The renin-angiotensin system and the heart: A historical review

Heart

Volumn 76, Issue 3 SUPPL. 3, 1996, Pages 7-12

  Cleland, Stephen J ^a   Reid, John L ^a  

^a WESTERN INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN; ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRIL; TEPROTIDE; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DRUG ACTIVITY; HEART FAILURE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART RATE; HEART VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

EID: 0029855362     PISSN: 13556037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/hrt.76.3_suppl_3.7     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. Bright R. Cases and observations illustrative of renal disease accompanied with the secretion of albuminous urine. Guy's Hospital Report 1836;1:338.
2. Olmstead JMD. Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard: a nineteenth century neurologist and endocrinologist. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1946:205.
3. Tigerstedt R, Bergman PG. Niere und Kreislauf. Scand Arch Physiol 1898;8:223-70.
4. Tigerstedt R, Bergman PG. The kidneys and the circulation. Scand Arch Physiol 1898,8:223 70, as translated by Ruskin A, in Classics in arterial hypertension. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas 1956:273.
5. Tigerstedt R, Bergman PG. The kidneys and the circulation. Scand Arch Physiol 1898,8:223 70, as translated by Ruskin A, in Classics in arterial hypertension. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas 1956:273.
6. Shaw HB. Autointoxication: its relation to certain disturbances of blood pressure, Lancet 1906;i:1295-306, 1375-80,1455-62.
7. Ruyter JHC. Uber einen merk wurdigen Abschnitt der Vasa afferentia in der Mauseniere Zeitschrift fur zellforschung. Mikroskopische Anatomie 1925;2:242-8.
8. Goormaghtigh N. Existence of an endocrine gland in the media of the renal arteries. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1939; 42:6889.
9. Goldblatt H, Lynch J, Hanzal RF, Summerville WW. Studies on experimental hypertension: 1. The production of persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure by means of renal ischaemia. J Exp Med 1934;59;347-80.
10. Pickering GW, Prinzmet al M. Some observations on renin, a pressor substance contained in normal kidney, together with a method for its biological assay. Clin Sci 1938;3:211-27.
11. Landis EM, Montgomery H, Sparkman D. Effects of pressor drugs and of saline kidney extracts on blood pressure and skin temperature. J Clin Invest 1938; 17:189.
12. Braun-Menendez E, Fasciolo JC, Leloir LF, Munoz JN. The substance causing renal hypertension. J Physiol (Land) 1940;98:293-8.
13. Page IH, Helmer OM. A crystalline presser substance (angiotonin) resulting from the action between renin and renin-activator. J Exp Med 1940;71:29-42.
14. Winternitz MC, Mylon E, Waters LL, Katzenstein R. Studies on the relation of the kidney to cardiovascular disease. Yale J Biol Med 1939-40;12:623-79.
15. Young HH. Hugh Young: a surgeon's autobiography. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1940:193.
16. Elliott DF, Peart WS. Amino acid sequence in a hypertensin. Nature 1956;177:527-8.
17. Skeggs LT, Kahn JR, Shumway NP. Preparation and function of the hypertensin-converting enzyme. J Exp Med 1956;103:295-9.
18. Skeggs LT, Kahn JR, Lantz KE, Shumway NP. The preparation, purification and amino-acid sequence of a polypeptide renin substrate. J Exp Med 1957;106: 439-53.
19. Schwyzer R, Sieber P. New synthesis in the peptide field. Chimia 1956;10:265.
20. Inagami T, Misono K, Michelakis AM. Definitive evidence for similarity in the active site of renin and acid protease. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1974;56:503-9.
21. Simpson SAS, Tait JF. Physicochemical methods of detection of a previously unidentified adrenal hormone. Memoirs of the Society for Endocrinology 1953;2:9-24.
22. Hartroft PM, Hartroft WS. Studies on renal juxtaglomerular cells. II: correlation of the degree of granulation of juxtaglomerular cells with the width of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. J Exp Med 1955;102: 205-12.
23. Gross F. The discovery of the renin-aldosterone connection. In: Robertson JIS, Brunner HR, Hansson L, Johnson CI, Menard J, Nicholls MG, et al, eds. The renin-angiotensin system. London: Gower Press, 1984.
24. Denton DA, Goding JR, Wright RD. Control of adrenal secretion of electrolyte-active steroids. Adrenal stimulation by cross-circulation experiments in conscious sheep. BMJ 1959;ii:448-56, 522-30.
25. Davis JO. Mechanisms regulating the secretion and metabolism of aldosterone in experimental secondary hyperaldosteronism. Rec Prog Horm Res 1961;17: 293-352.
26. Mulrow PJ, Ganong WF. Stimulation of aldosterone secretion by angiotensin II. Yale J Biol Med 1961;33: 386-95.
27. Davis JO, Hartroft PM, Titus EO, Carpenter CCJ, Ayers CR, Spiegel HE. The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the control of aldosterone secretion. J Clin Invest 1962;41:378-89.
28. Laragh JH, Angers M, Kelly WG, Lieberman S. Hypotensive agents and pressor substances: The effect of epinephrine, norepinephrine, angiotensin II and others on the secretory rate of aldosterone in man. JAMA 1960;174:234-40.
29. Brown JJ, Davies DL, Lever AF, Robertson JIS. Influence of sodium loading and sodium depletion on plasma renin in man. Lancet 1963;ii:278-9.
30. Brown JJ, Davies DL, Lever AF, Robertson JIS. Variations in plasma renin concentration in several physiological and pathological states. Can Med Assoc J 1964;90:201-6.
31. Kliman B, Peterson RE. Isotope derivative assay of aldosterone in biological extracts [abstr]. Fed Proc 1958; 17:255.
32. Lever AF, Robertson JIS, Tree M. The estimation of renin in plasma by an enzyme kinetic technique. Biochem J 1964;91:346-52.
33. Boyd GW, Adamson AR, Fitz AE, Peart WS. Radioimmunoassay determination of plasma-renin activity. Lancet 1969;i:213-8.
34. Oparil S, Haber E. The renin-angiotensin system. N Engl J Med 1974;291:389-401.
35. Brown JJ, Fraser R, Lever AF, Love DR, Morton JJ, Robertson JIS. Raised plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone during dietary sodium restriction in man. Lancet 1972;ii:1106-7.
36. Oelkers W, Brown JJ, Fraser R, Lever AF, Morton JJ, Robertson JIS. Sensitization of the adrenal cortex to angiotensin II in sodium deplete man. Circ Res 1974; 34:69-77.
37. Brown JJ, Casals-Stenzel J, Cumming AMM, Davies DL, Fraser R, Lever AF, et al. Angiotensin II, aldosterone and arterial pressure. A quantitative approach. Hypertension 1979;i:159-79.
38. Brown AJ, Casals-Stenzel J, Gofford S, Lever AF, Morton JJ. Comparison of fast and slow pressor effects of angiotensin II in the conscious rat. Am J Physiol 1981; 241:H381-8.
39. Wolff HP, Koczorek KHR, Buchborn E, Kuehler M. Ueber die Aldosteronaktivitaet und Natriumretention bei Hierzkranken und ihre Pathophysiologische Bedeutung. Klin Wochenschr 1956;34:1105-14.
40. McAlpine HM, Cobbe SM. Neuroendocrine changes in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A):61-6.
41. Brunner HR, Laragh JH, Baer L, Newton MA, Goodwin FT, Krakoff LR, et al. Renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke. N Engl J Med 1972;286:441-9.
42. Laragh JH. The renin system and four lines of hypertension research. Hypertension 1992;20:267-79.
43. Koch-Weser J. Nature of the inotropic action of angiotensin on the ventricular myocardium. Circ Res 1965;16:230-7.
44. Baker KM, Khosla MC. Cardiac and vascular actions of decapeptide angiotensin analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986;239:790-6.
45. Jin M, Wilhelm MJ, Lang RE, Unger T, Lindpainter K, Ganten D. Endogenous tissue renin-angiotensin systems. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A):28-36.
46. Gavras H, Kremer D, Brown JJ, Gray B, Lever AF, Macadam RF, et al. Angiotensin and norepinephrine-induced myocardial lesions: Experimental and clinical studies in rats and man. Am Heart J 1975;89:321-32.
47. Kremer D, Lindop G, Brown WCB, Morton JJ, Robertson JIS. Angiotensin-induced myocardial necrosis and renal failure in the rabbit: Distribution of lesions and severity in relation to plasma angiotensin II concentration and blood pressure. Cardiovasc Res 1981; 15:43-6.
48. Mancia G, Romero JC, Shepherd JT. Continuous inhibition of renin release in dogs by vagally innervated receptors in the cardiopulmonary region. Circ Res 1975;36: 529-35.
49. DeBold AJ, Borenstein HR, Veress AT, Sonnenberg H. A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extracts in rats. Life Sci 1981;28:89-94.
50. Richards AM, Tonolo G, Tree M, Robertson JIS, Montorsi P, Leckie BJ, et al. Atrial natriuretic peptides and renin release. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A):112-8.
51. Cody RJ, Atlas SA, Laragh JH, Kubo SH, Covit AB, Ryrnan KS, et al. Atrial natriuretic factor in normal subjects and heart failure patients: plasma levels and renal, hormonal and haemodynamic responses to peptide infusion. J Clin Invest 1986;78:1362-74.
52. Ferreira SH. A bradykinin-potentiating factor (BPF) present in the venom of Bothrops jararaca. Br J Pharmacol 1965;24:163-9.
53. Erdos EG, Sloane EM. An enzyme in human blood plasma that inactivates bradykinin and kallidins. Biochem Pharmacol 1962;11:39-43.
54. Bakhle YS. Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by cell-free extracts of dog lung. Nature 1968;220: 919-21.
55. Engel SL, Schaeffer TR, Waugh MH, Rubin B. Effects of the nonapeptide SQ20881 on blood pressure of rats with experimental hypertension. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1973;143:483-7.
56. Samuels AI, Miller ED, Fray CS, Haber E, Barger AC. Regulation of pressure by the renin-angiotensin system [abstr]. Fed Proc 1973;32:380.
57. Yang HYT, Erdos EG, Levin Y. Characterization of a dipeptide hydrolase (kininase II; angiotensin I converting enzyme). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1971;117:291-300.
58. Pals DT, Masucci FD, Sipos F, Denning GS. Specific competitive antagonists of the vascular action of angiotensin II. Circ Res 1971;29:664-72.
59. Gavras I, Gavras H. Angiotensin II-possible adverse effects on arteries, heart, brain and kidney: experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidence. In: Robertson JIS, Nicholls MG, eds. The renin-angiotensin system. New York: Gower Press, 1993:40·1-40·11.
60. Johnson JA, Davis JO. Effects of a specific competitive antagonist of angiotensin II on arterial pressure and adrenal steroid secretion in dogs. Circ Res 1973;32: 159-68.
61. Brunner HR, Gavras H, Laragh JH, Keenan R. Hypertension in man: Exposure of the renin and sodium components using angiotensin II blockade. Circ Res 1974;34/35(suppl 1):35-43.
62. Brown JJ, Brown WCB, Fraser R, Lever AF, Morton JJ, Robertson JIS, et al. The effects of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin on blood pressure and plasma aldosterone in man in relation to the prevailing plasma angiotensin II concentration. In: Stokes GS, Edwards KDG, eds. Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system. Use of angiotensin II inhibitors. Prog Biochem Pharmacol 1976;12:230-1.
63. Timmermans PBMWM, Carini DJ, Chiu AT, Duncia JV, Price WA, Wells GJ, et al. The discovery of a new class of highly specific nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Am J Hypertension 1991;4(suppl):275-8.
64. MacFadyen RJ, Reid JL. Angiotensin receptor antagonists as a treatment for hypertension. J Hypertens 1994;12: 1333-8.
65. Poulsen K, Burton J, Haber E. Competitive inhibitors of renin: a review. Prog Biochem Pharmacol 1976;12: 135-41.
66. Szelke M, Leckie B, Hallett A, Jones DM, Sueiras J, Atrash B, et al. Potent new inhibitors of human renin. Nature 1982;299:555-7.
67. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group. Captopril: Evaluation of low doses, twice-daily doses and the addition of diuretic for the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension. Clin Sci 1982;63(suppl 18): 443-5.
68. Davis R, Ribner HS, Keung E, Sonnenblick EH, LeJemtel TH. Effect of captopril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 1979;301:117-21.
69. Turini GA, Brunner HR, Gribic M, Waeber B, Gavras H. Improvement of chronic congestive heart failure by oral captopril. Lancet 1979;i:1213-5.
70. Furberg CD, Yusuf S. Effect of vasodilators on survival in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1985;55: 1110-11.
71. The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1429-35.
72. SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325: 293 302.
73. SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992;327:685 91.
74. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ, Cuddy TE, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:669 77.
75. Casale PN, Devereux RB, Milner M, Zullo G, Harshfield GA, Pickering TG et al. Value of echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass in predicting cardiovascular morbid events in hypertensive men. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:173 8.
76. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Left ventricular mass and incidence of coronary heart disease in an elderly cohort: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:101-7.
77. Pfeffer JM, Pfeffer MA, Mirsky I, Braunwald E. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and prevention of left ventricular dysfunction by captopril in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79:3310-4.
78. Dahlöf B, Pennerty K, Hansson L. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. A meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hypertens 1992;A14:173 80.
79. Devereux RB, Pickering TG, Cody RJ, Laragh JH. Reaction of renin-angiotensin system to left ventricular hypertrophy and function in experimental and human hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 1987;3:87-103.
80. Michel JB, Salzmann JL, Cerol ML, Dussaule JC, Azizi M, Corman B, et al. Myocardial effect of converting enzyme inhibition in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Am J Med 1988;34(suppl 3A):12 21.
81. Morgan HE, Baker KM. Cardiac hypertrophy: mechanical, neural and endocrine dependence. Circulation 1991;83:13 25.
82. Campbell-Boswell M, Robertson AL. Effects of angiotensin II and vasopressin on human smooth muscle cells in vitro. Exp Mol Pathol 1981;35:265 76.
83. Baker KM, Aceto JF Angiotensin II stimulation of protein synthesis and cell growth in chick heart cells. Am J Physiol 1990;259:H610 8.
84. Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Trophic effects of angiotensin on blood vessels and heart. In: Robertson JIS, Nicholls MG, eds. The renin-angiotensin system. New York: Gower Press, 1993:31·1 31·7.
85. Ertl G. Coronary vasoconstriction in experimental myocardial ischaemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1987;9 (suppl 2):s9 17.
86. Magrini F, Reggiani P, Roberts N, Meazza R, Ciulla M, Zanchetti A. Effects of angiotensin and angiotensin blockade on coronary circulation and coronary reserve. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A):55 60.
87. Linz W, Scholkens BA, Han YF. Beneficial effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, in ischaemic rat hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986;8(suppl 10):s91-9.
88. Foult JM, Tavoloro O, Anthony I, Nitenberg A. Direct myocardial and coronary effects of enalaprilat in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: assessment by a bilateral intracoronary infusion technique. Circulation 1988;77:337 44.
89. Faxon DP, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Sussman HA, Gavras H, Ryan TJ. The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on coronary blood flow and hemodynamics in patients without coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 1982;2:251 62.
90. Holtz J. Pathophysiology of heart failure and the renin-angiotensin system. Basic Res Cardiol 1993;88(suppl 1): 183-201.
91. Rousseau ME, Gurne O, Van-Eyll C, Benedict CR, Fouler H. Effects of benazeprilat on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and neurohumoral status in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Circulation 1990; 81(suppl III):123 9.
92. Bickerton RK, Buckley JP. Evidence for a central mechanism in angiotensin-induced hypertension, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1961;106:832 46.
93. Zimmerman BG. Effect of acute sympathectomy on responses to angiotensin and norepinephrine. Circ Res 1962;11:780 7.
94. Braun-Menendez E, Fasciolo JC, Leloir LJ, Munoz JM, Taquini AC. Renal hypertension. Springfield, II.: Charles C Thomas, 1946.
95. Crozier IG, Theo R, Kay R, Nicholls MG. Sympathetic nervous system during converting enzyme inhibition. Am J Med 1989;87(suppl 6B):29 32.
96. Dzau VJ. Cardiac renin-angiotensin system. Molecular and functional aspects. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A): 22 7.
97. DeGraeff PA, deLangen CDJ, vanGilst WH, Bel K, Scholtens E, Kingma JH, et al. Protective effects of captopril against ischaemia/reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias in vitro and in vivo. Am J Med 1988; 84(suppl 3A):67-74.
98. Pfeffer JM, Pfeffer MA. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and ventricular remodelling in heart failure. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A):37 44.
99. Gavras H, Gavras I. Cardioprotective potential of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. J Hypertens 1991;9:385-92.
100. Schölkens BA, Linz W, Konig W. Effects of the angiotensin inhibitor, ramipril, in isolated ischaemic rat heart are abolished by a bradykinin antagonist. J Hypertens 1988;6(suppl 4):525-8.
101. Linz W, Schölkens BA. Bradykinin receptor antagonist abolishes the antihypertrophic effect of ramipril. In: Bonner G, Schölkens BA, Scicli AG, eds. The role of bradykinin in the cardiovascular action of ramipril. Weissbaden: Media Medica, 1991:85 9.
102. Vanhoutte PM, Boulanger CM, Vidal M, Mombouli JV. Endothelium-derived mediators and the renin-angiotensin system. In: Robertson JIS, Nicholls MG, eds. The renin-angiotensin system. New York: Gower Press, 1993:29·1 29·15.
103. Chobanian AV, Haudenschild CC, Nickerson C, Drago R. Antiatherogenic effect of captopril in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbit. Hypertension 1990;15: 327 31.
104. Powell JS, Clozel JP, Mullere RKM, Kuhn H, Hefti F, Hosang M, et al. Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevent myointimal proliferation after vascular injury. Science 1989;245:186-8.
105. Rigat B, Hubert C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Cambien F, Corvol P, Soubrier F. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J Clin Invest 1990;86:1343-6.
106. Cambien F, Poirier O, Lecerf L, Evans A, Cambon JP, Arveiler D, et al. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992;359:641-4.
107. Hayduk K, Boucher R, Genest J. Renin activity and content in various tissues in dogs under different pathophysiological states. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1970;134: 252 5.
108. Needleman P, Marshall GR, Sobel BE. Hormone interactions in the isolated rabbit heart. Circ Res 1975;37: 802 8.
109. Campbell DJ. Circulating and tissue renin-angiotensin systems. J Clin Invest 1987;79:1 6.
110. Cohen ML, Kurz D. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in tissues from spontaneously hypertensive rats after treatment with captopril or MK421. J Pharmaol Exp Ther 1982;220:63 9.
111. Unger T, Ganten D, Lang RE, Schölkens BA. Is tissue converting enzyme inhibition a determinant of the antihypertensive efficacy of converting enzyme inhibitors? Studies with two different compounds, Hoe-498 and MK-421, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1984;6:872-80.
112. Lindpainter K, Wilhelm M, Jin M, Unger T, Lang RE, Ganlen D. Tissue renin-angiotensin systems: focus on the heart. J Hypertens 1987;5(suppl 2):s33 8.
113. Dzau VJ, Re RN. Evidence for the existence of renin in the heart. Circulation 1987;73(suppl I):134 6.
114. Dzau VJ, Brody T, Ellison KE, Pratt RE, Ingelfinger JR. Tissue-specific regulation of renin expression in the mouse. Hypertension 1987;9(suppl III):36 41.
115. Hirsch AT, Talsness CE, Schunkert H, Paul M, Dzau VJ. Tissue-specific activation of cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme in experimental heart failure. Circ Res 1991;69:475-82.
116. Cushman DW, Wong FL, Fung WC, Harvey CM, DeForrest JM. Differentiation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors by their selective inhibition of ACE in physiologically important target organs. Am J Hypertens 1989;2:294 306.