart failure
    • Kiyingi A, Field MJ, Paussel CC, et al. Metolazone and treatment of severe refractory congestive heart failure. Lancet 1990; 335: 29-31
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 29-31
    • Kiyingi, A.1    Field, M.J.2    Paussel, C.C.3
  • 25
    • 0025770664 scopus 로고
    • Pathologic hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium: Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
    • Weber KT, Brilla CC. Pathologic hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium: fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation 1991; 83: 1849-65
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 1849-1865
    • Weber, K.T.1    Brilla, C.C.2
  • 26
    • 0019865836 scopus 로고
    • Rise in plasma concentration of aldosterone during long term angiotensin II suppression
    • Staessen J, Lijnen P, Fagard R, et al. Rise in plasma concentration of aldosterone during long term angiotensin II suppression. J Endocrinol 1981; 91: 457-65
    • (1981) J Endocrinol , vol.91 , pp. 457-465
    • Staessen, J.1    Lijnen, P.2    Fagard, R.3
  • 27
    • 0027513312 scopus 로고
    • Spironolactone in congestive heart failure refractory to high-dose loop diuretic and low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
    • van Vliet AA, Donker AJM, Nauta JJP, et al. Spironolactone in congestive heart failure refractory to high-dose loop diuretic and low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71: 21A-8A
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.71
    • Van Vliet, A.A.1    Donker, A.J.M.2    Nauta, J.J.P.3
  • 28
    • 0019328372 scopus 로고
    • Long-term digitalis therapy improves left ventricular function in heart failure
    • Arnold SB, Byrd RC, Meister W, et al. Long-term digitalis therapy improves left ventricular function in heart failure. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1443-8
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 1443-1448
    • Arnold, S.B.1    Byrd, R.C.2    Meister, W.3
  • 29
    • 0024402581 scopus 로고
    • Sympathoinhibitory responses to digitalis glycosides in heart failure patients
    • Ferguson DW, Berg WJ, Sanders JS, et al. Sympathoinhibitory responses to digitalis glycosides in heart failure patients. Circulation 1989; 80: 65-77
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.80 , pp. 65-77
    • Ferguson, D.W.1    Berg, W.J.2    Sanders, J.S.3
  • 30
    • 0024476808 scopus 로고
    • Comparative hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of intravenous captopril and digoin and their combination in patients with severe heart failure
    • Gheorghiade M, Hall V, Lakier JB, et al. Comparative hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of intravenous captopril and digoin and their combination in patients with severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13: 134-42
    • (1989) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.13 , pp. 134-142
    • Gheorghiade, M.1    Hall, V.2    Lakier, J.B.3
  • 31
    • 0027216221 scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: RADIANCE study
    • Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB, et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: RADIANCE study. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1-7
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1-7
    • Packer, M.1    Gheorghiade, M.2    Young, J.B.3
  • 32
    • 0027436528 scopus 로고
    • Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: Results of the PROVED trial
    • Uretsky BF, Young JB, Shahidi FD, et al., on behalf of the PROVED investigative group. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 955-62
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 955-962
    • Uretsky, B.F.1    Young, J.B.2    Shahidi, F.D.3
  • 33
    • 0025959255 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of renin inhibition by enalkiren in chronic congestive heart failure
    • Neuberg GW, Kukin ML, Penn J, et al. Hemodynamic effects of renin inhibition by enalkiren in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 63-6
    • (1991) Am J Cardiol , vol.67 , pp. 63-66
    • Neuberg, G.W.1    Kukin, M.L.2    Penn, J.3
  • 34
    • 0023197647 scopus 로고
    • The broad substrate specificity of human angiotensin I converting enzyme
    • Skidgel RA, Erdos EG. The broad substrate specificity of human angiotensin I converting enzyme. Clin Exp Hypertens 1987; 9: 243-59
    • (1987) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 243-259
    • Skidgel, R.A.1    Erdos, E.G.2
  • 36
    • 0026548065 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nifedipine and indomethacin on cough induced by angiotensin-converting inhibitors: A double-blind, randomized, cross-over study
    • Fogari R, Zoppi A, Tettamanti F, et al. Effects of nifedipine and indomethacin on cough induced by angiotensin-converting inhibitors: a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 19: 670-3
    • (1992) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 670-673
    • Fogari, R.1    Zoppi, A.2    Tettamanti, F.3
  • 37
    • 0025239660 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II-forming pathways in normal and failing human hearts
    • Urata H, Healy B, Stewart RW, et al. Angiotensin II-forming pathways in normal and failing human hearts. Circ Res 1990; 66: 883-90
    • (1990) Circ Res , vol.66 , pp. 883-890
    • Urata, H.1    Healy, B.2    Stewart, R.W.3
  • 38
    • 0026532380 scopus 로고
    • The myocardial renin-angiotensin system: Existence, importance, and clinical implications
    • Grinstead WC, Young JB. The myocardial renin-angiotensin system: existence, importance, and clinical implications. Am Heart J 1992; 123: 1039-45
    • (1992) Am Heart J , vol.123 , pp. 1039-1045
    • Grinstead, W.C.1    Young, J.B.2
  • 39
    • 0025858964 scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of DuP 753, a specific angiotensin II receptor antagonist, to normal male volunteers: Inhibition of response to exogenous angiotensin I and II
    • Christen Y, Waeber B, Nussberger J, et al. Oral administration of DuP 753, a specific angiotensin II receptor antagonist, to normal male volunteers: inhibition of response to exogenous angiotensin I and II. Circulation 1991; 83: 1333-42
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 1333-1342
    • Christen, Y.1    Waeber, B.2    Nussberger, J.3
  • 40
    • 0027379394 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Gottleib S, Dickstein K, Fleck E, et al. Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993; 88: 1602-9
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1602-1609
    • Gottleib, S.1    Dickstein, K.2    Fleck, E.3
  • 41
    • 0028798758 scopus 로고
    • Losartan in heart failure: Hemodynamic effects and tolerability
    • Crozier I, Ikram H, Awan N, et al. Losartan in heart failure: hemodynamic effects and tolerability. Circulation 1995; 91: 691-7
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 691-697
    • Crozier, I.1    Ikram, H.2    Awan, N.3
  • 42
    • 0029102699 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of losartan and enalapril on clinical status and exercise performance in patients with moderate or severe chronic heart failure
    • Dickstein K, Chang PD, Willenheimer R, et al. Comparison of the effects of losartan and enalapril on clinical status and exercise performance in patients with moderate or severe chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 438-45
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 438-445
    • Dickstein, K.1    Chang, P.D.2    Willenheimer, R.3
  • 44
    • 0024422787 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and their influence on inflammation, bronchial reactivity and cough: A research review
    • Lindgren B, Anderson R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and their influence on inflammation, bronchial reactivity and cough: a research review. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exper 1989; 4: 369-80
    • (1989) Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exper , vol.4 , pp. 369-380
    • Lindgren, B.1    Anderson, R.2
  • 45
    • 0028609607 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensinergic versus nonangiotensinergic hemodynamic effects of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure: Assessment by acute renin and converting enzyme inhibition
    • Kiowski W, Beerman J, Rickenbacher P, et al. Angiotensinergic versus nonangiotensinergic hemodynamic effects of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure: assessment by acute renin and converting enzyme inhibition. Circulation 1994; 90: 2748-56
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 2748-2756
    • Kiowski, W.1    Beerman, J.2    Rickenbacher, P.3
  • 46
    • 0027226183 scopus 로고
    • Bradykinin causes selective efferent arteriolar dilation during angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition
    • Kon V, Fogo A, Ichikawa I. Bradykinin causes selective efferent arteriolar dilation during angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition. Kidney Int 1993; 44: 545-50
    • (1993) Kidney Int , vol.44 , pp. 545-550
    • Kon, V.1    Fogo, A.2    Ichikawa, I.3
  • 47
    • 0027051507 scopus 로고
    • Counteraction of the vasodilator effects of enalapril by aspirin in severe heart failure
    • Hall D, Zeitler H, Rudolph W. Counteraction of the vasodilator effects of enalapril by aspirin in severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 1549-55
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 1549-1555
    • Hall, D.1    Zeitler, H.2    Rudolph, W.3
  • 48
    • 0028905845 scopus 로고
    • Combining salicylate and enalapril in pateints with coronary artery disease and heart failure
    • Baur LHB, Schipperheyn JJ, van der Laarse A, et al. Combining salicylate and enalapril in pateints with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Br Heart J 1995; 73: 227-36
    • (1995) Br Heart J , vol.73 , pp. 227-236
    • Baur, L.H.B.1    Schipperheyn, J.J.2    Van Der Laarse, A.3
  • 49
    • 85035171337 scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology and heterogeneity of angiotensin II receptors
    • Dzau VJ. Molecular biology and heterogeneity of angiotensin II receptors. J Hypertens 1994; 12: S1-5
    • (1994) J Hypertens , vol.12
    • Dzau, V.J.1
  • 50
    • 0022623381 scopus 로고
    • Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality and chronic congestive heart failure: Results of the Veterans Administration cooperative study
    • Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality and chronic congestive heart failure: results of the Veterans Administration cooperative study. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1547-52
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 1547-1552
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Archibald, D.G.2    Ziesche, S.3
  • 51
    • 0026547950 scopus 로고
    • Effect of direct vasodilation with hydralazine vs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on mortality in advanced heart failure: The Hy-C trial
    • Fonarrow GC, Chemlimsky-Fallick C, Stevenson LW, et al. Effect of direct vasodilation with hydralazine vs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on mortality in advanced heart failure: the Hy-C trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 842-50
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.19 , pp. 842-850
    • Fonarrow, G.C.1    Chemlimsky-Fallick, C.2    Stevenson, L.W.3
  • 52
    • 0025133431 scopus 로고
    • Potential role of the tissue renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure
    • Hirsch AT, Pinto YM, Schunkert H, et al. Potential role of the tissue renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66: 22D-32D
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.66
    • Hirsch, A.T.1    Pinto, Y.M.2    Schunkert, H.3
  • 53
    • 0018179598 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sublingual nitroglycerin in emergency treatment of severe pulmonary oedema
    • Bussmann WD, Schupp D. Effect of sublingual nitroglycerin in emergency treatment of severe pulmonary oedema. Am J Cardiol 1978; 41: 931-6
    • (1978) Am J Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 931-936
    • Bussmann, W.D.1    Schupp, D.2
  • 54
    • 0019714809 scopus 로고
    • Central and regional hemodynamic effects of intravenous isosorbid dinitrite, nitroglycerin and nitroprusside in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Leier CV, Bambach D, Thompson M, et al. Central and regional hemodynamic effects of intravenous isosorbid dinitrite, nitroglycerin and nitroprusside in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1981; 48: 1115-23
    • (1981) Am J Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 1115-1123
    • Leier, C.V.1    Bambach, D.2    Thompson, M.3
  • 55
    • 0024406058 scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Packer M. The clinical significance of nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 1989; 10 Suppl. A: 20-5
    • (1989) Eur Heart J , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 20-25
    • Packer, M.1
  • 56
    • 0023137852 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of BTS 49465, a new long-acting systemic vasodilator drug, in patients with severe congestive heart failure
    • Kessler PD, Packer M. Hemodynamic effects of BTS 49465, a new long-acting systemic vasodilator drug, in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1987; 113: 137-43
    • (1987) Am Heart J , vol.113 , pp. 137-143
    • Kessler, P.D.1    Packer, M.2
  • 57
    • 0026013049 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of flosequinan
    • Yates DR. Pharmacology of flosequinan. Am Heart J 1991; 121: 974-83
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.121 , pp. 974-983
    • Yates, D.R.1
  • 58
    • 0027326641 scopus 로고
    • Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: Results of the flosequinan-ACE inhibitor trial (FACET)
    • Massie BM, Berk MR, Brozena SC, et al. Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: results of the flosequinan-ACE inhibitor trial (FACET). Circulation 1993; 88: 492-501
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 492-501
    • Massie, B.M.1    Berk, M.R.2    Brozena, S.C.3
  • 59
    • 0027176088 scopus 로고
    • Double blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of flosequinan in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Packer M, Narahara KA, Elkayam U, et al. Double blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of flosequinan in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 65-72
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 65-72
    • Packer, M.1    Narahara, K.A.2    Elkayam, U.3
  • 60
    • 0000296591 scopus 로고
    • Effect of flosequinan on survival in chronic heart failure Preliminary results of the PROFILE study
    • Packer M, Rouleau J, Swedberg K, et al. Effect of flosequinan on survival in chronic heart failure Preliminary results of the PROFILE study [abstract]. Circulation 1993; 88: 1-301
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1-301
    • Packer, M.1    Rouleau, J.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 61
    • 0028944883 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of epoprostenol in patients with severe congestive heart failure
    • Sueta CA, Gheorghiade M, Adams KF, et al. Safety and efficacy of epoprostenol in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 34A-43A
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75
    • Sueta, C.A.1    Gheorghiade, M.2    Adams, K.F.3
  • 62
    • 0343296194 scopus 로고
    • Experience of chronic intravenous epoprostenol infusion in end-stage cardiac failure: Results of FIRST
    • McKenna WJ, Swedberg K, Zannad F, et al. Experience of chronic intravenous epoprostenol infusion in end-stage cardiac failure: results of FIRST [abstract]. Eur Heart J 1994; 15: 36A
    • (1994) Eur Heart J , vol.15
    • McKenna, W.J.1    Swedberg, K.2    Zannad, F.3
  • 63
    • 0028952367 scopus 로고
    • Is there a role for epoprostenol in the management of heart failure?
    • Haywood GA, Adams KF, Gheorghiade M, et al. Is there a role for epoprostenol in the management of heart failure? Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 44A-50A
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75
    • Haywood, G.A.1    Adams, K.F.2    Gheorghiade, M.3
  • 64
    • 0027491038 scopus 로고
    • Classification of positive inotropic agents
    • Feldman AM. Classification of positive inotropic agents. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 1223-7
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 1223-1227
    • Feldman, A.M.1
  • 65
    • 0025279763 scopus 로고
    • Xamoterol in severe heart failure
    • Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group. Xamoterol in severe heart failure. Lancet 1990; 336: 1-6
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1-6
  • 66
    • 0026567057 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure
    • Kubo SH, Gollub S, Bourge R, et al. Beneficial effect of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1992; 85: 942-9
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 942-949
    • Kubo, S.H.1    Gollub, S.2    Bourge, R.3
  • 67
    • 0027322458 scopus 로고
    • Effects of vesnarinone on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure
    • Feldman AM, Bristow JD, Parmley WW, et al. Effects of vesnarinone on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 149-55
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 149-155
    • Feldman, A.M.1    Bristow, J.D.2    Parmley, W.W.3
  • 68
    • 0024816329 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic basis for the use of dopamine and related drugs in the treatment of congestive heart failure
    • Goldberg LI. Pharmacologic basis for the use of dopamine and related drugs in the treatment of congestive heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989; 14: S21-8
    • (1989) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.14
    • Goldberg, L.I.1
  • 69
    • 0018085625 scopus 로고
    • Comparative systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in patients with cardiomyopathic heart failure
    • Leier CV, Heban PT, Huss P, et al. Comparative systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in patients with cardiomyopathic heart failure. Circulation 1978; 58: 466-72
    • (1978) Circulation , vol.58 , pp. 466-472
    • Leier, C.V.1    Heban, P.T.2    Huss, P.3
  • 70
    • 0023684049 scopus 로고
    • Ibopamine: A preliminary review of itsa pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy
    • Henwood JM, Todd PA. Ibopamine: a preliminary review of itsa pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1988; 36: 11-31
    • (1988) Drugs , vol.36 , pp. 11-31
    • Henwood, J.M.1    Todd, P.A.2
  • 71
    • 0022504203 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term therapy with oral ibopamine on resting hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: Relationship to the generation of N-methyldopamine and to plasma norepinephrine levels
    • Rajfer SI, Rossen JD, Douglas FL, et al. Effects of long-term therapy with oral ibopamine on resting hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: relationship to the generation of N-methyldopamine and to plasma norepinephrine levels. Circulation 1986; 73: 740-8
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.73 , pp. 740-748
    • Rajfer, S.I.1    Rossen, J.D.2    Douglas, F.L.3
  • 72
    • 0026517706 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intravenous epinine administration on left ventricular systolic performance, coronary hemodynamics, and circulating catecholamines in patients with heart failure
    • Rousseau MF, Ragioso J, van Eyll C, et al. Effects of intravenous epinine administration on left ventricular systolic performance, coronary hemodynamics, and circulating catecholamines in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 19: 155-62
    • (1992) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 155-162
    • Rousseau, M.F.1    Ragioso, J.2    Van Eyll, C.3
  • 73
    • 0026730339 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute and chronic ibopamine administration on resting and exercise hemodynamics, plasma catecholamines and functional capacity of patients with heart failure
    • Cas LD, Metra M, Visioli O. Effects of acute and chronic ibopamine administration on resting and exercise hemodynamics, plasma catecholamines and functional capacity of patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 629-34
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 629-634
    • Cas, L.D.1    Metra, M.2    Visioli, O.3
  • 74
    • 0027523452 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ibopamine on renal haemodynamics in patients with severe congestive heart failure
    • Girbes ARJ, Kalisvaart CJ, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Effect of ibopamine on renal haemodynamics in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J 1993; 14: 279-93
    • (1993) Eur Heart J , vol.14 , pp. 279-293
    • Girbes, A.R.J.1    Kalisvaart, C.J.2    Van Veldhuisen, D.J.3
  • 75
    • 0023023302 scopus 로고
    • Atrial natriuretic factor in normal subjects and heart failure patients: Plasma levels and renal, hormonal, and hemodynamic responses to peptide infusion
    • Cody RJ, Atas SA, Laragh JH, et al. Atrial natriuretic factor in normal subjects and heart failure patients: plasma levels and renal, hormonal, and hemodynamic responses to peptide infusion. J Clin Invest 1986; 78: 1362-74
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.78 , pp. 1362-1374
    • Cody, R.J.1    Atas, S.A.2    Laragh, J.H.3
  • 76
    • 0028905582 scopus 로고
    • The role of neutral endopeptidase in dogs with evolving congestive heart failure
    • Marguiles KB, Barclay PL, Burnett JC. The role of neutral endopeptidase in dogs with evolving congestive heart failure. Circulation 1995; 91: 2036-42
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2036-2042
    • Marguiles, K.B.1    Barclay, P.L.2    Burnett, J.C.3
  • 77
    • 0025356776 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors of ANF metabolism: Potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular disease
    • Granger JP. Inhibitors of ANF metabolism: potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1990; 82: 313-5
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 313-315
    • Granger, J.P.1
  • 78
    • 0027746257 scopus 로고
    • Dose-ranging effects of candoxatril on elimination of exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in chronic heart failure
    • Motwani JG, Lang CC, Allen MJ, et al. Dose-ranging effects of candoxatril on elimination of exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in chronic heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 54: 661-9
    • (1993) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.54 , pp. 661-669
    • Motwani, J.G.1    Lang, C.C.2    Allen, M.J.3
  • 79
    • 0017804157 scopus 로고
    • Plasma norepinephrine in congestive heart failure
    • Thomas JA, Marks BH. Plasma norepinephrine in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1987; 41: 233-43
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 233-243
    • Thomas, J.A.1    Marks, B.H.2
  • 80
    • 0001440848 scopus 로고
    • Importance of adrenergic nervous system in the support of circulatory function in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Gaffney TE, Braunwald E. Importance of adrenergic nervous system in the support of circulatory function in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Med 1963; 34: 320-4
    • (1963) Am J Med , vol.34 , pp. 320-324
    • Gaffney, T.E.1    Braunwald, E.2
  • 81
    • 0026558346 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic effects on the biology of the adult mammalian cardiocyte
    • Mann DL, Kent RL, Parsons B, et al. Adrenergic effects on the biology of the adult mammalian cardiocyte. Circulation 1992; 85: 790-804
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 790-804
    • Mann, D.L.1    Kent, R.L.2    Parsons, B.3
  • 82
    • 0027480506 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and pharmacologic rationales for clinical management of chronic heart failure with beta-blocking agents
    • Bristow MR. Pathophysiology and pharmacologic rationales for clinical management of chronic heart failure with beta-blocking agents. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71: 12C-22C
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.71
    • Bristow, M.R.1
  • 83
    • 0027402165 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trials with beta blockers in heart failure: Metoprolol as the prototype
    • Fowler MB. Controlled trials with beta blockers in heart failure: metoprolol as the prototype. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71: 45C-53C
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.71
    • Fowler, M.B.1
  • 84
    • 0027135308 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Waagstein F, Bristow MR, Swedberg K, et al., for the Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial Study Group. Beneficial effect of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 1993; 342: 1441-6
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1441-1446
    • Waagstein, F.1    Bristow, M.R.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 85
    • 0028951035 scopus 로고
    • Time course of improvement in left ventricular function, mass and geometry in patients with congestive heart failure treated with beta-adrenergic blockade
    • Hall SA, Cigarroa CG, Marcoux L, et al. Time course of improvement in left ventricular function, mass and geometry in patients with congestive heart failure treated with beta-adrenergic blockade. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 1154-61
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 1154-1161
    • Hall, S.A.1    Cigarroa, C.G.2    Marcoux, L.3
  • 86
    • 0028195009 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of metoprolol in heart failure associated with coronary artery disease: A randomized trial
    • Fischer ML, Gottleib SS, Plotnick GD, et al. Beneficial effects of metoprolol in heart failure associated with coronary artery disease: a randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23: 943-50
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 943-950
    • Fischer, M.L.1    Gottleib, S.S.2    Plotnick, G.D.3
  • 87
    • 0018759507 scopus 로고
    • Prolongation of survival in congestive cardiomyopathy by β-receptor blockade
    • Swedberg K, Waagstein F, Hjalmarson A, et al. Prolongation of survival in congestive cardiomyopathy by β-receptor blockade. Lancet 1979; 1: 1374-6
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1374-1376
    • Swedberg, K.1    Waagstein, F.2    Hjalmarson, A.3
  • 88
    • 0021961516 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of low-dose beta-blockade therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Anderson JL, Lutz JR, Gilbert EM, et al. A randomized trial of low-dose beta-blockade therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1985; 55: 471-5
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 471-475
    • Anderson, J.L.1    Lutz, J.R.2    Gilbert, E.M.3
  • 89
    • 0022613443 scopus 로고
    • Effect of propranolol after acute myocardial infarction in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Chadda K, Goldstein S, Byington R, et al. Effect of propranolol after acute myocardial infarction in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1986; 73: 503-10
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.73 , pp. 503-510
    • Chadda, K.1    Goldstein, S.2    Byington, R.3
  • 90
    • 13544261892 scopus 로고
    • Chronic β-blocker-vasodilator therapy improved cardiac function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: A double blind, randomized study of bucindolol versus placebo
    • Gilbert EM, Anderson JL, Deitchman D, et al. Chronic β-blocker-vasodilator therapy improved cardiac function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a double blind, randomized study of bucindolol versus placebo. Am J Med 1990; 88; 223-9
    • (1990) Am J Med , vol.88 , pp. 223-229
    • Gilbert, E.M.1    Anderson, J.L.2    Deitchman, D.3
  • 91
    • 0025824622 scopus 로고
    • β-blockade with bucindolol in heart failure due to ischemic vs idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Woodley SL, Gilbert EM, Anderson JL, et al. β-blockade with bucindolol in heart failure due to ischemic vs idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1991 ; 84: 2426-41
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 2426-2441
    • Woodley, S.L.1    Gilbert, E.M.2    Anderson, J.L.3
  • 93
    • 0025027078 scopus 로고
    • Value of carvedilol in congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease
    • DasGupta P, Broadhurst P, Raferty EB, et al. Value of carvedilol in congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66: 1118-23
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.66 , pp. 1118-1123
    • DasGupta, P.1    Broadhurst, P.2    Raferty, E.B.3
  • 94
    • 7844229954 scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol improves left ventricular function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Olsen SL, Gilbert EM, Renlund DG, et al. Carvedilol improves left ventricular function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1991; 84 Suppl. II: II-564
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Olsen, S.L.1    Gilbert, E.M.2    Renlund, D.G.3
  • 95
    • 0004857425 scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol improves symptoms and left ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Olsen SL Gilbert EM, Renlund DG, et al. Carvedilol improves symptoms and left ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 114A
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.21
    • Olsen, S.L.1    Gilbert, E.M.2    Renlund, D.G.3
  • 96
    • 3543017446 scopus 로고
    • Effect of carvedilol on the survival of patients with chronic heart failure
    • Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn J, et al. Effect of carvedilol on the survival of patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 1995; 92 Suppl.: I-394
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Packer, M.1    Bristow, M.R.2    Cohn, J.3
  • 97
    • 0023544889 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-channel blockade in the management of severe chronic congestive heart falure: A bridge too far
    • Packer M, Kessler PD, Lee WH. Calcium-channel blockade in the management of severe chronic congestive heart falure: a bridge too far. Circulation 1987; 75 Suppl. 5: V56-64
    • (1987) Circulation , vol.75 , Issue.5 SUPPL.
    • Packer, M.1    Kessler, P.D.2    Lee, W.H.3
  • 98
    • 0025696657 scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to compare the efficacy and safety of chronic nifedipine therapy to isosorbide dinitrate and their combination in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure
    • Elkayam U, Amin J, Mehra A, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to compare the efficacy and safety of chronic nifedipine therapy to isosorbide dinitrate and their combination in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation 1990; 82: 1954-61
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 1954-1961
    • Elkayam, U.1    Amin, J.2    Mehra, A.3
  • 99
    • 0024805220 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the adverse effects of calcium-channel blocking drugs in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Packer M. Pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the adverse effects of calcium-channel blocking drugs in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 1989; 80 Suppl. 4: 59-67
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.80 , Issue.4 SUPPL. , pp. 59-67
    • Packer, M.1
  • 100
    • 0001628464 scopus 로고
    • Randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of amlodipine in patients with mild to moderate heart failure
    • Packer M, Nicod P, Khandheiria BR, et al. Randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of amlodipine in patients with mild to moderate heart failure [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17: 274
    • (1991) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.17 , pp. 274
    • Packer, M.1    Nicod, P.2    Khandheiria, B.R.3
  • 101
    • 0026512988 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic efects of the vascular selective calcium antagonist felodipine in patients with impaired left ventricular function
    • Gradman AH. Hemodynamic efects of the vascular selective calcium antagonist felodipine in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Am Heart J 1992; 123: 273-8
    • (1992) Am Heart J , vol.123 , pp. 273-278
    • Gradman, A.H.1
  • 102
    • 0000431872 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of amlodipine in chronic heart failure: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study
    • Smith WB, DeAbate AC, Gollub SB, et al. Beneficial long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of amlodipine in chronic heart failure: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study [abstract]. Circulation 1994; 90: I-603
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90
    • Smith, W.B.1    DeAbate, A.C.2    Gollub, S.B.3
  • 103
    • 0002098140 scopus 로고
    • Effect of amlodipine on mode of death in severe chronic heart failure: The PRAISE trial
    • O'Connor CM, Belkin RN, Carson PE, et al. Effect of amlodipine on mode of death in severe chronic heart failure: the PRAISE trial. Circulation 1995; 92 Suppl : I-143
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • O'Connor, C.M.1    Belkin, R.N.2    Carson, P.E.3
  • 104
    • 0001251332 scopus 로고
    • Effect of felodipine on short-term exercise and neurohormone and long-term mortality in heart failure: Results of V-HeFT III
    • Cohn J, Ziesche SM, Loss LE, et al. Effect of felodipine on short-term exercise and neurohormone and long-term mortality in heart failure: results of V-HeFT III. Circulation 1995; 92 Suppl.: I-143
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Cohn, J.1    Ziesche, S.M.2    Loss, L.E.3
  • 105
    • 0022185363 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular arrhythmias in severe heart failure: Incidence, significance, and effectiveness of antiarrhythmic therapy
    • Chakki CS, Gherghiade M. Ventricular arrhythmias in severe heart failure: incidence, significance, and effectiveness of antiarrhythmic therapy. Am Heart J 1985; 109: 497-504
    • (1985) Am Heart J , vol.109 , pp. 497-504
    • Chakki, C.S.1    Gherghiade, M.2
  • 106
    • 0022384823 scopus 로고
    • Sudden unexpected death in patients with congestive heart failure: A second frontier
    • Packer M. Sudden unexpected death in patients with congestive heart failure: a second frontier. Circulation 1985; 72: 681-5
    • (1985) Circulation , vol.72 , pp. 681-685
    • Packer, M.1
  • 107
    • 0023201957 scopus 로고
    • Why patients with congestive heart failure die: Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death
    • Bigger Jr JT. Why patients with congestive heart failure die: arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 1987; 75: 28-35
    • (1987) Circulation , vol.75 , pp. 28-35
    • Bigger Jr., J.T.1
  • 108
    • 0024437578 scopus 로고
    • The inverse relationship between baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and outcome from antiarrhythmic therapy: A dangerous imbalance in risk-benefit ratio
    • Pratt CM, Eaton T, Francis M, et al. The inverse relationship between baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and outcome from antiarrhythmic therapy: a dangerous imbalance in risk-benefit ratio. Am Heart J 1989; 118: 433-40
    • (1989) Am Heart J , vol.118 , pp. 433-440
    • Pratt, C.M.1    Eaton, T.2    Francis, M.3
  • 109
    • 0024467652 scopus 로고
    • Congestive heart failure induced by six newer antiarrhythmic drugs
    • Ravid S, Podrid PJ, Lampert S, et al. Congestive heart failure induced by six newer antiarrhythmic drugs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 1326-30
    • (1989) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.14 , pp. 1326-1330
    • Ravid, S.1    Podrid, P.J.2    Lampert, S.3
  • 110
    • 0019460264 scopus 로고
    • Long-term management of sustained recurrent symptomatic ventricular tachycardia with amiodarone
    • Kaski JC, Girotti LA, Messuti H, et al. Long-term management of sustained recurrent symptomatic ventricular tachycardia with amiodarone. Circulation 1981; 64: 273-9
    • (1981) Circulation , vol.64 , pp. 273-279
    • Kaski, J.C.1    Girotti, L.A.2    Messuti, H.3
  • 111
    • 0023275177 scopus 로고
    • Clinical, haemodynamic and antiarrhythmic effect of long term treatment with amiodarone of patients in heart failure
    • Cleland JGF, Dargie HJ, Findlay JN, et al. Clinical, haemodynamic and antiarrhythmic effect of long term treatment with amiodarone of patients in heart failure. Br Heart J 1987; 57: 436-45
    • (1987) Br Heart J , vol.57 , pp. 436-445
    • Cleland, J.G.F.1    Dargie, H.J.2    Findlay, J.N.3
  • 112
    • 0025936385 scopus 로고
    • Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose amiodarone in patients with severe heart failure and asymptomatic frequent ventricular ectopy
    • Nicklas JM, McKenna WJ, Stewart RA, et al. Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose amiodarone in patients with severe heart failure and asymptomatic frequent ventricular ectopy. Am Heart J 1991; 122: 1016-21
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.122 , pp. 1016-1021
    • Nicklas, J.M.1    McKenna, W.J.2    Stewart, R.A.3
  • 113
    • 0029004921 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia
    • Singh SN, Fletcher RD, Fisher SG, et al. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 77-82
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 77-82
    • Singh, S.N.1    Fletcher, R.D.2    Fisher, S.G.3
  • 114
    • 0027998462 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure
    • Doval CH, Nul DR, Grancelli HO, et al. Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Lancet 1994; 344: 493-8
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 493-498
    • Doval, C.H.1    Nul, D.R.2    Grancelli, H.O.3
  • 115
    • 0029004921 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia
    • Singh SN, Fletcher RD, Fisher SG, et al., for the Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 77-82
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 77-82
    • Singh, S.N.1    Fletcher, R.D.2    Fisher, S.G.3
  • 116
    • 0026250020 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of amiodarone
    • Freedman M, Somberg JC. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of amiodarone. J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31: 1061-9
    • (1991) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Freedman, M.1    Somberg, J.C.2
  • 117
    • 0025966135 scopus 로고
    • Side effects from amiodarone
    • Wilson JS, Podrid PJ. Side effects from amiodarone. Am Heart J 1991; 121: 158-71
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.121 , pp. 158-171
    • Wilson, J.S.1    Podrid, P.J.2
  • 118
    • 0027949399 scopus 로고
    • Management of heart failure: IV. Anti-coagulation for patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction
    • Baker DW, Wright RF. Management of heart failure: IV. Anti-coagulation for patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. JAMA 1994; 272: 1614-8
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1614-1618
    • Baker, D.W.1    Wright, R.F.2
  • 119
    • 0027294783 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of thromboembolic events in congestive heart failure
    • Dunkman WB, Johnson GR, Carson PE, et al. Incidence of thromboembolic events in congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993; 87 Suppl. 6: VI-94-VI-101
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Dunkman, W.B.1    Johnson, G.R.2    Carson, P.E.3
  • 120
    • 0028556254 scopus 로고
    • Cardiology II: Treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias
    • McMurray J, Rankin A. Cardiology II: treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias. BMJ 1994; 309: 1631-5
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 1631-1635
    • McMurray, J.1    Rankin, A.2
  • 121
    • 0028299163 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin in human congestive heart failure
    • Wei CM, Lerman A, Rodeheffer RJ, et al. Endothelin in human congestive heart failure. Circulation 1994; 89: 1580-6
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Wei, C.M.1    Lerman, A.2    Rodeheffer, R.J.3
  • 122
    • 0027998055 scopus 로고
    • Role of endothelin in the management of blood pressure in concious rats with chronic hearet failure: Acute effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist Ro 47-0203
    • Teerlink JR, Löffler BM, Hess P, et al. Role of endothelin in the management of blood pressure in concious rats with chronic hearet failure: acute effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist Ro 47-0203 (Bosentan). Circulation 1994; 90: 2510-8
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 2510-2518
    • Teerlink, J.R.1    Löffler, B.M.2    Hess, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.