Pantoprazole: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Use in Acid-Related Disorders

Drugs

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 460-482

  Fitton, Andrew ^a   Wiseman, Lynda ^a  

^a ADIS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HELICOBACTER PYLORI;

CLARITHROMYCIN; FAMOTIDINE; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; METRONIDAZOLE; OMEPRAZOLE; PANTOPRAZOLE; RANITIDINE; TINIDAZOLE;

DIARRHEA; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DUODENUM ULCER; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HEADACHE; HEARTBURN; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HUMAN; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PEPTIC ULCER; PRURITUS; REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS; REVIEW; STOMACH ACID SECRETION; STOMACH MUCOSA; STOMACH ULCER; ULCER HEALING; VERTIGO;

2-PYRIDINYLMETHYLSULFINYLBENZIMIDAZOLES; ANTI-ULCER AGENTS; BENZIMIDAZOLES; DUODENAL ULCER; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HUMANS; OMEPRAZOLE; STOMACH ULCER; SULFOXIDES;

EID: 0029877964     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199651030-00012     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. +ATPase. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1995; 35: 277-305
2. Scott DR, Helander HF, Hersey SJ, et al. The site of acid secretion in the mammalian parietal cell. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993; 1146: 73-80
3. +-ATPase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993 Jun 5; 1148: 223-33
4. Shin JM, Besancon M, Prinz C, et al. Continuing development of acid pump inhibitors: site of action of pantoprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8 Suppl. 1: 11-23
5. +)-ATPase inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol 1990 Jun 1; 39: 1799-806
6. +)-ATPase inhibiting 2-(2-pyridylmethyl-sulphinyl)-benzimidazoles: isolation and characterisation of the thiophilic 'active principle' and its reactions. J Chem Soc - Chem Commun 1986; 20: 125-7
7. +-ATPase by acid activated 2-(2-pyridylmethyl)-sulphinyl) benzimidazole products. Eur J Pharmacol 1987; 133: 37-45
8. +-ATPase inhibitor with an improved pH stability. Eur J Pharmacol 1992 Aug 6; 218: 265-71
9. Kohl B, Sturm E, Senn-Bilfinger J, et al. (H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate. J Med Chem 1992 Mar 20; 35: 1049-57
10. Postius S, Bräuer U, Kromer W. The novel proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole elevates intragastric pH for a prolonged period when administered under conditions of stimulated gastric acid secretion in the gastric fistula dog. Life Sci 1991; 49 (14): 1047-52
11. Pedersen PL, Carafoli E. Ion motive ATPases. I. Ubiquity, properties and significance to cell function. Trends Biologi Sci 1987; 12: 146-50
12. Mauch F, Bode G, Malfertheiner P. Identification and characterization of an ATPase system of Helicobacter pylori and the effect of proton pump inhibitors [letter]. Am J Gastroenterol 1993 Oct; 88: 1801-2
13. Reill L, Erhardt F, Heinzerling H, et al. Dose-response of pantoprazole 20, 40 and 80 mg on 24-hour intragastric pH, serum pantoprazole and serum gastrin in man [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1994; 106 Suppl.: A165
14. Hannan A, Weil J, Broom C, et al. Effects of oral pantoprazole on 24-hour intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin profiles. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1992 Jun; 6: 373-80
15. Koop H, Kuly S, Flüg M, et al. Interactions of intragastric pH and serum gastrin during administration of different doses of the new proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole [abstract]. Dig Dis Sci 1994 Aug; 39: 1780
16. Brunner G, Luna P, Hartmann M, et al. Pantoprazole I. V. - acid inhibitory treatment for upper GI-bleeding. Gastroenterology. In press
17. Fried R, Beglinger C, Rose K, et al. Effects of continuous and pH feedback-controlled intravenous pantoprazole on gastric pH in human volunteers [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1995 Apr; 108 Suppl.: A95
18. Dammann HG, Bethke T, Burkhardt F, et al. Effects of pantoprazole on endocrine function in healthy male volunteers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994 Oct; 8: 549-54
19. Koop H, Kuly S, Flüg M, et al. Comparison of 24-h intragastric pH and 24-h gastrin profiles during therapy with the proton pump inhibitors pantoprazole and omeprazole [abstract]. Gut 1994; 35 Suppl. 4: 79
20. Reill L, Erhardt F, Fischer R, et al. Effect of oral pantoprazole on 24-hour intragastric pH, serum gastrin profile and drug metabolising enzyme activity in man - a placebo-controlled comparison with ranitidine [abstract]. Gut 1993; 34 (4) Suppl.: 63
21. Scholtz HE, Meyer BH, Luus HG. Comparison of the effects of lansoprazole, omeprazole and pantoprazole on 24-hour gastric pH in healthy males [abstract]. S Afr Med J 1995; 8: 915
22. Hartmann M, Theiss U, Huber R, et al. 24-hour intragastric pH profiles and pharmacokinetics following single and repeated oral administration of the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole in comparison to omeprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. In press
23. Müssig S, Witzel L. Steady-state intragastric pH profile after 40mg pantoprazole:comparison of morning and evening administration [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: A154
24. Savarino V. Farmacologia clinica dei farmaci antisecretori [abstract]. Congresso Nazionale di Gastroenterologia; 1995 Dec 12; Padova, Italy.
25. Simon B, Müller P, Marinis E, et al. Effect of repeated oral administration of BY 1023/SK&F 96022 - a new substituted benzimidazole derivative - on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and pharmacokinetics in man. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1990 Aug; 4: 373-9
26. +-ATPase-inhibitor pantoprazole (BY 1023/SK&F96022) in healthy volunteers. Z Gastroenlerol 1990 Sep; 28: 443-7
27. +-ATPase inhibitor BY 1023/SK&F 96022 inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and pharmacokinetics in man. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1990 Jun; 4: 239-45
28. Koop H, Kuly S, Flüg M, et al. 24-h Intragastric pH and 24-h gastrin profiles during therapy with different doses of the new proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole [abstract]. Gut 1994; 35 Suppl. 4: 57
29. Hotz J, Plein K, Schönekäs H. Pantoprazole is superior to ranitidine in the treatment of acute gastric ulcer. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995 Feb; 30: 111-5
30. Schepp W, Classen M. Pantoprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. A multicentre study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995; 30: 511-4
31. Cremer M, Lambert R, Lamers CBH, et al. A double-blind study of pantoprazole and ranitidine in treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. A multicenter trial. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 1360-4
32. Witzel L, Gütz H, Hüttemann W, et al. Pantoprazole versus omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastric ulcers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995 Feb; 9: 19-24
33. Beker JA, Bianchi Porro G, Bigard M-A, et al. Double-blind comparison of pantoprazole and omeprazole for the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 7: 407-10
34. McColl KEL, El Nujumi AM, Dorrian CA, et al. Helicobacter pylori and hypergastrinaemia during proton pump inhibitor therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992 Feb; 27: 93-8
35. Ten Kate RW, Tuynman HA, Festen HPM, et al. Effect of high dose omeprazole on gastric pepsin secretion and serum pepsinogen levels in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 32: 173-6
36. Festen HPM, Thys JC, Lamers CB, et al. Effects of oral omeprazole on serum gastrin and serum pepsinogen I levels. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 1030-4
37. Larsson H, Carlsson E, Hakanson R, et al. Time-course of development and reversal of gastric endocrine cell hyperplasia after inhibition of acid secretion. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 1477-86
38. Havu N. Enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids of gastric mucosa in rats after life-long inhibition of gastric secretion. Digestion 1986; 35 Suppl. 1: 42-55
39. Tuch K, Ockert D, Reznik G. Pantoprazole does not induce gastric carcinoids in a 24 month carcinogenicity study in mice [abstract]. Pharmacol Toxicol 1993; 73 Suppl. 2: 75
40. Brunner G, Harke U. Long-term therapy with pantoprazole in patients with peptic ulceration resistant to extended high-dose ranitidine treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8 Suppl. 1: 59-64
41. Brunner G, Fischer R, Harke U. Results of long term therapy with pantoprazole in patients with chronic peptic disease [abstract]. Symposium on the precise and effective treatment of acid related diseases - clinical focus on pantoprazole. 1995 May 16; San Diego.
42. 2 receptor antagonist in the rat. Pharmacology 1990 Dec; 41: 333-7
43. Graham DY. Helicobacter: its epidemiology and its role in duodenal ulcer disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991; 6: 105-13
44. Rauws EAJ, van der Hulst RWM. Current guidelines for the eradication of Helitobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. Drugs 1995; 50: 984-90
45. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer Diseuse. Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. JAMA 1994; 272: 65-9
46. Suerbaum S, Leying H, Klemm K, et al. Antibacterial activity of pantoprazole and omeprazole against Belicobacter pylori. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991 Feb; 10: 92-3
47. Bardhan KD, Logan RPH, Celestin LR, et al. Clarithromycin (CL) and omeprazole (OM) in the prevention of duodenal ulcer (DU) recurrence and eradication of H. pylori Hp [abstract]. Gut 1995; 37 Suppl. 1: 338
48. O'Morain C, Logan RPH, Clarithromycin European H. Pylori Study Group. Clarithromycin (CL) in combination with omeprazole for healing of duodenal ulcers (DU), prevention of DU recurrence and eradication of H. pylori (HP) in two European studies [abstract]. Gut 1995; 37 Suppl. 1: 16
49. Furuta T, Futami H, Arai H, et al. Effects of lansoprazole with or without amoxicilin on ulcer healing: relation to eradication of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995; 20 Suppl. 2: S107-11
50. Parente F, Maconi G, Bargiggia S, et al. Efficacy of amoxycillin compared with classical triple therapy in the eradication of H. pylori after pre-treatment with lansoprazole [abstract]. Gut 1995; 37 Suppl. 1: 162
51. Kenyon CJ, Fraser R, Birnie GG, et al. Dose related in vitro effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on basal and ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis. Gut 1986; 27: 1143-5
52. Pont A, Williams PL, Loose DS, et al. Ketoconazole blocks adrenal steroid synthesis. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97: 370-2
53. Dowie LJ, Smith JH, MacGilchrist AJ, et al. In vivo and in vitro studies on the site of inhibitory action of omeprazole on adrenocortical steroidogenesis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 35: 625-9
54. Bliesath H, Hartmann M, Huber R, et al. Lack of influence of pantoprazole on cardiovascular function in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Clin Drug Invest 1995 Feb; 9: 72-8
55. Herberg K-W, Bliesath H, Neukirchen B, et al. The proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole does not impair safety related performance [abstract]. Gut 1994; 35 Suppl. 4: 73
56. Huber R, Muller W, Banks MC, et al. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (BY 1023/SK&F 96,022) and its sulphone metabolite in serum or plasma by direct injection and fully automated pre-column sample clean-up. J Chromalogr 1990 Aug 3; 529: 389-401
57. Doyle E, McDowall RD, Murkitt GS, et al. Two systems for the automated analysis of drugs in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1990 Apr 27; 527: 67-77
58. Bliesath H, Huber R, Hartmann M, et al. Dose linearity of the pharmacokinetics of the new H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor pantoprazole after single intravenous administration. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994 Jan; 32: 44-50
59. Breuel HP, Hartmann M, Bondy S, et al. Pantoprazole in the elderly: no dose-adjustment [abstract]. Gut 1994; 35 Suppl. 4: 77
60. Pue MA, Laroche J, Meineke I, et al. Pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole following single intravenous and oral administration to healthy male subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 44 (6): 575-8
61. Huber R, Kohl B, Sachs G, et al. The continuing development of proton pump inhibitors, with particular reference to pantoprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9: 363-78
62. Tucker GT. The interaction of proton pump inhibitors with cytochromes P450. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8 Suppl. 1: 33-8
63. 14C-labelled pantoprazole to young healthy male volunteers [abstract]. Pharm World Sci 1993 Dec 17; 15 Suppl. L: L7
64. Lins RL, de Clercq I, Hartmann M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole in patients with severe renal impairment [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 126
65. Benet LZ, Zech K. Pharmacokinetics - a relevant factor for the choice of a drug? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8 Suppl. 1: 25-32
66. Kliem V, Hartmann M, Huber R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole in hemodialysis patients [abstract]. Kidney Int 1995 Mar; 47: 984
67. Brunner G, Chang J, Hartmann M, et al. Pharmakokinetik von Pantoprazol bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose. Med Klin 1994; 89 Suppl. 1: 189
68. Dickins M, Bridges JW. The relationship between the binding of 2-n-alkylbenzimidazoles to rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the inhibition of monooxygenation. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31: 1315-20
69. +-ATPase inhibitor pantoprazole (BY 1023/SK-&- F96022) interacts less with cytochrome-P450 than omeprazole and lansoprazole. Biochem Pharmacol 1991 Jul 5; 42: 347-55
70. +-ATPase inhibitor pantoprazole (BY 1023/SK&F 96022) compared to other antiulcer drugs. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1991 Jan-Feb; 13: 63-7
71. Kromer W, Postius S, Riedel R, et al. BY 1023/SK&F96022 INN pantoprazole, a novel gastric proton pump inhibitor, potently inhibits acid secretion but lacks relevant cytochrome P450 interactions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990 Jul; 254: 129-35
72. Heinemeyer G, Roots I, Lestau L, et al. d-Glutaric acid excretion in critical care patients - comparison with 6β-hydroxycortisol excretion and serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and relation to multiple drug therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 21: 9-18
73. Hartmann M, Bliesath H, Zech K, et al. Lack of induction of CYP1A2 activity in man by pantoprazole [abstract]. Gut 1995; 37 Suppl. 2: 363
74. Andersson T. Omeprazole drug interaction studies. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991; 21: 195-212
75. Greene W. Drug interactions involving cimetidine - mechanisms, documentation, implications. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 1984; 5: 25-51
76. Steinijans VW, Huber R, Hartmann M, et al. Lack of pantoprazole drug interactions in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994 Aug; 32: 385-99
77. De Mey C, Meineke I, Steinijans VW, et al. Pantoprazole lacks interaction with antipyrine in man, either by inhibition or induction. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1994; 32: 98-106
78. Gugler R, Hartmann M, Rudi J, et al. Lack of interaction of pantoprazole and diazepam in man [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1992 Apr; 102: A77
79. Hartmann M, Huber R, Bliesath H, et al. Lack of interaction between pantoprazole and digoxin at therapeutic doses in man. In: Management of acid-related diseases: Focus on pantoprazole. Congress Abstracts. Charité, Berlin, 1993; 34-35
80. Hartmann M, Huber R, Bliesath H, et al. Lack of interaction between pantoprazole and digoxin at therapeutic doses in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 33: 481-5
81. Schulz H-U, Hartmann M, Steinijans VW, et al. Lack of influence of pantoprazole on the disposition kinetics of theophylline in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991 Sep; 29: 369-75
82. Huber R, Bliesath H, Hartmann M, et al. Pantoprazole does not interact with the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine. Gastroenterology. In press
83. Bliesath H, Huber R, Hartmann M, et al. Pantoprazole lacks interaction with diclofenac in man [abstract]. Gut 1995; 37 Suppl. 2: 368
84. Ehrlich A, Fuder H, Hartmann M, et al. Pantoprazole lacks pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction with phenprocoumon in man [abstract]. Gut 1995; 37 Suppl. 2: 1133
85. Middle MV, Müller FO, Schall R, et al. No influence of pantoprazole on the pharmacokinetcs of phenytoin. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995 May; 33: 304-7
86. Duursema L, Müller FO, Schall R, et al. Lack of effect of pantoprazole on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 39: 700-3
87. Bliesath H, Huber R, Hartmann M, et al. Pantoprazole does not influence the steady state pharmacokinetics of nifedipine [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1994 Apr; 106 Suppl.: 55
88. Koch HJ, Hartmann M, Bliesath H, et al. Pantoprazole does not influence metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in man. Gastroenterology. In press
89. Teyssen S, Singer MV, Heinze H, et al. Pantoprazole does not influence the pharmacokinetics of ethanol in healthy volunteers. Gastroenterology. In press
90. Middle MV, Müller FO, Schall R, et al. Effect of pantoprazole on ovulation suppression by a low-dose hormonal contraceptive. Clin Drug Invest 1995 Jan; 9: 54-6
91. +-ATPase inhibitor pantoprazole [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1994 Apr; 106 Suppl.: A91
92. Baccaro JC, Besasso H, Dávolos JR, et al. Pantoprazole is superior to ranitidine in the treatment of florid duodenal ulcer. Preliminary results of a pantoprazole multicenter study in Argentina. Gastroenterology. In press
93. Castro LP, Lyra LGC, Malafaia O, et al. Pantoprazole achieves better healing than ranitidine in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. Pantoprazole multicenter study in Brazil. Gastroenterology. In press
94. Dibildox M, Tomás-Pons J, Rose K, et al. Clinical superiority of pantoprazole over ranitidine in the treatment of patients with florid duodenal ulcers. Mexican multicentre study [abstract]. Gut 1995; 37 Suppl. 2: 186
95. Judmaier G, Koelz HR, Pantoprazole-Duodenal Ulcer-SG. Comparison of pantoprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994 Feb; 8: 81-6
96. van Rensburg CJ, van Eeden PJ, Marks IN, et al. Improved duodenal ulcer healing with pantoprazole compared with ranitidine: a multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 6: 739-43
97. Rehner M, Rohner HG, Schepp W. Comparison of pantoprazole versus omeprazole in the treatment of acute duodenal ulceration - a multicentre study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9: 411-6
98. Koop H, Schepp W, Dammann HG, et al. Comparative trial of pantoprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis: results of a German multicenter study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995 Apr; 20: 192-5
99. Belaiche J, Colin R, Corinaldesi R, et al. Efficacy of pantoprazole compared to omeprazole in reflux esophagitis - European Multicenter Study. 10th World Congress of Gastroenterology 1994 Abstracts II, abstr. 2556P, 1994.
100. Hotz J, Gangl A, Heinzerling H. Pantoprazole vs. omeprazole in acute reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology. In press
101. Mössner J, Hölscher AH, Herz R, et al. A double-blind study of pantoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a multicentre trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9: 321-6
102. Müller P, Simon B, Khalil H, et al. Dose-range finding study with the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole in acute duodenal ulcer patients. Z Gastroenterol 1992 Nov; 30: 771-5
103. Rohner HG, Dietrich K, Rosprich G, et al. One year follow-up in duodenal ulcer patients with pantoprazole or ranitidine. 10th World Congress of Gastroenterology 1994; Abstracts II: abstr. 35P
104. Hahn EG, Dammann HG, Adler G, et al. Pantoprazole provides faster healing and pain relief than famotidine in acute duodenal ulcer disease. Gastroenterology. In press
105. Bardhan KD, Cherian P, Polak JM, et al. Pantoprazole (PANTO) in aggressive or refractory acid-peptic disease. Gastroenterology. In press
106. von Kleist D-H, Bosseckert H, Scholten T, et al. Pantoprazole versus ranitidine in acid-related disease: results of the German pantoprazole phase IV program. Gastroenterology. In press
107. Dammann HG, Hahn EG, Adler G, et al. Pantoprazole is more effective than famotidine in acute gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. In press
108. Rauws EA, Tytgat GN. Cure of duodenal ulcer associated with eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Lancet 1990; 1: 1233-5
109. Markham A, McTavish D. Clarithromycin and omeprazole as Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in patients with H. pylori-associated gastric disorders. Drugs 1996; 51: 161-78
110. Bazzoli F, Zagari RM, Fossi S, et al. Short-term low-dose triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 6: 773-7
111. Goddard A, Logan R. One-week low-dose triple therapy: new standards for Helicobacter pylori treatment. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 7: 1-3
112. Adamek RJ, Bethke T. International Pantoprazole Hp-Study Group. Pantoprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole vs pantoprazole and clarithromycin for cure of H. pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients. Gastroenterology. In press
113. Adamek RJ, Szymanski C, Pfaffenbach B, et al. Short-term triple treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection with pantoprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole [in German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1995 Mar 17; 120: 358-60
114. Labenz J, Peitz U, Tillenburg B, et al. Short-term triple therapy with pantoprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Leber Magen Darm 1995; 25: 122-7
115. Bardhan KD. Short term triple therapy for cure of H. pylori infection (abstract). Satellite symposium on therapy of acid-related diseases - expectations in the era of PPIs. 1995 Sep 16; Berlin
116. Brunner G, Schneider A, Harke U. Long-term therapy with pantoprazole in patients with H2-blocker refractory acid-peptic disease [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1994 Apr; 106 Suppl.: 57
117. Brunner G, Harke U, Schneider A, et al. Long-term management of H2-blocker refractory acid-peptic disease with pantoprazole. Gastroenterology. In press
118. Pantoprazole: product monograph. Byk Gulden, Konstanz, Germany. (Data on file)
119. 2-antagonists: results of the German pantoprazole phase IV program. Gastroenterology. In press
120. Brunner G, Thiesemann C, Ratz H. High plasma concentrations of proton pump inhibitors cause peripheral oedema in female patients. Gastroenterology 1993 Apr; 104 Suppl.: A48
121. Berstad A, Hatlebakk JG. Lansoprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a survey of clinical studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1993; 7 Suppl. 1: 34-6
122. Wilde MI, McTavish D, Omeprazole. An update of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in acid-related disorders. Drugs 1994; 48: 91-132
123. Jones DB, Howden CW, Burget DW, et al. Acid suppression in duodenal ulcer: a meta-analysis to define optimal dosing with antisecretory drugs. Gut 1987; 28: 1120-7
124. Bardhan KD. Is there any acid peptic disease that is refractory to proton pump inhibitors? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1993; 7 Suppl. 1: 13-24
125. 2-receptor antagonists in peptic ulcer disease: efficacy in healing peptic ulcers. Drugs 1992; 44: 709-19
126. Forbes GM, Glaser ME, Cullen DJ, et al. Duodenal ulcer treated with Helicobacter pylori eradication. Seven year follow-up. Lancet 1994; 1: 258-60
127. Marshall BJ, Goodwill CS, Warren JR. Prospective double-blind trial of duodenal ulcer relapse after eradication of Campylobacter pylori. Lancet 1989; 2: 1437-41
128. Savarino V, Vigneri S. How should we decide on the best regimen for eradicating Helicobacter pylori? BMJ 1995; 311: 581-2
129. Andersson T, Andrén K, Cederberg C, et al. Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on plasma diazepam levels. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 39: 51-4
130. Naidu MUR, Shobha JC, Dixit VK, et al. Effect of multiple dose omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine. Drug Invest 1994; 7: 8-12
131. Gugler R, Jensen JC. Omeprazole inhibits oxidative drug metabolism - studies with diazepam and phenytoin in vivo and 7-ethoxycoumarin in vitro. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 1235-41
132. Sutfin T, Balmer K, Boström H, et al. Stereoselective interaction of omeprazole with warfarin in healthy men. Ther Drug Monit 1989; 11: 176-84