Mutations in the fission yeast silencing factors clr4+ and rik1+ disrupt the localisation of the chromo domain protein Swi6p and impair centromere function

Journal of Cell Science

Volumn 109, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 2637-2648

  Ekwall, Karl ^a   Nimmo, Elaine R ^a   Javerzat, Jean Paul ^a,c   Borgstrøm, Britta ^a,b   Egel, Richard ^b   Cranston, Gwen ^a   Allshire, Robin ^a  

^a WESTERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires   (France)

Author keywords

Heterochromatin; Kinetochore; S. pombe; Spindle; Telomere

Indexed keywords

ANAPHASE; ARTICLE; CENTROMERE; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; CHROMOSOME LOSS; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FUNGUS MUTANT; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; MATING TYPE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE; TELOMERE;

ANAPHASE; CENTROMERE; FUNGAL PROTEINS; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION, FLUORESCENCE; MUTAGENESIS; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE PROTEINS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES; TELOMERE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TUBULIN;

FUNGI; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE;

EID: 0029859275     PISSN: 00219533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aasland, R. and Stewart, F. R. (1995). The chromo shadow domain, a second chromo domain in heterochromatin-binding protein 1, HP1. Nucl. Acids Res. 23, 3168-3173.
2. Allshire, R. C., Javerzat, J.-P., Redhead, N. J. and Cranston, G. (1994). Position effect variegation at fission yeast centromeres. Cell 76, 157-169.
3. Allshire, R. C., Nimmo, E. R., Ekwall, K., Javerzat, J.-P. and Cranston, G. (1995). Mutations derepressing silent centromeric domains in fission yeast disrupt chromosome segregation. Genes Der, 9, 218-233.
4. Aparicio, O. M., Billington, B. L. and Gottschling, D. E. (1991). Modifiers of position effect are shared between telomeric and silent mating-type loci in S. cerevisiae. Cell 66, 1279-1287.
5. Baksa K., Morawietz, H., Dombradi, V., Axton, M., Taubert, H., Szabo, G., Török, I., Udvardy, A., Gyurkovics, H., Szöör, B., Glover, D., Reuter, G. and Gausz, J. (1993). Mutations in the protein phosphatase I gene at 87B can differentially affect suppression of position-effect variegation and mitosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 135, 117-125.
6. Baum, M., Ngan, V. K. and Clarke, L. (1994). The centromeric K-type repeat and the central core are together sufficient to establish a functional Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromere. Mol. Biol. Cell 5, 747-761.
7. Borgstrøm, B. (1996). Characterisation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rik1 gene. PhD thesis, University of Copenhagen, Education no. EF432, Academy of the Technical Sciences.
8. Chikashige, Y., Ding, D.-Q., Funabiki, H., Haraguchi, T., Mashiko, S., Yanagida, M. and Hiraoka, Y. (1994). Telomere-led premeiotic chromosome movement in fission yeast. Science 264, 270-273.
9. Cockell, M., Palladino, F., Laroche, T., Kyrion, G., Liu, C., Lustig, A. J. and Gasser, S. M. (1995). The carboxy termini of SIR4 and RAP1 affect SIR3 localisation: evidence for a multicomponent complex required for yeast telomeric silencing. J. Cell Biol. 129, 909-924.
10. Cottarel, G., Shero, J. H., Hieter, P. and Hegemann, J. H. (1989). A 125-base-pair DNA fragment is sufficient for complete meiotic and mitotic centromere functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 3342-3349.
11. Doheny, K. F., Sorger, P. K., Hyman, A. A., Tugendreich, S., Spencer, F. and Hieter, P. (1993). Identification of essential components of the S. cerevisiae kinetochore. Cell 73, 761-774.
12. Dustin, P. (1984). Microtubules. New York: Springer Verlag.
13. Egel, R., Willer, M. and Nielsen, O. (1989). Unblocking of meiotic crossing-over between the silent mating-type cassettes of fission yeast, conditioned by the recessive, pleiotropic mutant rik1. Curr. Genet. 15, 407-410.
14. Ekwall, K. and Ruusala, T. (1994). Mutations in rik1, clr2, clr3 and clr4 genes asymmetrically derepress the silent mating-type loci in fission yeast. Genetics 136, 53-64.
15. Ekwall, K., Javerzat, J.-P., Lorentz, K., Schmidt, H., Cranston, G. and Allshire, R. (1995). The chromo domain protein Swi6: A key component at fission yeast centromeres. Science 269, 1429-1431.
16. Eissenberg, J. C. (1989). Position effect variegation in Drosophila: Towards genetics of chromatin assembly. BioEssays 11, 14-17.
17. Funabiki, B., Hagan, I., Uzawa, S. and Yanagida, M. (1993). Cell cycle-dependent specific positioning and clustering of centromeres and telomeres in fission yeast. J. Cell Biol. 121, 961-976.
18. Goh, P.-E. and Kilmartin, J. V. (1993). NDC10: A gene involved in chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 121, 530-512.
19. + is defective in metaphase to anaphase transition. J. Biol. Chem 271, 5704-5711.
20. Gottschling, D. (1992). Telomere proximal DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is refractory to methyltransferase activity in vivo. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4062-4065.
21. Gottschling, D. E., Aparicio, O. M., Billington, B. M. and Zakian, V. A. (1990). Position effect at S. cerevisiae telomeres: reversible repression of pol II transcription. Cell 63, 751-762.
22. Hagan, I. and Byams, J. S. (1988). The use of cell division cycle mutants to investigate the control of microtubule distribution in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J. Cell Sci. 89, 343-357.
23. Hecht, A., Laroche, T., Strahl-Bolsinger, S., Gasser, S. M. and Grunstein, M. (1995). Histone H3 and H4 N-termini interact with SIR3 and SIR4 proteins: A molecular model for the formation of heterochromatin in yeast. Cell 80, 583-592.
24. Henikoff, S. (1990). Position-effect variegation after 60 years. Trends Genet. 6, 422-426.
25. Karpen, G. (1994). Position-effect variegation and the new biology of heterochromatin. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 4, 281-291.
26. Kellum, R. and Alberts, B. M. (1995). Heterochromatin protein 1 is required for correct chromosome segregation in Drosophila embryos. J. Cell Sci. 108, 1419-1431.
27. Kilmartin, J. V. (1981). Purification of yeast tubulin by self-assembly in vitro. Biochemistry 20, 3629-3633.
28. Kyrion, G., Liu, K., Liu, C. and Lustig, A. J. (1993). RAP1 and telomere structure regulate telomere position effects in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Genes Dev. 7, 1146-1159.
29. Lindsey, D. L. and Novitski, E. (1958). Localisation of the genetic factors responsible for the kinetic activity of X chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 43, 790-798.
30. Lorentz, A., Heim, L. and Schmidt, H. (1992). The switching gene swi6 affects recombination and gene expression in the mating-type region of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol. Gen. Genet. 233, 436-442.
31. Lorentz, A., Ostermann, K., Fleck, O. and Schmidt, H. (1994). Switching gene swi6, involved in repression of silent mating-type loci in fission yeast. encodes a homologue of chromatin-associated proteins from Drosophila and mammals. Gene 143, 139-143.
32. Matsumoto, T., Murakami, S., Niwa, S. and Yanagida, M. (1990). Construction and characterisation of centric circular and acentric linear chromosomes in fission yeast. Curr. Genet. 18, 323-330.
33. Moreno, S., Klar, A. and Nurse, P. (1991). Molecular genetic analysis of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Meth. Enzymol. 194, 795-823.
34. Moretti, P., Freeman, K., Coodly, L. and Shore, D. (1994). Evidence that a complex of SIR proteins interacts with the silencer and telomere-binding protein RAP1. Genes Dev. 8, 2257-2269.
35. Murphy, T. and Karpen, G. (1995). Localisation of centromere function in a Drosophila minichromosome. Cell 82, 1-20.
36. Murray, J. M., Tavassoli, M., Al-Harithy, R., Sheldrick, K. S., Lehmann, A. R., Carr, A. M. and Watts, F. Z. (1994). Structural and functional conservation of the human homologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad2 gene, which is required for chromosome segregation and recovery from DN A damage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 4878-4888.
37. Nimmo, E. R., Cranston, G. and Allshire, R. C. (1994). Telomere-associated chromosome breakage in fission yeast results in variegated expression of adjacent genes. EMBO J. 13, 3801-3811.
38. Niwa, O., Matsumoto, T., Chikashige, V. and Yanagida, M. (1989). Characterisation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe minichromosome deletion derivatives and a functional allocation of the centromere. EMBO J. 8, 3045-3052.
39. Ohkura, H., Adachi, Y., Kinoshita, N., Niwa, O., Toda, T. and Yanagida, M. (1988). Cold-sensitive and caffeine-supersensitive mutants of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe dis genes implicated in sister chromatid separation during mitosis. EMBO J. 7, 1465-1473.
40. Palladino, F., Laroche, T., Gilson, E., Axelrod, A., Pillus, L. and Gasser, S. M. (1993). SIR3 and SIR4 proteins are required for the positioning and integrity of yeast telomeres. Cell 75, 543-555.
41. Platero, J. S., Hartnett, T. and Eissenberg, J. C. (1995). Functional analysis of the chromo domain of HP1. EMBO J. 14, 3977-3986.
42. Robins, P. D., Pappin, J. C., Wood, R. D. and Lindahl, T. (1994). Structural and functional homology between DNAse IV and the 5′-nuclease domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28535-28538.
43. Rieder, C. L., Schultz, A., Cole, R. W. and Sluder, G. (1994). Anaphase onset in vertebrate somatic cells is controlled by a checkpoint that monitors sister kinetochore attachment to the spindle. J. Cell Biol. 127, 1301-1310.
44. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
45. Spencer, F. and Hieter, P. (1992). Centromere DNA mutations induce a mitotic delay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 8908-8912.
46. Steiner, N. C., Hahnenberger, K. M. and Clarke, L. (1993). Centromeres of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are highly variable genetic loci. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 4578-4587.
47. Strunnikov, A. W., Kingsbury, J. and Koshland, D. (1995). CEP3 encodes a centromere protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 128, 749-760.
48. Sunkel, C. E. and Coelho, P. A. (1995). The elusive centromere: sequence divergence and functional conservation. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 5, 756-767.
49. Takahashi, K., Murakami, S., Chikashige, Y., Funabiki, H., Niwa, O. and Yanagida, M. (1992). A low copy number central sequence with strict symmetry and unusual chromatin structure in fission yeast centromere. Mol. Biol. Cell 3, 819-835.
50. Takahashi, K., Yamada, H. and Yanagida, M. (1994). Fission yeast minichromosome loss mutants mis cause lethal aneuploidy and replication abnormality. Mol. Biol. Cell 5, 1145-1158.
51. Thon, G. and Klar, A. J. S. (1992). The clr1 locus regulates the expression of cryptic mating-type loci in fission yeast. Genetics 131, 287-296.
52. Thon, G. and Klar, A. J. S. (1993). Directionality of fission yeast mating-type interconversion is controlled by the location of the donor loci. Genetics 134, 1045-1054.
53. Toda, T., Umesono, K., Hirata, A. and Yanagida, M. (1983). Cold-sensitive nuclear division arrest mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J. Mol. Biol. 168, 251-270.
54. Umesono, K., Toda, T., Hayashi, S. and Yanagida, M. (1983). Two cell-division cycle genes nda2 and nda3 of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe control microtubular organisation and sensitivity to anti-mitotic benzimidazole compounds. J. Mol. Biol. 168, 271-284.
55. Uzawa, S. and Yanagida, M. (1992). Visualisation of centromeric and nucleolar DNA in fission yeast by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. J. Cell Sci. 101, 267-275.
56. Wines, D. R. and Henikoff, S. (1992). Somatic instability of a Drosophila chromosome. Genetics 131, 683-691.
57. Wallrath, L. L. and Elgin, S. C. R. (1995). Position effect variegation in Drosophila is associated with an altered chromatin structure. Genes Dev. 9, 1263-1277.
58. Woods, A., Sherwin, T., Sasse, R., MacRae, T. H., Baines, A. J. and Gull K. (1989). Definition of individual components within the cytoskeleton of Tryponasoma brucei by a library of monoclonal antibodies. J. Cell Sci. 93, 491-500.