-
1
-
-
6144248999
-
-
Raji Sourani, human rights lawyer and former director of Gaza Centre for Rights and Law. Interview with the author, Gaza city, 28 May 1995
-
Raji Sourani, human rights lawyer and former director of Gaza Centre for Rights and Law. Interview with the author, Gaza city, 28 May 1995.
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
6144230736
-
-
Ibid, p 94
-
Ibid, p 94.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
6144258159
-
-
note
-
Examples of the way this mandate was extended can be found in the Israeli general election of June 1992 where the Labour and Meretz parties were elected to government on a pro-peace platform. In the Palestinian community, in the absence of opportunities for participatory politics, local newspapers and other localised public fora provided a platform for debate over the Madrid process.
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
6144235615
-
-
note
-
The Islamic Jihad movement consists of a number of factions but two principle groups have been the subject of study: the Jihad faction led by Gazan Fathi Shiqaqi, who was deported by Israel in 1988, and the Beit Maqdis faction led by veteran Palestinian Islamicist Sheikh Assad Bayud Tammimi and his sons from the Jordanian capital of Amman. The two factions held opposing views to the issue of concluding a peace deal with the Israelis.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
6144280381
-
-
Interview with the author, Bir Zeit, 5 June 1995
-
Interview with the author, Bir Zeit, 5 June 1995.
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
6144239231
-
-
note
-
It is important to remember the ideological differences and hostilities that occasionally surface between these three groupings. While they are united on general Islamic principle they are often markedly different from each other in terms of political agendas and policy.
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
6144246067
-
-
note
-
Hamas leaders have, on more than one occasion pointed out that it is no coincidence that the Israelis insisted that the first meetings at Madrid be held on 30 October 1991, the date of the anniversary of the expulsion of the Muslims from Spain some 500 hundred years ago. They remark that the Palacio Real in Madrid was built by the Muslims and the Israelis chose this venue to reiterate the defeat of Islam. The spokeswoman of the Palestinian delegation, Dr Hanan Ashrawi, was criticised (in an interview with the author) as unrepresentative because, to quote the source 'She is a Christian, a woman, she wears short skirts and she smokes'.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
6144272162
-
-
note
-
Marj al-Zahour is located in the area of South Lebanon occupied by Israel and held by its Lebanese counterparts in the SLA. Neighbouring Arab countries of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt had refused to accept the Palestinian expellees to highlight the illegality of the Israeli act.
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
6144244304
-
-
25 August
-
Foreign Broadcast Information Service - Near-East Service (FBIS-NES) 'Comments on Hamas, possible civil war', 25 August 1993, p 7.
-
(1993)
Comments on Hamas, Possible Civil War
, pp. 7
-
-
-
17
-
-
6144232686
-
-
Interview with Sheikh Bassam Jarrar, el-Bireh, 22 May 1995
-
Interview with Sheikh Bassam Jarrar, el-Bireh, 22 May 1995.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
6144225070
-
-
The Oslo Declaration of Principles, Article 6. 19 August 1993
-
The Oslo Declaration of Principles, Article 6. 19 August 1993.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
0003599292
-
-
Ithaca
-
Ian Lustick, Unsettled States, Disputed Lands-Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza, Ithaca 1993, p 38.
-
(1993)
Unsettled States, Disputed Lands-Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza
, pp. 38
-
-
Lustick, I.1
-
21
-
-
6144246068
-
-
note
-
To date the PLO has failed to convene the PNC to gain approval for the DOP and recognition of Israel.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
6144265856
-
-
note
-
Interview with Dr Mahmoud Zahar, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza city, 29 May 1995.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
6144277427
-
-
October
-
For sources, see Hamas leaflet, 30 August 1993; Islamic Jihad statement from Fathi Shiqaqi, 1 September 1993; and statement from Hizbt Tahrir member, 12 September 1993 in interview with the author. See also the publication Falastin wa Muslima, 10, October 1993, 'Editorial', p i, and 'The Catastrophic Oslo Agreement', pp 20-21.
-
(1993)
Falastin Wa Muslima
, pp. 10
-
-
-
24
-
-
6144268699
-
-
For sources, see Hamas leaflet, 30 August 1993; Islamic Jihad statement from Fathi Shiqaqi, 1 September 1993; and statement from Hizbt Tahrir member, 12 September 1993 in interview with the author. See also the publication Falastin wa Muslima, 10, October 1993, 'Editorial', p i, and 'The Catastrophic Oslo Agreement', pp 20-21.
-
The Catastrophic Oslo Agreement
, pp. 20-21
-
-
-
25
-
-
6144295568
-
-
Hamas statement on the Gaza-Jericho Accord, 29 August 1993
-
Hamas statement on the Gaza-Jericho Accord, 29 August 1993.
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
6144295565
-
-
Interview with Dr Mahmoud Zahar, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza city, 29 May 1995
-
Interview with Dr Mahmoud Zahar, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza city, 29 May 1995.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
6144283394
-
-
note
-
The PNA security structure consists of a number of units, including the national guard, intelligence service, civil defence force and a civil police. As of June 1995 local estimates for the number of Palestinian security agents and forces in the West Bank and Gaza Strip were put at anything between 14000 and 20000.
-
-
-
-
28
-
-
6144285140
-
-
note
-
On Friday 18 November 1994 following midday prayers in Gaza city, Palestinian police opened fire on a large crowd of Palestinian Muslim demonstrators. During the ensuing clashes 13 were killed. The Palestinian community was horrified at the sight of Palestinian soldiers opening fire on fellow Palestinians in the streets of Gaza. The PNA was severely criticised for this incident.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
6144294755
-
-
Interview with Sheikh Bassam Jarrar, el-Bireh, 22 May 1995
-
Interview with Sheikh Bassam Jarrar, el-Bireh, 22 May 1995.
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
84989141789
-
The position of Palestinian Islamists on the Palestine-Israel Accord
-
For further details on the split, see Ali Jarbawi, 'The position of Palestinian Islamists on the Palestine-Israel Accord', The Muslim World, LXXXIV, (1-2), 1994, p 133; and Al-Shihan (newspaper), 21-27 August 1993, pp 12-13.
-
(1994)
The Muslim World
, vol.84
, Issue.1-2
, pp. 133
-
-
Jarbawi, A.1
-
31
-
-
84989141789
-
-
newspaper, 21-27 August
-
For further details on the split, see Ali Jarbawi, 'The position of Palestinian Islamists on the Palestine-Israel Accord', The Muslim World, LXXXIV, (1-2), 1994, p 133; and Al-Shihan (newspaper), 21-27 August 1993, pp 12-13.
-
(1993)
Al-Shihan
, pp. 12-13
-
-
-
33
-
-
84928460156
-
Contested order, the struggle over British security policy in Northern Ireland
-
April
-
R Weitzer, 'Contested order, the struggle over British security policy in Northern Ireland', Comparative Politics, April 1987, pp 281-295.
-
(1987)
Comparative Politics
, pp. 281-295
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
34
-
-
6144285141
-
Policing
-
Giliomee & Gagiano (eds) Cape Town
-
J Brewer, 'Policing' in Giliomee & Gagiano (eds) The Elusive Search for Peace, (Cape Town: 1990) pp 78-94.
-
(1990)
The Elusive Search for Peace
, pp. 78-94
-
-
Brewer, J.1
-
35
-
-
6144226537
-
-
See FBIS-NES, 'Jihad, Hamas arms said smuggled in via tunnels', 9 February 1995, pp 11-12
-
See FBIS-NES, 'Jihad, Hamas arms said smuggled in via tunnels', 9 February 1995, pp 11-12.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
6144273393
-
-
Interview with anonymous member of Liberation Party, Ramallah, 12 April 1995
-
Interview with anonymous member of Liberation Party, Ramallah, 12 April 1995.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
85086288861
-
Sheikh Taqi a-din al-Nabahani
-
np
-
34 Sheikh Taqi a-din al-Nabahani, The Systems of Islam, np, 1954, p 28.
-
(1954)
The Systems of Islam
, pp. 28
-
-
-
38
-
-
6144293101
-
-
note
-
Jerusalem based members of the Liberation Party regularly publish communiqués and commentaries - for example see the leaflet entitled 'The Islamic State' issued by the Liberation Part on 13 April 1995 as a commentary comparing the ideal of the Islamic state as established by the Prophet Mohammad and the current state systems and regimes of the Arab World.
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
6144225069
-
-
25 August
-
Interview with Hamas Leaders, al-Safir, 25 August 1994, pp 1, 13.
-
(1994)
Al-Safir
, pp. 1
-
-
-
40
-
-
6144289539
-
-
Interview with Ahmad Sa'ati, Gaza city, 8 September 1994
-
Interview with Ahmad Sa'ati, Gaza city, 8 September 1994.
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
6144261163
-
-
These four tribes were Jewish by faith
-
These four tribes were Jewish by faith.
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
84937306543
-
The background and consequences of the massacre in Hebron
-
For an excellent account of the Israeli reaction to the Hebron massacre, see I Shahak, 'The background and consequences of the massacre in Hebron,' Middle East Policy, 3(2), 1994, pp 63-76.
-
(1994)
Middle East Policy
, vol.3
, Issue.2
, pp. 63-76
-
-
Shahak, I.1
-
43
-
-
6144282079
-
-
note
-
Interview with Sheikh Bassem Jarrar by Graham Usher, el-Bireh, March 1994. The author is grateful to Graham Usher for extracts of this interview.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
6144235617
-
-
Hamas leaflet 'Rabin's attempt to cover up his criminal policies with fictitious battles', 16 April 1994
-
Hamas leaflet 'Rabin's attempt to cover up his criminal policies with fictitious battles', 16 April 1994.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
6144275167
-
-
November
-
Hamas leaflet #116, published in Falastin wa Muslima, November 1994, p 7.
-
(1994)
Falastin Wa Muslima
, pp. 7
-
-
-
48
-
-
6144283395
-
-
Interview with Sheikh Bassem Jarar, el-Bireh, 22 May 1995
-
Interview with Sheikh Bassem Jarar, el-Bireh, 22 May 1995.
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
6144294754
-
-
Hamas Covenant, Article 8, August 1988
-
Hamas Covenant, Article 8, August 1988.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
6144295566
-
Jihad al-Islami fi al-ard muhtalla
-
See H. Mustafa, Jihad al-Islami fi al-ard muhtalla (Islamic jihad in the occupied territories) in Majjalat Fiqria, 6, 1988, pp 172-182.
-
(1988)
Majjalat Fiqria
, vol.6
, pp. 172-182
-
-
Mustafa, H.1
-
52
-
-
6144226536
-
-
Interview with Dr Mahmoud Zahar, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza city, 29 May 1995
-
Interview with Dr Mahmoud Zahar, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza city, 29 May 1995.
-
-
-
|