Emerging viral infections with special reference to India

Indian Journal of Medical Research

Volumn 103, Issue APR., 1996, Pages 177-200

  Banerjee, Kalyan ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF VIROLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis; AIDS; Bhanja virus; Buffalopox; Chandipura virus; Congo crimean haemorrhagic fever; Dengue fever; Ganjam virus; Haemorragic fever with renal syndrome; Influenza; Japanese encephalitis; Kyasanur forest disease; Pox viruses; Rift valley fever; West Nile virus; Yellow fever

Indexed keywords

BUNYAVIRUS; CRUSH SYNDROME; DATA BASE; DENGUE; DENGUE VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENE MUTATION; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HEMORRHAGIC FEVER; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2; INDIA; INFLUENZA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL RESEARCH; POXVIRUS; REVIEW; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; URBANIZATION; VACCINATION; VIRAL GENETICS; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VIRUS VIRULENCE; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS; YELLOW FEVER;

HUMANS; INDIA; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 0029869329     PISSN: 09715916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Pavlovsky EN. The formation of natural foci of diseases in towns and their return from anthropurgic environment to nature. Introductory paper, pp.23-37, in B. Rosicky and K. Heyberger, Editors, Theoretical Questions of Natural Foci of Diseases, Proceedings of a Symposium in 1963. Prague, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. 1965.
2. Banerjee K. Emerging arboviruses of zoonotic and human importance in India. In : Misra A, Polasa H. editors. Virus ecology. New Delhi : South Asian Publishers, 1984; 109-21.
3. Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease threats. A prevent ion strategy for the United States. U.S. Dept. Health & Human Services 1994. Centre for Disease Control. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
4. Miller JA. Diseases for our future : Global ecology and emerging issues. Bioscience 1989; 39 : 509-17.
5. Shope R. Global climatic change and infectious diseases. Envir Health Perspect 1992; 96 : 171-4.
6. Tegert WJ, Sceldon GW, Griffiths DW. Climate change : The IPPC impact assessment. Aus Govt Pub Service. Canberra, Australia 1990.
7. Hayes RL, Taseer Hussain S. Public health and forced climate change. Extreme temperature exposure and infectious disease. World Resource Review 1995; 7 : 63-76.
8. Wong DC, Purcell RH, Sreenivasan MA, Prasad SR, Pavri KM. Epidemic and endemic hepatitis in India : Evidence for a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus aetiology. Lancet 1980; ii : 876-9.
9. Arankalle VA, Chadha MS, Tsarev SA, Emerson SU, Risbud AR, Banerjee K. et al. Seroepidemiology of water-borne hepatitis in India and evidence for a third enterically transmitted hepatitis agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91 : 3428-32.
10. Chadha MS, Mehendale SM, Arankalle VA, Athalye K, Banerjee K. Water supply schemes and enterically transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis epidemics : An experience in Khadakwasla village of Pune district. Indian J Commun Med 1991; 16 : 151-6.
11. Risbud AR, Chadha MS, Kushwah SS, Arankalle VA, Rodrigues FM, Banerjee K. Non-A non-B hepatitis epidemic in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. J Assoc Physicians India 1992; 40 : 262-4.
12. Gajdusek DC. Unconventional viruses and the origin and disappearance of Kuru. Science 1977; 197 : 943-60.
13. Domingo E. RNA virus evolution and the control of viral disease. Prog Drug Res 1989; 33 : 93-133.
14. Eigen M, Beibriclier CK. Sequence space and quasispecies distribution. In : Domingo E, Holland JJ, Ahlquist P, editors. RNA genetics, vol.3, Boca Raton, USA : CRC Press, 1988; 211-45.
15. Eigen M, Biebricher CK. Variability of RNA genomes, Domingo E, Holland J.J. Ahlquist P. editors. In : RNA genetics, vol. 3. Boca Raton, USA : CRC Press. 1988.
16. Gore MM, Gupta AK, Ayachit VM, Athawale SS, Ghosh SN, Banerjee K. Selection of a neutralisation-escape variant strain of Japanese encephalitis virus using monoclonal antibody. Indian J Med Res 1990; 91 : 231-3.
17. Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56 : 152-79.
18. Kelkar SD, Kadam SS, Banerjee K, Haemagglutination inhibition antibodies against influenza virus in bats. Indian J Med Res 1981; 74 : 147-52.
19. Strode GK. editor. Yellow fever. First Edition. New York Inc : McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1951; 1-710.
20. Bosheit Maurique J. Outline history of Yellow fever epidemic in middle America 1948-57. Proc 6th Int Cong Trop Med & Malaria 1959; 5 : 62-87.
21. Monath TP, Craven RB, Adjukiewicz A, Germain M, Francy DB, Ferrara L. et al. Yellow fever in the Gambia 1978-1979 : Epidemiologic aspects with the observations on the occurrence of orango virus infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29 : 912-28.
22. Banerjee K, Mourya DT, Malunjkar AS. Susceptibility and transmissibility of different geographical strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to chikungunya virus. Indian J Med Res 1988; 87 : 134-8.
23. Hardy JL. Susceptibility and resistance to vector mosquitoes chapter 4, vol. 1 In Monath TP. editor, The arboviruses : epidemiology and ecology Boca Raton, USA : C.R.C. Press. 1988; 87-126
24. Sarkar JK, Pavri KM, Chatterjee SN, Chakravarty SK, Anderson CR. Virological and serological studies of cases of haemorrhagic fever in Calcutta. Material collected by the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine. Indian J Med Res 1964; 52 : 684-91.
25. Bhattacharjee N, Mukherjee KK, Chakravarti SK, Mukherjee MK, De PN, Sengupta M. et al. Dengue haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Calcutta - 1990. J Commun Dis 1993; 25 : 10-14.
26. Banerjee K, Desai PK. Survey of arbovirus antibodies in south India. Indian J Med Res 1973; 61 : 344-51.
27. Mehendale SM, Risbud AR, Rao JA, Banerjee K. Outbreak of dengue fever in rural areas of Parbhani district of Maharashtra (India). Indian J Med Res 1991; 93 : 6-11.
28. Ilkal MA, Dhanda V, Hassan MM, Mavale M, Mahadev PVM, Shetty PS et al. Entomological investigations during outbreaks of dengue fever in certain villages in Maharashtra state. Indian J Med Res 1991; 93 : 174-8.
29. Risbud AR, Mehendle SM, Joshi GD, Banerjee K. Recurrent outbreaks of dengue fever in rural areas of Maharashtra. Indian J Virol 1991; 7 : 120-7.
30. Mahadev PVM, Kollali W, Rawal ML, Pujara PK, Shaikh BH, Ilkal MA, et al. Dengue in Gujarat state, India, during 1988 & 1989. Indian J Med Res 1993; 97 : 135-44.
31. Gubler DJ, Dengue haemorrhagic fever : A global update. Virus Inform. Exchange. Newslett, 1991; 8 : 2-3.
32. Craven RB, Franey DB, Eliason DA. et al. Importation of Aedes albopictus (skuse) and other exotic mosquito species into the United States from used tires from Asia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1988; 4 : 138-42.
33. Banerjee K. Kyasanur Forest diseases. In Monath TP, editor. Arthropod borne viruses, vol. III Boca Raton, U.S.A CRC Press; 1988; 93-116.
34. Banerjee K, Bhat HR. Correlation between the number of persons suffering from Kyasanur forest disease and the intensity of infection in the tick population. Indian J Med Res 1977; 66 : 175-9.
35. Lee HW, Lee PW, Back LT, Chu YK. Geographical distribution of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Hanta viruses. Arch Virol 1990 Suppl 1 : 5-18.
36. Yanagihara R, Daum CA, Lee PW, Baek LJ, Amyx HL, Gajdusek DC et al. Serological survey of Prospect Hill virus infection in indigenous wild rodents in the USA. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1987; 81 : 42-5.
37. Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Feldman H et al. Genetic identification of a Hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science 1993; 262 : 914-7.
38. Lee HW, French GR, Lee PW, Baek LJ, Tsuchiya K, Foulke RS. Observations on natural and laboratory infection of rodents with the aetiologic agent of Korean Haemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1981; 30 : 477-82.
39. LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Johnson KM. Hantaan-like viruses from domestic rats captured in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1984; 33 : 992-8.
40. Brummer-Korvenkontio M, Vaheri A, Hovi T, von Bonsdorff, CH, Vuorimies J, Manni T. et al Nephropathia epidemica : detection of antigen in bank voles and serologic diagnosis of human infection. J Infect Dis 1980; 141 : 131-4.
41. Lee PW, Amyx HL, Yanagihara R, Gajdusek DC, Goldgaber D, Gibbs Jr CJ. Partial characterization of Prospect Hill virus isolated from meadow voles in the United States. J Infect Dis 1985; 152 : 826-9.
42. LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Childs JE, Pinheiro FP, Maiztegui JI, Niklasson B. et al. Global survey of antibody to Hantaan-related viruses among peridomestic rodents. Bull WHO 1986; 64 : 139-44.
43. Lee HW. Global update of distribution of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Hanta viruses (editorial). Virus Inform. Exchange Newslett 1988; 5 : 82-4.
44. Monath TP. Lassa fever : review of epidemiology and epizooliology. Bull WHO 1975; 52 : 577-92.
45. Monath TP, Casals J. Diagnosis of Lassa fever and the isolation and management of patients. Bull WHO 1975; 52 : 707-15.
46. Maiztegui JI. Clinical and epidemiological patterns of Argentine haemorrhagic fever. Bull WHO 1975; 52 : 567-75.
47. Child PL, Mackenzie RB, Valverde LR, Johnson KM. Bolivian haemorrhagic fever. Virchows Arch 1967; 368 :1-9.
48. Mackenzie RB, Beye HK, Valverdech L, Garron H. Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Bolivia I A preliminary report of the epidemiologic and clinical findings in a new epidemic area in south America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1964; 13 : 620-35.
49. Kissling RE, Robinson RQ, Murphy FA, Whitfield SG. Agent of disease contracted from green monkeys. Science 1968; 160 : 888-90.
50. Kissling RE, Murphy FA, Henderson BE, Murburg virus. Ann NY Acad Sci 1970; 174 : 932-45.
51. Gear JSS, Cassel GA, Gear AJ, Trappler BC, Lausen L, Meyers AM. Outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Johannesburg. Br Med J 1975; 4 : 489-93.
52. Smith DH, Johnson BK, Isaacson M, Swanapoel R, Johnson KM, Killey M. et al. Marburg-virus disease in Kenya. Lancet 1982; i : 816-20.
53. Bowen ETW, Platt GS, Lloyd G, Baskerville A, Harris WJ, Vella EE. Viral haemorrhagic fever in southern Sudan and northern Zaire : Preliminary studies on the actiological agent. Lancet 1977; i : 571-3.
54. Johnson KM, Webb PA, Lange JV, Murphy FA. Isolation and partial characterisation of a new virus causing acute haemorrhagic fever in Zaire. Lancet 1977; i : 569-71.
55. Centres for Disease Control, Update : MMWR 1990; 39 : 22-4 & 29-30.
56. Centres for Disease Control, Update : MMWR 1990; 39 : 266-67 & 273.
57. WHO Weekly epidemiological record 1995; 70 : 241-2.
58. WHO Weekly epidemiological record 1995; 70 : 249-52.
59. Daubney R, Hudson JR. Enzootic hepatitis or Rift valley fever : an undescribed virus disease of sheep, cattle and man from East Africa. J Pathol Bacteriol 1931; 34 : 545-79.
60. Meegan JM. The Rift valley fever epizootic in Egypt in 1977-78. Description of the epizootic and virological studies. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1979; 73 : 618-23.
61. Meegan JM, Khalil GM, Hoogstraal H, Adham FK. Experimental transmission and field isolation studies implicating Culex pipiens as a vector of Rift valley fever virus in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29 : 1405-10.
62. WHO Weekly epidemiological record 1994; 69 : 74-75.
63. Turell MJ, Gargan II TP, Bailey CL. Replication and dissemination of Rift Valley fever virus in Culex pipiens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1984; 33 : 176-81.
64. Goverdhan MK, Dhauda V, Modi GB, Bhatt PN, Bhagwat RB, Pandawate, CN. et al. Isolation of Phlebptomus (sandfly) fever virus from sandflies and humans during the same season in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra state, India. Indian J Med Res 1976; 64 : 57-63.
65. Joshi MV, Umrani UB, Pinto BD, Joshi GD, Paranjape SP, Banerjee K. Prevalence of antibodies to Rift valley fever (or a closely related virus) in sheep and goats from Rajasthan, India : A preliminary report. Indian J Virol 1995; 11 : 59-60.
66. Ghalsasi GR, Rodrigues FM, Dandawate CN, Gupta NP, Khasnis CG, Pinto BD et al. Investigation of febrile illness in exotic and cross-bred sheep from sheep farm, Palamner in Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Med Res 1981; 74 : 325-31.
67. Chumakov MP. New virus disease - Crimean haemorrhagic fever :Viral diseases. Novosti Meditscini 1947; No.4 :9-11
68. Simpson DIH, Knight EM, Courtois G, Williams MC, Weinbren MP, Kibukamusoke JW, Congo virus : A hitherto undescribed virus occurring in Africa. Part I. Human isolations-clinical notes. East Afr Med J 1967; 44 : 87-92.
69. Chumakov MP. About the results of the investigations of the aetiology and epidemiology of the Crimean Haemorrhagic fever. Proc. IX Internal Cong Trop Med and Malaria (Athens) 1973; 1 : 33.
70. WHO weekly epidemiological record 1976, 51 : 261-2.
71. Causey OR, Kemp GE, Causey CE, Lee VH. Isolations of Simbu-group of viruses in Ibadan, Nigeria 1964-69. including the new types Sango, Sbamonda, Sabo and Shuni. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1972; 66 : 357-62.
72. Kirya BG. Significance of Congo virus infection in Africa. IX Internat. Cong Trop Med and Malaria (Athens) 1973; 1 : 34.
73. Chumakov MP, Butenko AM, Shalunova NV. et al. New data on the virus causing Crimean haemorrhagic fever (in Russian). Vopr Virusol 1968; 13 : 377-90.
74. Chumakov MP, Smirnova SE. Detection or antibody to the virus to CHF, in the sera of wild and domestic animals from Iran and Africa. Materials for the 17th Scientific Sessions of the Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus Encephalitis AMS, Moscow, USSR 1972 : 367.
75. Shanmugam J, Smirnova SE, Chumakov MP. Presence of antibody to arboviruses of the Crimean haemorrhagic fever - Congo (CHF-Congo) group in human beings and domestic animals in India. Indian J Med Res 1976; 64 : 1403-13.
76. Smithburn KC, Kerr JA, Gatne PB. Neutralising antibodies against certain viruses in the sera of residents of India. J Immunol 1954; 72 : 248-57.
77. Theiler M, Downs WG. The arthropod borne viruses of vertebrates. New Haven, Conn. USA. Yale Univ. Press 1973.
78. Banker DD. Preliminary observations on antibody patterns against certain viruses among inhabitants of Bombay city. Indian J Med Sci 1952; 6 : 733-46.
79. Dandawate CN, Shah KV. Ganjam virus : A new arbovirus isolated from ticks Haemaphysalis intermedia. Warburton and Nuttall 1909 in Orissa, India. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57 : 799-804.
80. Boshell J, Desai PK, Dandawate CN, Goverdhan MK. Isolation of Ganjam virus from ticks Haemaphysalis intermedia. Indian J Med Res 1970; 58 : 561-2.
81. East African Virus Research Institute. Report 1963-64; p 14.
82. Dandawate CN, Work TH, Webb JKG, Shah KV. Isolation of Ganjam virus from a human case of febrile illness; a report of a laboratory infection and serological survey of human sera from three different states of India. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57 : 975-82.
83. Mohan Rao CVR, Dandawate CN, Rodrigues JJ, Prasada Rao GLN, Mandke VB, Ghalsasi GR. et al Laboratory infections with Ganjam virus. Indian J Med Res 1981; 74 : 319-24.
84. Bhatt PN, Rodrigues, FM. Chandipura : A new arbovirus isolated in India from patients with febrile illness. Indian J Med Res 1967; 55 : 1295-1305.
85. Dhanda V, Rodrigues FM, Ghosh SN. Isolation of Chandipura virus from sandflies in Aurangabad. Indian J Med Res 1970; 58 : 179-80.
86. Rao TR, Singh KRP, Dhanda V, Bhatt PN. Experimental transmission of Chandipura virus by mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 1967; 55 : 1306-10.
87. Shah KV, Work TH. Bhanja virus : a new arbovirus from ticks, Haemaphysalis intermedia. Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 in Orissa, India. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57 : 793-8.
88. Calisher CH, Goodpasture HC. Human infection with Bhanja virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1975; 24 : 1040-2.
89. Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Jezek E, Ladnyi ID. Smallpox and its eradication, WHO, Geneva. 1988; 1290-92.
90. Jezek A, Fenner F, Human monkeypox. Monographs in Virology, Vol. 17, Basel, S. Karger. 1988; 1-140.
91. Downie AW, Espana C. Comparison of Tanapox virus and Yaba like viruses causing epidemic disease in monkeys. J Hyg 1972; 70 : 23-32.
92. Downie AW, Taylor-Robinson CH, Caunt AE, Nelson GS, Manson-Bahr PEC, Matthews THC. Tanapox : a new disease caused by a pox virus. Br Med J 1971; i : 363-8.
93. Sharma GK. An interesting outbreak of variola/vaccinia in milch cattle in Lahore. The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research selected clinical article. Misc Bull 1934; 8 : 1-4.
94. Mathew T. Buffalopox (Orthopox) virus and its zoonotic importance. Pub : THAJEMA, New Delhi. 1993; 1-175.
95. Kulkarni S, Thakar M, Rodrigues J, Banerjee K. HIV-2 antibodies in serum samples from Maharashtra state. Indian J Med Res 1992; 95 : 213-5.
96. Rubsamen-Waigmann H, Briesen HV, Maniar JK, Rao PK, Scholz C, Pfutzner A. Spread of HIV-2 in India. Lancet 1991; 337 : 550.
97. Banerjee K. Spread of HIV-2 in western India. Abst Amer Soc Trop Med Hyg Atlanta. 1993.
98. Babu PG, Saraswathi NK, Devapriya F, John TJ. The detection of HIV-2 infection in southern India. Indian J Med Res 1993; 97 : 49-52.
99. Weniger BG, Takebe Y, Ou C-Y, Yamazaki S. The molecular epidemiology of HIV in Asia. CARC Calling 1994; 7 : 62-7.
100. Ewald PW. Host parasite relations, vectors and evolution of disease severity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 1983; 14 : 465-85.
101. Ewald PW, The evolution of virulence. Sci Am 1993. April : 86-93.
102. Chatterjee S, Quarcoopome CO, Apenteng A. Unusual type of epidemic conjunctivitis in Ghana. Br J Ophthalmol 1970; 54 : 628-30.
103. Parrott WF. An epidemic called Apollo : An outbreak of conjunctivitis in Nigeria. Practitioner 1971; 206 : 253-5.
104. Kono R. Apollo II disease or acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis : A pandemic of a new enterovirus infection of the eyes. Am J Epidemiol 1975; 101 : 383-90.
105. Yin-Murphy M, Lim KH, Picornavirus epidemic conjunctivitis in Singapore. Lancet 1972; ii : 857-8.
106. Gogate SS, Gupta NP, Anantanarayan TR, Wagh UV, Banerjee, K, Ilkal MA. Laboratory investigations of an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Bombay and Poona in 1975. J Indian Med Assoc 1978; 70 : 34-7.
107. Bhide VS, Prasad SR, Gogate SS. Isolation of a variant of enterovirus 70 from a patient during an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Pune in 1991. Acta Virologica 1994; 38 : 245-6.
108. Kono R, Sasagawa A, Miyamura K, Tajiri E. Serologic characterization and sero-epidemiologic studies on acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) virus. Am J Epidemiol 1975; 101 : 444-57.
109. Kono R, Sasagawa A, Yamazaki S, Nakazono N, Minami K, Otatsume S. et al. Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa III. Studies with animal sera from Ghana and Senegal. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 114 : 362-8.
110. Miyamura K, Tanimura M, Takeda N, Kono R, Yamazaki S. Evolution of enterovirus 70 in nature. All isolates were recently derived from a common ancestor. Arch Virol 1986; 89 : 1-14.
111. Wadia NH, Irani PF, Katrak SM. Lumboscaral radiculomyelitis associated with pandemic acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Lancet 1973; i : 350-2.
112. Wadia NH, Wadia PN, Katrak SM, Misra VP. Neurological manifestations of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Lancet 1981; ii : 528-9.