Genetic footprint of the ToxR-binding site in the promoter for cholera toxin

Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 213-222

  Pfau, James D ^a   Taylor, Ronald K ^a  

^a DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLERA TOXIN; DNA BINDING PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELETION MUTANT; DNA FOOTPRINTING; DNA SEQUENCE; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BACTERIOPHAGE P22; BASE COMPOSITION; BASE SEQUENCE; BINDING SITES; CHOLERA TOXIN; DNA FOOTPRINTING; DNA, BACTERIAL; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); REPETITIVE SEQUENCES, NUCLEIC ACID; SEQUENCE DELETION; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

EID: 0029864635     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02502.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Amann, E., Brosius, J., and Ptashne, M. (1983) Vectors bearing a hybrid trp-lac promoter useful for regulated expression of cloned genes in Escherichia coli. Gene 25: 167-178.
2. Bass, S., Sugiono, P., Arvidson, D.N., Gunsalus, R.P., and Youderian, P. (1987) DNA specificity determinants of Escherichia coli tryptophan repressor binding. Genes Dev 1: 565-572.
3. Benson, N.P., Sugiono, P., Bass, S., Mendelman, L.V., and Youderian, P. (1986) General selection for specific DNA-binding activities. Genetics 114: 1-14.
4. Benson, N., Adams, C., and Youderian, P. (1994) Genetic selection for mutations that impair the co-operative binding of lambda repressor. Mol Microbiol 11: 567-579.
5. Bolivar, F., Rodriguez, R.L., Betach, M.C., and Boyer, H.W. (1977) Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. I. Ampicillin-resistant derivatives of the plasmid pMB9. Gene 2: 75-93.
6. Brown, R.C., and Taylor, R.K. (1995) Organization of tcp, acf, and toxT genes within a ToxT-dependent operon. Mol Microbiol 16: 425-439.
7. Busby, S., and Ebright, R.H. (1994) Promoter structure, promoter recognition, and transcription activation in prokaryotes. Cell 79: 743-746.
8. Chang, A.C.Y., and Cohen, S.N. (1978) Construction and characterization of amplifiable multicopy DNA cloning vehicles derived from the P15A cryptic miniplasmid. J Bacteriol 134: 1141-1156.
9. Churchward, G.N., Belin, D., and Nagamine, Y. (1984) A pSC101-derived plasmid which shows no sequence homology to other commonly used cloning vectors. Gene 31: 165-171.
10. Dell, C.L., Neely, M.N., and Olson, E.R. (1994) Altered pH and lysine signaling mutants of cadC, a gene encoding a membrane-bound transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli cadBA operon. Mol Microbiol 14: 7-16.
11. DiRita, V.J. (1995) Three-Component regulatory system controlling virulence in Vibrio cholerae. In Two-Component Signal Transduction. Hoch, J.A., and Silhavy, T. (eds). Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology, pp. 351-365.
12. DiRita, V.J., Parsot, C., Jander, G., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1991) Regulatory cascade controls virulence in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 5403-5407.
13. Gardel, C.L., and Mekalanos, J. (1994) Regulation of cholera toxin expression by temperature, pH, and osmolarity. Meth Enzymol 235: 517-526.
14. Grana, D., Youderian, P., and Susskind, M.M. (1985) Mutations that improve the ant promoter of Salmonella phage P22. Genetics 110: 1-16.
15. Hales, L.M., Gumport, R.I., and Gardner, J.F. (1994) Determining the DNA sequence elements required for binding integration host factor to two different target sites. J Bacteriol 176: 2999-3006.
16. Haran, T.E., Kahn, J.D., and Crothers, D.M. (1994) Sequence elements responsible for DNA curvature. J Mol Biol 244: 135-143.
17. Higgins, D.E., and DiRita, V.J. (1994) Transcriptional control of toxT, a regulatory gene in the ToxR regulon of Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 14: 17-29.
18. Li, M., Moyle, H., and Susskind, M.M. (1994) Target of the transcriptional activation function of phage lambda cl protein. Science 263: 75-77.
19. Lucht, J.M., Dersch, P., Kempf, B., and Bremer, E. (1994) Interactions of the nucleoid-associated DNA-binding protein H-NS with the regulatory region of the osmotically controlled proU operon of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 269: 6578-6588.
20. Maloy, S.R. (1990) Experimental Techniques in Bacterial Genetics. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
21. Maloy, S.R., Stewart, V.J., and Taylor, R.K. (1996) Genetic Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria: a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
22. Mekalanos, J.J. (1983) Duplication and amplification of the toxin genes in Vibrio cholerae. Cell 35: 253-263.
23. Mekalanos, J.J. (1992) Environmental signals controlling expression of virulence determinants in bacteria. J Bacteriol 174: 1-7.
24. Mekalanos, J.J., Swartz, D.J., Pearson, G.D.N., Hartford, N., Groyne, F., and deWilde, M. (1983) Cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development. Nature 306: 551-557.
25. Miller, J.H. (1992) A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
26. Miller, V.L., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1984) Synthesis of cholera toxin is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by toxR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3471-3475.
27. Miller, V.L., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1988) A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J Bacteriol 170: 2575-2583.
28. Miller, V.L., Taylor, R.K., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1987) Cholera toxin transcriptional activator ToxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Cell 48: 271-279.
29. Miller, V.L., DiRita, V.J., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1989) Identification of toxS, a regulatory gene whose product enhances ToxR-mediated activation of the cholera toxin promoter. J Bacteriol 171: 1288-1293.
30. Ottemann, K.M., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1995) Analysis of Vibrio cholerae ToxR function by construction of novel fusion proteins. Mol Microbiol 15: 719-731.
31. Ottemann, K.M., DiRita, V.J., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1992) ToxR proteins with substitutions in residues conserved with OmpR fail to activate transcription from the cholera toxin promoter. J Bacteriol 174: 6807-6814.
32. Paluh, J.L., and Yanofsky, C. (1986) High level production of the E. coli trp repressor. Nucl Acids Res 14: 7851-7860.
33. Silhavy, T.J., Berman, M.L., and Enquist, L.W. (1984) Experiments with Gene Fusions. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
34. Simons, R.W., Houman, F., and Kleckner, N. (1987) Improved single and multicopy lac-based cloning vectors for protein and operon fusions. Gene 53: 85-96.
35. Susskind, M.M. (1980) A new gene of bacteriophage P22 which regulates synthesis of antirepressor. J Mol Biol 34: 685-713.
36. Zhou, Y., Merkel, T.J., and Ebright, R.H. (1994) Characterization of the activating region of Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) II. Role of Class I and class II CAP-dependent promoters. J Mol Biol 243: 603-610.