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Although the changes in quantal size evoked by LTP and LTD were highly significant, there was still a discrepancy, especially for LTP, between the magnitude of the change recorded on the evoked EPSC compared with the change in quantal size. If all of the recorded quantal responses come from the synapses expressing the plasticity, one possible explanation is that events that were below the detection threshold before LTP become detectable but are smaller than the basal mean quantal size. These events would add to the enhancement of the evoked response but would actually counteract the increase in mean size of the quantal events.
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Another possibility is that a change in quantal size is caused by a relative change in the frequency of large quantal events. In considering this possibility, one must consider what effect such a selective change will have on the overall frequency and the shape of the distribution. We have examined this issue for all of the cells by attempting to reproduce the observed change in distribution and mean quantal size by changing the relative frequency of subsets of quantal events larger than the mean. In all cases where the shape of the distribution was not significantly different from the observed distribution, the overall increase in frequency would have had to have been several times (2- to 20-fold) greater than that observed experimentally tor a selective change in the frequency of large events to account for the observed change in mean quantal size.
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We thank colleagues in our laboratories for valuable discussion and comments on the manuscript. S.H.R O. is supported by an International Human Frontier Science Program fellowship, R.A.N. is a member of the Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience and the Silvio Conte Center for Neuroscience Research, and R.C.M. is a member of the Center for Neurobiology and Psychiatry. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
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