The ectodomain of HIV-1 env subunit gp41 forms a soluble, α-helical, rod-like oligomer in the absence of gp120 and the N-terminal fusion peptide

EMBO Journal

Volumn 15, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 1507-1514

  Weissenhorn, Winfried ^a   Wharton, Stephen A ^b   Calder, Lesley J ^b   Earl, Patricia L ^c   Moss, Bernard ^c   Aliprandis, Elias ^a   Skehel, John J ^b   Wiley, Don C ^a,d  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Conformational change; Envelope glycoprotein gp41; HIV 1; Membrane fusion

Indexed keywords

ENVELOPE PROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 120; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 41; HYBRID PROTEIN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; OLIGOMER; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; VIRUS PROTEIN;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS LINKING; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; GEL FILTRATION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; NONHUMAN; OLIGOMERIZATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN FOLDING; PROTEIN STABILITY; SOLUBILITY;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; INSECTA;

EID: 0029878665     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00494.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Allan, J.S., Coligan, J.E., Barin, F., McLane, M.F., Sodroski, J.G., Rosen, C.A., Haseltine, W A., Lee, W A and Essex, M. (1985) Major glycoprotein antigens that induce antibodies in AIDS patients are encoded by HTLV-III. Science, 228, 1091-1094.
2. Bernstein, H.B., Tucker, S.P, Kar, S.R., McPherson, S.A., McPherson, D.T., Dubay, J.W., Lebowitz, J., Compans, R.W. and Hunter, E. (1995) Oligomerization of the hydrophobic heptad repeat of gp41. J. Virol , 69, 2745-2750
3. Bosch, M L , Earl, P.L., Fargnoli, K., Picciafuoco, S , Giombini, F., Wong-Stahl, F. and Franchini, G (1989) Identification of the fusion peptide of primate immunodeficiency viruses. Science, 244, 694-697.
4. Bullough, P.A , Hughson, F M , Skehel, J.J. and Wiley, D.C. (1994) The structure of influenza hemagglutinin at the pH of membrane fusion. Nature, 371, 37-43.
5. Carr, C.M. and Kim, P.S. (1993) A spring-loaded mechanism for the conformational change of influenza hemagglutinin. Cell, 73, 823-832.
6. Chambers, P., Pringle, C.R. and Easton, A.J. (1990) Heptad repeat sequences are located adjacent to hydrophobic regions in several types of virus fusion glycoproteins. J. Gen. Virol., 71, 3075-3080.
7. Chen, C.-H., Matthews, T.J., McDanal, C.B., Bolognesi, D.P. and Greenberg, M.L. (1995a) A molecular clasp in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 TM protein determines the anti-HIV activity of gp41 derivatives: implications for viral fusion. J. Virol., 69, 3771-3777.
8. 2) folds in Escherichia coli into the low-pH-induced conformation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 92, 12205-12209.
9. Dalgleish, A.G., Beverley, P.C.L., Clapham, P.R., Crawford, D.H., Greaves, M.F. and Weiss, R.A. (1984) The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor of the AIDS retrovirus. Nature, 312, 763-767.
10. Earl, P.L., Doms, R.W. and Moss, B. (1990) Oligomeric structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 648-652.
11. Earl, P.L., Broder, C.C., Long, D., Lee, S.A., Peterson, J., Chakrabarti, S., Doms, R.W. and Moss, B (1994) Native oligomeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein elicts diverse monoclonal antibody reactivities. J. Virol., 68, 3015-3026.
12. Fisher, A G., Collati, E., Ratner, L , Gallo, R.C. and Wong-Staal, F. (1985) A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity. Nature, 316, 262-265.
13. Gallaher, W.R., Ball, J.M., Garry, R.F., Griffin, M.C. and Montelaro, R.C. (1989) A general model for the transmembrane proteins of HIV and other retroviruses. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 5, 431-440.
14. Gelderblom, H.R., Hausmann, E.H.S., Ozel, M., Pauli, G. and Koch, M.A. (1987) Fine structure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immunolocalization of structural proteins. Virology. 156, 171-176.
15. Klatzman, D.E., Champagne, E., Chamaret, S , Gruest, J., Guetard, D., Hercend, T., Gluckman, J.C. and Montagnier, L. (1984) T-lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV. Nature, 312, 767-768.
16. Kowalski, M. et al. (1987). Functional regions of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Science, 237, 1351-1355.
17. Laemmli, U.K., (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227, 680-685.
18. Maddon, P.J., Dalgleish, A.G., McDougal, J.S., Clapham, P.R , Weiss, R.A. and Axel, R. (1986) The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell, 47, 333-348.
19. Moore, J.P., McKeating, J.A., Norton, W.A. and Sattentau, Q.J. (1991) Direct measurement of soluble CD4 binding to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions: gp120 dissociation and its implications for virus cell-binding and fusion reactions and their neutralization by soluble CD4. J. Virol., 65, 1133-1140.
20. O'Reilly, D.R., Miller, L.K. and Luckow, V.A. (1992) Baculovirus Expression Vectors. A Laboratoiy Manual. W.H.Freeman and Company, New York.
21. Owens, R.J. and Compans, R.W. (1990) The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein precursor acquires aberrant intermolecular disulfide bonds that may prevent normal proteolytic processing. Virology, 179, 827-833.
22. Pinter, A. and Fleissner, E (1977) The presence of disulfide-linked gp70-p15(E) complexes in AKR murine leukemia virus Virology, 83, 417-422.
23. Pinter, A., Lieman-Hurwitz, J. and Fleissner, E. (1978) The nature of the association between the murine leukemia virus envelope proteins. Virology, 91, 345-351
24. Pinter, A., Honnen, W.J., Tilley, S.A., Bona, C., Zaghouani, H., Gorny, M.K. and Zoll-Pazner, S. (1989) Oligomenc structure of gp41, the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol., 63, 2674-2679.
25. Pollard, R.S., Rosa, M.D., Rosa, J.J. and Wiley, D.C. (1992) Truncated variants of gp120 bind CD4 with high affinity and suggest a minimum CD4 binding region. EMBO J., 11, 585-591.
26. Ruigrok, R.W., Aitken, A., Calder, L.J., Martin, S.R., Skehel, J.J., Wharton, S.A., Weis, W. and Wiley, D.C. (1988) Studies on the structure of the influenza virus hemeagglutinin at the pH of membrane fusion. J. Gen. Virol., 69, 2785-2795.
27. Sattentau, Q. and Moore, J.P. (1991) Conformational changes induced in the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein by soluble CD4 binding. J. Exp. Med., 174, 407-415.
28. Schawaller, M., Smith, G.E., Skehel, J.J. and Wiley, D.C. (1989) Studies with crosslinking reagents on the oligomeric structure of the env glycoprotein of HIV. Virology, 172, 367-369.
29. Skehel, J.J., Baylay, P.M., Brown, E.B., Martin, S.R., Waterheld, M.D., White, J.M., Wilson, I A. and Wiley, D.C. (1982) Changes in the conformation of the influenza hemagglutinin at the pH optimum of virus mediated membrane fusion. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 79, 968-972.
30. Veronese, F.D., Vico, A.L.D., Copelanf, T.D., Oroszlan, S., Gallo, R.C. and Sarngadharan, M.G. (1985) Characterization of gp41 as the transmembrane protein coded by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope gene. Science, 229, 1402-1405.
31. Weiss, C.D., Levy, J.A. and White, J.M. (1990) Oligomeric organization of gp120 on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. J. Virol., 64, 5674-5677.
32. Wild, C.T., Oas, T., McDanal, C.B., Bolognesi, D. and Matthews, T. (1992) A synthetic inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication: correlation between solution structure and viral inhibition. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10537-10541.
33. Wild, C.T., Shugars, D.C., Greenwell, T.K., McDanal, C.B. and Matthews, T.J. (1994a) Peptides corresponding to a predictive α-helical domain of human immunodeficiency virus type I gp41 are potent inhibitors of virus infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 9770-9774.
34. Wild, C , Dubay, J.W., Greenwell, T., Baird, T., Oas, T.G., McDanal, C.B., Hunter, E. and Matthews, T. (1994b) Propensity for a leucine zipper-like domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 to form oligomers correlates with a role in virus-induced fusion rather than assembly of the glycoprotein complex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 12676-12680.
35. Willey, R.L., Klimkait, T., Frucht, D.M., Bonifacino, J.S. and Martin, M.A. (1991) Mutations within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 envelope glycoprotein alter its intracellular transport and processing. Virology, 184, 319-329.
36. Wrigley, N.G., Brown, E.B. and Chillingworth, R.K. (1983) Combining accurate defocus with low-dose imaging in high resolution electron microscopy of biological material. J. Microsc., 130, 225-232.
37. Xu, J.-Y., Gorny, M.K., Palker, T., Karwowska, S. and Zolla-Pazner, S. (1991) Epitope mapping of two immunodominant domains of gp41, the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type I, using ten human monoclonal antibodies. J. Virol., 65, 4832-4838.