Optimization of a cyclone to the 1993 international sampling convention for respirable dust

Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Volumn 11, Issue 12, 1996, Pages 1398-1408

  Liden G ^a   Gudmundsson, A ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR WORKING LIFE   (Sweden)

^b LUND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR MONITORING; AIR SAMPLING; ARTICLE; DUST; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0029858757     PISSN: 1047322X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1047322X.1996.10389437     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Chamberlain, E.A.C.; Makower, A.D.; Walton, W.H.: New Gravimetric Dust Standards and Sampling Procedures for British Coal Mines. In: Inhaled Particles III, pp. 1015-1030. W.H. Walton, Ed. Unwin Brothers, Old Woking, UK (1971).
2. Recommendations of the MRC Panels Relating to Selective Sampling (Extracted from the Minutes of a Joint Meeting of Panels 1, 2, and 3 held on March 4, 1952). In: Inhaled Particles and Vapours. C.N. Davies, Ed. Pergamon, Oxford, UK (1961).
3. Wright, B.M.: A Size-Selecting Sampler for Airborne Dust. Br. J. Ind. Med. 11:284-288 (1954).
4. Dunmore, J.H.; Hamilton, R.J.; Smith, D.S.G.: An Instrument for the Sampling of Respirable Dust for Subsequent Gravimetric Assessment. J. Sci. Inst. 41:669-672 (1964).
5. Hatch, T.F.; Gross, P.: Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols. Academic Press, New York (1964).
6. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Threshold Limit Values for Airborne Contaminants for 1968. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH (1968).
7. Code of Federal Regulations 30 CFR 74. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1982).
8. Higgins, R.I.; Dewell, P.: A Gravimetric Size-Selecting Personal Dust Sampler. In: Inhaled Particles and Vapours II, pp. 575-586. C.N. Davies, Ed. Pergamon, Oxford, UK (1967).
9. Harris, G.W.; Maguire, B.A.: A Gravimetric Dust Sampling Instrument (SIMPEDS): Preliminary Results. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 11:195-201 (1968).
10. Maguire, B.A.; Barker, D.; Wake, D.: Size-Selection Characteristic of the Cyclone Used in the SIMPEDS 70 MK2 Gravimetric Dust Sampler. Staub 33(3):95-98 (1973).
11. Lippmann, M.; Harris, W.B.: Size-Selective Samplers for Estimating “Respirable” Dust Concentrations. Health Physics 8:155-163 (1962).
12. Kotrappa, P.: Revision of Lippmann-Harris Calibration of Two- Stage Sampler Using Shape Factors. Health Physics 20:350-352 (1971).
13. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Particle Size-Selective Sampling in the Workplace. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH (1985).
14. Caplan, K.J.; Doemeny, L.J.; Sorensen, S.D.: Performance Characteristics of the 10 mm Cyclone Respirable Mass Sampler. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 38(2):83-95 (1977).
15. Baron, P.A.: Calibration and Use of the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS 3300). Aerosol Sci. Technol. 5:55-67 (1986).
16. Baron, P.A.; Mazumder, K.A.; Cheng, Y.S.: Direct-Reading Techniques using Optical Particle Detection. In: Aerosol Measurement, pp. 381-409. K. Willeke and P.A. Baron, Eds. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1993).
17. Bartley, D.L.; Breuer, G.M.; Baron, P.A., et al.: Pump Fluctuations and Their Effect on Cyclone Performance. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 45(1):10-18 (1984).
18. Bowman, J.D.; Bartley, D.L.; Breuer, G.M., et al.: Accuracy Criteria Recommended for the Certification of Gravimetric Coal Mine Dust Samplers. NTIS No. 85222446. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH (1984).
19. Kenny, L.C.; Liden, G.: A Technique for Assessing Size-Selective Dust Samplers Using the APS and Polydisperse Test Aerosols. J. Aerosol. Sci. 22(1):91-100 (1991).
20. Bartley, D.L.; Chen, C-C.; Song, R., et al.: Respirable Aerosol Sampler Performance Testing. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 55(11): 1036-1046 (1994).
21. Bartley, D.L.; Doemeny, D.L.: Critique of 1985 ACGIH Report on Particle Size-Selective Sampling in the Workplace. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 47(8):443-447 (1986).
22. Hinds, W.C.; Lippmann, M.; Phalen, R.F.: Letter to the Editor. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 47(8):A498 (1986).
23. Bartley, D.L.; Doemeny, D.L.: Letter to the Editor. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 47(8):A498-A499 (1986).
24. Kenny, L.C.; Liden, G.: The Application of Performance Standards to Personal Airborne Dust Samplers. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 33(3):289-300 (1989).
25. Liden, G.; Kenny, L.C.: The Performance of Respirable Dust Samplers: Sampler Bias, Precision and Inaccuracy. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 36(1):1-22 (1992).
26. Bartley, D.L.; Fischbach, T.J.: Alternative Approaches for Analyzing Sampling and Analytical Methods. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8(4):381-385 (1993).
27. Comite Europeen de Normalisation: CEN/TC137/WG3/N142 Workplace Atmospheres: Assessment of Performance of Instruments for the Measurement of Airborne Particles. Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brussels, Belgium (1995).
28. Overcamp, T.J.; Scarlett, S.E.: Effect of Reynolds Number on the Stokes Number of Cyclones. Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 19:362-370 (1993).
29. Blachman, M.W.; Lippmann, M.: Performance Characteristics of the Multicyclone Aerosol Sampler. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 35(6):311-326 (1974).
30. Chan, T.; Lippmann, M.: Particle Collection Efficiencies of Air Sampling Cyclones: An Empirical Theory. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11(4):377-382 (1977).
31. Bartley, D.L.; Breuer, G.M.: Analysis and Optimization of the Performance of the 10 mm Cyclone. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 43(7):520-528 (1982).
32. Maynard, A.D.: Respirable Dust Sampler Characterisation: Efficiency Curve Reproducibility. J. Aerosol. Sci. 24:S457-S458 (1993).
33. Soderholm, S.C.: Proposed International Conventions for Particle Size-Selective Sampling. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 33(3):301-321 (1989).
34. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices for 1993-1994. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH (1993).
35. Comite Europeen de Normalisation: EN481 Workplace Atmospheres: Size Fraction Definitions for Measurement of Airborne Particles. Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brussels, Belgium (1993).
36. International Organisation for Standardisation: IS07708 Air Quality-Particle Size Fraction Definitions for Health-related Sampling. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland (1993).
37. Buttner, H.: Size Separation of Particles from Aerosol Samples Using Impactors and Cyclones. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 5:87-93 (1988).
38. Ioza, D.L.; Leith, D.: Effect of Cyclone Dimensions on Gas Flow Pattern and Collection Efficiency. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 10:491-500 (1989).
39. Kim, J.C.; Lee, K.W.: Experimental Study of Particle Collection by Small Cyclones. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:1003-1015 (1990).
40. Saltzman, B.E.; Hochstrasser, J.M.: Design and Performance of Miniature Cyclones for Respirable Aerosol Sampling. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17(7):418-424 (1983).
41. Heitbrink, W.A.; Baron, P.A.; Willeke, K.: Coincidence in Time-of-Flight Aerosol Spectrometers: Phantom Particle Creation. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 14:112-126 (1991).
42. Gudmundsson, A.; Liden, G.: Determination of Cyclone Model Variability Using a Time-of-Flight Instrument (Aerosol Sci. Technol., in review).
43. Draper, N.R.; Smith, H.: Applied Regression Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981).
44. Carlson, R.: Design and Optimization in Organic Synthesis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1992).
45. Rietema, K.: The Mechanism of the Separation of Finely Dispersed Solids in Cyclones. In: Cyclones in Industry. K. Rietema and C.G. Verver, Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1961).
46. DeOtte, Jr., R.: A Model for the Prediction of the Collection Efficiency Characteristics of a Small, Cylindrical Aerosol Sampling Cyclone. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:1055-1066 (1990).
47. Kessler, M.; Leith, D.: Flow Measurement and Efficiency Modeling Cyclones for Particle Collection. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 15:8-18 (1991).
48. Zenz, F.A.: Cyclones. In: Encyclopedia of Chemical Process and Design, pp. 82-97. J. J. McKetta and W. A. Cunningham, Eds. Marcel Decker, New York (1976).
49. Muschelknautz, E.; Krambrock, W.: Aerodynamische Beiwerte des Zyklonabscheiders aufgrund neuer und verbesserter Messun- gen. Chem.-Ing.-Tech. 42:247-255 (1970).