Cocaine addiction::hypothesis derived from imaging studies with pet

Journal of Addictive Diseases

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 55-71

  Volkow, Nora D ^a,b   Ding, Yu Shin ^a   Fowler, Joanna S ^a   Wang, Gene Jack ^a  

^a BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COCAINE; DOPAMINE; METHYLPHENIDATE;

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN FUNCTION; CINGULATE GYRUS; COMPULSION; CONTROL; CORPUS STRIATUM; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG UPTAKE; FRONTAL CORTEX; HUMAN; ORBITAL CORTEX; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; THALAMUS;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; CARBON RADIOISOTOPES; COCAINE; DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS; HUMANS; METHYLPHENIDATE; PAPIO; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 0029855306     PISSN: 10550887     EISSN: 15450848     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J069v15n04_04     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Johanson CE, Fishman MW. The pharmacology of cocaine related to its abuse. Pharmacol Rev 1989; 41:3-52.
2. Koob GF, Bloom FE. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of drug depen-dence. Science 1988; 242:715-723.
3. Gawin FH. Cocaine addiction: psychology and neurophysiology. Science 1991; 151:1580-1586.
4. Robinson TE, Berridge KC. The neural basis of drug craving: an incentivesensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews 1993; 18:247-291.
5. Modell JG, Mounts JM, Curtis G, Greden J. Neurophysiologie dysfunction in basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical circuits as a pathogenetic mechanism of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Neuropsych 1989; 1:27-35.
6. Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Volkow ND. New directions in positron emission to-mography. In: Bristol JA. ed. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry. San Diego; Academic Press, 1990:261-269.
7. London ED, Cascella NG, Wong DF, Phillips RL, Sannals RF, Links JM, Heming R, Grayson R, Jaffe JH. Cocaine-induced reduction of glucose utilization in human brain. A study using positron emission tomography and [fluorine-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose. Arch General Psychiatry 1990; 47:567-574.
8. Volkow ND, Mullani N, Gould L, Krajewski K, Adler S. Cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine users. Brit J Psychiatry 1988; 152:641-648.
9. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Hitzemann R, Dewey S, Bendriem B, Alpert R, Hoff A. Changes in brain glucose metabolism in cocaine dependence and withdrawal. Am J Psych 1991; 148:621-626.
10. Volkow ND, Hitzemann R, Wag GJ, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Dewey SL. Long-term frontal brain metabolic changes in cocaine abusers. Synapse 1992; 11:184-190.
11. Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Phelps M, Mazziotta JC, Barrio J, Rawson RA, Engel J, Guze BH, Selin C, Sumida R. Localization of neurochemical effects of cocaine and other stimulants in the human brain. J Clin Psychiatry 1988; 4:923-926.
12. Volkow ND, Fowler J, Wolf A, Schlyer D, Shiue Ch, Albert R, Dewey S, Logan J, Bendriem B, Christman D, Hitzemann R, Henn F. Effects of chronic cocaine abuse on postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:719-724.
13. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang G-J, Hitzemann R, Logan J, Schlyer D, Dewey S, Wolf AP. Dopaminergic dysregulation of frontal metabolism may contribute to cocaine addiction. Synapse 1993; 14:169-177.
14. Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wolf AP, Dewey SL, Schlyer DJ, MacGregor R, Hitzemann R, Logan J, Bendriem B, Christman D. Mapping cocaine-binding sites in human and baboon brain in vivo. Synapse 1989; 4:371-377.
15. Fowler JS, Volkow ND, MacGregor RR, Logan J, Dewey SL, Galley SJ, Wolf AP. Comparative PET Studies of the kinetics and distribution of cocaine and cocaethylene in baboon brain. Synapse 1992; 12:220-227.
16. Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Logan J, MacGregor RR, Wang G-J, Wolf AP. Alcohol intoxication does not change cocaine pharmacokinetics in human brain and heart. Synapse 1992; 12:228-235.
17. Volkow ND, Ding Y-S, Fowler JS, Wang GJ, Logan J, Gatley JS, Dewey SL, Ashby C, Lieberman J, Hitzemann R, Wolf AP. Is methylphenidate like cocaine? Studies on their pharmacokinetics and distribution in human brain. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:456-463. Copyright 1995, American Medical Association.
18. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Wang GJ, Logan J, MacGregor R, Dewey SL, Schlyer DJ, Hitzemann R. Distribution of nC-Cocaine in human heart, lungs, liver and adrenals. A dynamic PET study. J Nucl Med 1992; 33:521-525.
19. Ritz MC, Lamb RJ, Goldberg SR, Kuhar MJ. Cocaine receptors on dopamine transporters are related to self-administration of cocaine. Science 1987; 237:1219-1223.
20. Parran TV, Jasiński DR. Intravenous methylphenidate abuse: prototype for prescription drug abuse. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:781-783.
21. Ding Y-S, Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Galley SJ, Logan J, Dewey S, Alexoff D, Wolf AP. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo Specificity of [nC]£?/-t/ireo-Methylphenidate for the Presynaptic Dopaminergic Neuron Synapse 1994; 18:152-160.
22. Cook CE, Jeffcoat AR, Perez-Reyes M. Pharmacokinetic studies of cocaine and phencyclidine in man. In: Barnett G, Chiang CN, eds. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Psychoactive Drugs. Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publication, 1985:48-74.
23. Di Chiara G, Imperato A. Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentration in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. Proc Natl Acad Sei 1988; 85:5274-5278
24. Modell JG, Mountz JM, Beresford TP. Basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical involvement in craving and loss of control in alcoholism. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 1990; 2:123-144.
25. Bergman J, Madras B, Johnson SE, Spealman RD. Effects of cocaine and related drugs in nonhuman primates. III. Self administration by squirrel monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989; 251:150-155.
26. Johanson CE, Shuster CR. A choice procedure for drug reinforcers: cocaine and methylphenidate in the rhesus monkey. J Pharmacol Exper Ther 1975; 193:676-688.
27. Wilson MC, Hitomi M, Schuster CR. Psychomotor self administration as a function of dosage per injection in the rhesus monkey. Psychopharmacology 1971;22:271-281.
28. Taylor JR, Robbins TW. Enhanced behavioral control by conditioned rein-forcers following microinjections of d-amphetamine in the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology 1984; 84:405-412.
29. Di Chiara G, Acquas E, Carboni E. Drug Motivation and abuse: a neurobiological perspective. In: Kalivas PW & Samson HH, eds. The Neurobiology of Drug and Alcohol Addiction. New York: Annals New York Academy of Sciences. 1992; 654:207-219.
30. Phillips AG, Pfaus JG, Blaha CD. Dopamine and motivated behavior: insights provided by in vivo analyses. In: Willner P & Scheel-Kruger J, eds. The Mesolimbic Dopamine System: From Motivation to Action. Chichester UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1991:199-224.
31. Porrino LJ, Esposito RU, Seeger TF, Crane AM, Pert A, Sokoloff L. Meta-bolic mapping of brain during rewarding self stimulation. Science 1984:224:306-309.
32. Kolb B. Studies on the caudate putamen and the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus: implications for mammalian frontal lobe function. Physiol Behav 1977; 18:237-244.
33. Le Moal M, Simon H. Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic network: functional and regulatory notes. Physiol Rev 1991; 71:155-234.
34. Loh EA, Roberts DCS. Break points on a progressive ratio schedule rein-forced by intravenous cocaine increases following depletion of forebrain serotonin. Psychopharmacology 1990; 101:262-266.
35. Richardson ER, Roberts CS. Fluoxetine pretreatment reduces breaking points on a progressive ratio schedule reinforced by intravenous self administration in the rat. Life Sciences 1991; 49:833-840.
36. Baxter LR, Phelps ME, Mazziotta J, Gum BH, Schwartz JM, Selin CE. Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive compulsive disorder: a comparison with rates in unipolar depression and normal controls. Arch Gen Psych 1987; 44:211-218.
37. Insel TR. Towards a neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:739-744.
38. Schiorring E. Psychopathology induced by “speed drugs.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981; 1:109-122.
39. McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Delgado PL, Price LH. Pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:1350-1351.
40. Leonard HL, Rapoport JL. Relief of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by LSD and psilocin (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144:1239-1240.
41. Głowiński J, Tassin JP, Thierry Am. The mesocortical-prefrontal dopamin-ergic neurons. TINS 1984; Nov:415-418.
42. Selemon LD, Goldman-Rakic PS. Longitudinal topography and interdigitations of corticostriatal projections in the rhesus monkey. J Neurosci 1984; 5:776-794.
43. Stuss DT, Benson DF. The Frontal Lobes. New York: Raven Press, 1986.
44. Haber SN. Neurotransmitters in the human and nonhuman primate basal ganglia. Human Neurobiol 1986; 5:159-168.
45. Heimer L, Alheid GF, Zaborzky L. The basal ganglia. In: Paxinos G ed. The Rat Nervous System. Sidney: Academic Press, 1985:37-74.
46. Fischman MW, Schuster CR, Javaid J, Hatano Y, Davis J. Acute tolerance development to the cardiovascular and subjective effects of cocaine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 235:677-682.
47. Dworkin SI, Smith JE. Cortical regulation of self administration. In: Kalivas PW & Samson HH, eds. The Neurobiology of Drug and Alcohol Addiction. New York: Annals New York Academy of Sciences. 1992; 654:274-281.
48. Abercrombie ED, Keefe HA, DiFrischia DS, Zigmond MJ. Differential effect of stress on in vivo dopamine release in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex. J Neurochem 1989; 52:1655-1658.
49. Gessa GL, Muntoni F, Collu M, Vargiu L, Mereu GP. Low doses of ethanol activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Res 1985; 348:201-203.