On the voluntary movement of compliant (inertial-viscoelastic) loads by parcellated control mechanisms

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 76, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 3207-3229

  Gottlieb, Gerald L ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; ELECTROMYOGRAM; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HUMAN TISSUE; JOINT MOBILITY; MUSCLE FORCE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TORQUE; VISCOELASTICITY; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT; WEIGHT BEARING;

EID: 0029864530     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3207     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. ADAMOVITCH, S. V. AND FELDMAN, A. G. Model of the central regulation of the parameters of motor trajectories. Biofizika 29: 306-309 (English translation, 338-342), 1984.
2. ADAMOVITCH, S. V. AND FELDMAN, A. G. Model of the central regulation of the parameters of motor trajectories. Biofizika 29: 306-309 (English translation, 338-342), 1984.
3. ALMEIDA, G. L., HONG, D. H., CORCOS, D. M., AND GOTTLIEB, G. L. Organizing principles for voluntary movement: extending single joint rules. J. Neurophysiol. 74: 1374-1381, 1995.
4. ANGEL, R. W. Electromyography during voluntary movement: the two burst pattern. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 36: 493-498, 1974.
5. ANGEL, R. W. Myoelectric patterns associated with ballistic movement: effect of unexpected changes in load. J. Hum. Mov. Stud. 1: 96-103, 1975.
6. ASATRYAN, D. G. AND FELDMAN, A. G. Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movement or maintenance of a steady posture. I. Mechanographic analysis of the work of the joint or execution of a postural task. Biofizika 10: 837-846 [English translation 925-935], 1965.
7. ASATRYAN, D. G. AND FELDMAN, A. G. Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movement or maintenance of a steady posture. I. Mechanographic analysis of the work of the joint or execution of a postural task. Biofizika 10: 837-846 [English translation 925-935], 1965.
8. BERKINBLIT, M. B., FELDMAN, A. G., AND FUKSON, O. I. Adaptability of innate motor patterns and motor control mechanisms. Behav. Brain Sci. 9: 585-638, 1986.
9. BIZZI, E., ACCORNERO, N., CHAPPLE, W., AND HOGAN, N. Arm trajectory formation in monkeys. Exp. Brain Res. 46: 139-143, 1982.
10. BIZZI, E., HOGAN, N., MUSSA-IVALDI, F. A., AND GISZTER, S. Does the nervous system use equilibrium-point control to guide single and multiple joint movements? Behav. Brain Sci. 15: 603-613, 1992.
11. BIZZI, E., POLIT, A., AND MORASSO, P. Mechanisms underlying achievement of final head position. J. Neurophysiol. 39: 434-444, 1976.
12. BOCK, O. Scaling of joint torque during planar arm movements. Exp. Brain Res. 101: 346-352, 1994.
13. CORCOS, D. M., GOTTLIEB, G. L., AND AGARWAL, G. C. Organizing principles for single joint movements. II. A speed-sensitive strategy. J. Neurophysiol. 62: 358-368, 1989.
14. CORCOS, D. M., GOTTLIEB, G. L., LATASH, M. L., ALMEIDA, G. L., AND AGARWAL, G. C. Electromechanical delay: an experimental artifact. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 2: 59-68, 1992.
15. DUYSENS, J., TRIPPEL, M., HORTSMANN, G. A., AND DIETZ, V. Gating and reversal of reflexes in ankle muscles during human walking. Exp. Brain Res. 82: 351-358, 1990.
16. FELDMAN, A. G. Once more on the equilibrium-point hypothesis (λ model) for motor control. J. Mol. Behav. 18: 17-54, 1986.
17. FELDMAN, A. G., ADAMOVITCH, S. V., OSTRY, D. J., AND FLANAGAN, J. R. The origin of electromyograms - explanations based on the equilbrium point hypothesis. In: Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization, edited by J. Winters and S. L.-Y. Woo. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990, p. 195-213.
18. FELDMAN, A. G. AND LEVIN, M. F. The origin and use of positional frames of reference in motor control. Behav. Brain Sci. 18: 723-806, 1995.
19. FITTS, P. M. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. 47: 381-391, 1954.
20. FLANAGAN, J. R. AND RAO, A. K. Trajectory adaptation to a nonlinear visuomotor transformation: evidence of motion planning in visually perceived space. J. Neurophysiol. 74: 2174-2178, 1995.
21. FLANDERS, M. AND SOECHTING, J. F. Parcellation of sensorimotor transformations for arm movements. J. Neurosci. 10: 2420-2427, 1990.
22. FLASH, T. The control of hand equilibrium trajectories in multi-joint arm movements. Biol. Cybern. 57: 257-274, 1987.
23. FREUND, H.-J. AND BUDINGEN, H. J. The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles. Exp. Brain Res. 31: 1-12, 1978.
24. GARDINER, H. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: HarperCollins, 1993.
25. GHEZ, C. Contributions of central programs to rapid limb movement in the cat. In: Integration in the Nervous System, edited by H. Asanuma and V. Wilson. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin, 1979, p. 305-319.
26. GOMI, H. AND KAWATO, M. Equilbrium-point control hypothesis examined by measured arm stiffness during multijoint movement. Science Wash. DC 272: 117-120, 1996.
27. GOTTLIEB, G. L. Kinematics is only a (good) start. Behav. Brain Sci. 15: 527, 1992.
28. GOTTLIEB, G. L. Central programming of "simple" voluntary movements. In: Electrophysiological Kinesiology: Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of ISEK, edited by A. Pedotti. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1993a, p. 18-25.
29. GOTTLIEB, G. L. A computational model of the simplest motor program. J. Mot. Behav. 25: 153-161, 1993b.
30. GOTTLIEB, G. L. The generation of the efferent command and the importance of joint compliance in fast elbow movements. Exp. Brain Res. 97: 545-550, 1994.
31. GOTTLIEB, G. L., CHEN, C.-H., AND CORCOS, D. M. An "adequate" control theory governing single-joint elbow flexion in humans. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 23: 388-398, 1995a.
32. GOTTLIEB, G. L., CHEN, C.-H., AND CORCOS, D. M. Relations between joint torque, motion and EMG patterns at the human elbow. Exp. Brain Res. 103: 164-167, 1995b.
33. GOTTLIEB, G. L., CORCOS, D. M., AND AGARWAL, G. C. Organizing principles for single joint movements. I. A speed-insensitive strategy. J. Neurophysiol. 62: 342-357, 1989a.
34. GOTTLIEB, G. L., CORCOS, D. M., AND AGARWAL, G. C. Strategies for the control of single mechanical degree of freedom voluntary movements. Behav. Brain Sci. 12: 189-210, 1989b.
35. GOTTLIEB, G. L., CORCOS, D. M., AGARWAL, G. C., AND LATASH, M. L. Organizing principles for single joint movements. III. The speed-insensitive strategy as default. J. Neurophysiol. 63: 625-636, 1990a.
36. GOTTLIEB, G. L., CORCOS, D. M., LATASH, M. L., AND AGARWAL, G. C. Principles underlying single-joint movement strategies. In: Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization, edited by J. Winters and S. Woo. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990b, p. 236-250.
37. GOTTLIEB, G. L., LATASH, M. L., CORCOS, D. M., LIUBINSKAS, T. J., AND AGARWAL, G. C. Organizing principles for single joint movements. V. Agonist-antagonist interactions. J. Neurophysiol. 67: 1417-1427, 1992.
38. GOTTLIEB, G. L., SONG, Q., HONG, D., ALMEIDA, G. L., AND CORCOS, D. M. Coordinating movement at two joints: a principal of linear covariance. J. Neurophysiol. 75: 1760-1764, 1996a.
39. GOTTLIEB, G. L., SONG, Q., HONG, D., AND CORCOS, D. M. Coordinating two degrees of freedom during human arm movement: load and speed invariance of relative joint torques. J. Neurophysiol. 76: 3196-3206, 1996b.
40. HALLETT, M., SHAHANI, B. T., AND YOUNG, R. R. EMG analysis of stereo-typed voluntary movements in man. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 38: 1154-1162, 1975.
41. HASAN, Z. Optimized movement trajectories and joint stiffness in unperturbed, inertially loaded movements. Biol. Cybern. 53: 373-382, 1986.
42. HENRY, F. M. AND ROGERS, D. E. Increased response latency for complicated movements and a memory drum theory of neuromotor reaction. Res. Q. 31: 448-458, 1960.
43. HODGSON, A. J. Inferring Central Motor Plans From Attractor Trajectory Measurements (PhD thesis). Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1994.
44. HOGAN, N. An organizing principal for a class of voluntary movements. J. Neurosci. 11: 2745-2754, 1984.
45. HOLLERBACH, J. M. AND BENNETT, D. J. Feed-forward versus feedback control of limb movements. In: Neural Prostheses: Replacing Motor Function After Disease or Disability, edited by R. B. Stein, P. H. Peckham, and D. B. Popovic. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992, p. 129-147.
46. HONG, D., CORCOS, D. M., AND GOTTLIEB, G. L. Task dependent patterns of muscle activation at the shoulder and elbow for unconstrained arm movements. J. Neurophysiol. 71: 1261-1265, 1994.
47. HORE, J., MCCLOSKEY, D. I., AND TAYLOR, J. L. Task-dependent changes in the gain of the reflex response to imperceptible perturbations of joint position in man. J. Physiol. Lond. 429: 309-322, 1990.
48. HOUK, J. C. Regulation of stiffness by skeletomotor reflexes. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 41: 99-114, 1979.
49. KOSHLAND, G. AND HASAN, Z. Selection of muscles for initiation of planar, three-joint arm movements with different final orientations of the hand. Exp. Brain Res. 98: 157-162, 1994.
50. KOSHLAND, G. F., HASAN, Z., AND GERILOVSKY, L. Activity of wrist muscles elicited during imposed or voluntary movements about the elbow joint. J. Mot. Behav. 23: 91-100, 1991.
51. LASHLEY, D. S. The accuracy of movement in the absence of excitation from the moving organ. Am. J. Physiol. 43: 169-194, 1917.
52. LATASH, M. AND GOTTLIEB, G. An equilibrium point model for fast, single-joint movement. I. Emergence of strategy dependent EMG patterns. J. Mot. Behav. 23: 163-178, 1991a.
53. LATASH, M. L. Control of fast elbow movement: a study of electomyographic patterns during movements against unexpectedly decreased inertial load. Exp. Brain Res. 98: 145-152, 1994.
54. LATASH, M. L. AND GOTTLIEB, G. L. Compliant characteristics of single joints: preservation of equifinality with phasic reactions. Biol. Cybern. 62: 331-336, 1990.
55. LATASH, M. L. AND GOTTLIEB, G. L. Reconstruction of shifting elbow joint compliant characteristics during fast and slow voluntary movement. Neuroscience 43: 697-712, 1991b.
56. LESTIENNE, F. Effects of inertial load and velocity on the braking process of voluntary limb movements. Exp. Brain Res. 35: 407-418, 1979.
57. LESTIENNE, F., POLIT, A., AND BIZZI, E. Functional organization of the motor process underlying the transition from movement to posture. Brain Res. 230: 121-131, 1981.
58. LEVIN, M. F., FELDMAN, A. G., MILNER, T. E., AND LAMARRE, Y. Reciprocal and coactivation commands for fast wrist movements. Exp. Brain Res. 89: 669-677, 1992.
59. MCINTYRE, J. AND BIZZI, E. Servo hypotheses for biological control of movement. J. Mot. Behav. 25: 193-202, 1993.
60. MERTON, P. A. Speculations on the servo-control of movement. In: The Spinal Cord, edited by J. L. Malcolm, J. A. B. Gray, and G. E. W. Wolstenholme. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1953, p. 247-260.
61. MIALL, R. C. AND HAGGARD, P. N. The curvature of human arm movements in the absence of visual experience. Exp. Brain Res. 103: 421-428, 1995.
62. PEARSON, K. G. AND COLLINS, D. F. Reversal of the influence of group Ib afferents from plantaris on activity in medial gastrocnemius muscle during locomotor activity. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 1009-1017, 1993.
63. RAIBERT, M. H. Legged Robots That Balance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.
64. RICHARDSON, C. AND SIMMONS, R. W. Electromyographic and neuromuscular force patterns associated with unexpectedly loaded rapid movements. Brain Res. 343: 246-251, 1985.
65. SANES, J. N. Kinematics and end-point control of arm movements are modified by unexpected changes in viscous loading. J. Neurosci. 6: 3120-3127, 1986.
66. SCHMIDT, R. A., ZELAZNIK, H., HAWKINS, B., FRANK, J. S., AND QUINN, J. T. Motor-output variability: a theory for the accuracy of rapid motor acts. Psychol. Rev. 86: 415-451, 1979.
67. SHADMEHR, R. AND MUSSA-IVALDI, F. A. Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task. J. Neurosci. 14: 3208-3224, 1994.
68. SMEETS, J. B. J., ERKELENS, C. J., AND DENIER VAN DER GON, J. J. Adjustments of fast goal-directed movements in response to an unexpected inertial load. Exp. Brain Res. 81: 303-312, 1990.
69. ST-ONGE, N., QI, H., AND FELDMAN, A. G. The patterns of control signal underlying elbow joint movements in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 164: 171-174, 1993.
70. STEIN, R. B., CODY, F. W. J., AND CAPADAY, C. The trajectory of human wrist movements. J. Neurophysiol. 59: 1814-1830, 1988.
71. WACHHOLDER, K. AND ALTENBURGER, H. Beitrage zur Physiologie der willkurlichen Bewegung. X. Mitteilung. Einzelbewegungen. Pfluegers Arch. 214: 642-661, 1926.
72. WOLPERT, D. M., GHAHRAMANI, Z., AND JORDAN, M. I. Are arm trajectories planned in kinematic or dynamic coordinates? An adaptation study. Exp. Brain Res. 103: 460-470, 1995.