Surgery for esotropia with a high accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio: Effects on accommodative vergence and binocularity

Ophthalmic Surgery and Lasers

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 342-348

  Arnoldi, Kyle A ^a   Tychsen, Lawrence ^a,b  

^a ST LOUIS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCOMMODATION; ARTICLE; BINOCULAR CONVERGENCE; BINOCULAR VISION; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVERGENT STRABISMUS; HUMAN; INFANT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEREOSCOPIC VISION; STRABISMUS SURGERY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONVERGENCE, OCULAR; ESOTROPIA; EYEGLASSES; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INFANT; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REFRACTION, OCULAR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 0029871167     PISSN: 10823069     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Duke-Elder S. Ocular motility and strabismus. In: System of Ophthalmology, vol. 6. St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby; 1973:218.
2. Burian HM. Accommodative esotropia classification and treatment: accommodative factors in the medical and surgical management of strabismus. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1971;11:23-26.
3. von Noorden GK, Morris J, Edelman P. Efficacy of bifocals in the treatment of accommodative esotropia. Am J Ophthamol. 1978;85:830-834.
4. Tychsen L. Binocular vision. In: Hart WM, ed. Adler's Physiology of the Eye: Clinical Applications. St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby; 1992:773-853.
5. 4a. Carlson DW, Tychsen L. Touching the cornea enhances pharmacologic dilation of the pupil, mainly in the dark iris. Avait Space Environ Med. 1989;60:994-995.
6. von Noorden GK. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus, 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby; 1990.
7. Kutschke PJ, Scott WE, Stewart SA. Prism adaptation for esotropia with a distance-near disparity. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1992;29:12-15.
8. Sears M, Guber D. The change in the stimulus AC/A ratio after surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;64:872-876.
9. Rosenbaum AI, Jampolsky A, Scott AB. Bimedial recession in high AC/A esotropia: a long term follow-up. Arch Ophthalmol. 1974;91:251-253.
10. Kushner BJ, Preslan MW, Morton GV. Treatment of partly accommodative esotropia with a high accommodative convergence-accommodation ratio. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:815-818.
11. O'Hara MA, Calhoun JH. Surgical correction of excess esotropia at near. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1990;27:120-123.
12. Nemet P, Stolovich C, Loewenstein A. A new operation: slanted (reinsertion) medial rectus muscle recession surgery for convergence excess esotropia: results in 12 cases. Binocular Vis Eye Muscle Surg Q. 1993;8:241-246.
13. Prieto-Diaz J. Surgical results in moderate acquired concomitant esotropia: a study of 484 cases. Binocular Vis Eye Muscle Surg Q. 1993;8:265-274.
14. West C, Repka MX. A comparison of surgical techniques for the treatment of acquired esotropia with increased accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1994; 31: 232-237.
15. Bateman JB, Parks MM. Clinical and computer-assisted analyses of preoperative and postoperative accommodative convergence and accommodation relationships. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:1024-1030.
16. Edelman PM, Lingua RW, Azen SP. A comparison of the effect of symmetrical vs asymmetrical esotropia surgery on the AC/A ratio and on the distance-near disparity. Am Orthop J. 1986;36:58-64.
17. von Noorden GK, Jenkins R. Effect of bifocals on accommodative range in children. AAPOS. 1994;55.
18. Parks MM. Ocular Motility and Strabismus. Hagerstown, MD: Harper & Row; 1975:104-105.
19. Albert DG, Lederman ME. Abnormal distance-near esotropia. Doc Ophthalmol. 1973;34:27-36.
20. Pratt-Johnson JA, Tillson G. The management of esotropia with high AC/A ratio (convergence excess). J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1985;22:238-242.
21. Shippman S, Weseley AC, Cohen KR. Accommodative esotropia in adults. J Pediatr Ophthamol Strabismus. 1993;30:368-371.
22. Raab EL, Spierer A. Persisting accommodative esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104:1777-1779.
23. Ludwig IH, Parks MM, Getson PR. Long-term results of bifocal therapy for accommodative esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1989;26:264-270.
24. Parks MM. Abnormal accommodative convergence in squint. Arch Ophthalmol. 1958;59:364-380.
25. Raab EL. Etiologic factors in accommodative esodeviation. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1982;80:657-694.
26. Dickey CF, Scott WE. The deterioration of accommodative esotropia: frequency, characteristics, and predictive factors. J Pediair Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1988;25:172-175.
27. Ludwig IH, Parks MM, Getson PR, Kammerman LA. Rate of deterioration in accommodative esotropia correlated to the AC/A relationship. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1988;25:8-12.
28. Pratt-Johnson JA, Tillson G. Sensory outcome with nonsurgical management of esotropia with convergence excess (a high accommodative convergence/ accommodation ratio). Can J Ophthalmol. 1984;19: 220-223.
29. Parks M, Wheeler M. Concomitant esodeviations. In: Duane T, Jaeger E, eds. Clinical Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row; 1987.