Electron disequilibrium in high-energy x-ray beams

Medical Physics

Volumn 23, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 1867-1871

  Hannallah, David ^a   Zhu, Timothy C ^b   Bjärngard, Bengt E ^c  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

build up region; dose; electron disequilibrium; kerma; Monte Carlo; scattered photons

Indexed keywords

MONTE CARLO METHODS; PHOTONS;

BUILD-UP REGION; DOSE; ELECTRON EQUILIBRIUM; HIGH ENERGY X RAY; KERMA; MONTE CARLO CALCULATION; SCATTERED PHOTONS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS;

X RAYS;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; DOSE CALCULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION SCATTERING; SYSTEM ANALYSIS; X RAY;

EID: 0029848124     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.597749     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. R. Loevinger, "A formalism for calculation of absorbed dose to a medium from photon and electron beams," Med. Phys. 8, 1-12 (1981)
2. P. S. Nizin, "Electronic equilibrium and primary dose in collimated photon beams," Med. Phys. 20, 1721-1729 (1993).
3. B. E. Bjärngard, P. Vadash, and T. Zhu, "Doses near the surface in high-energy x-ray beams," Med. Phys. 22, 465-468 (1995).
4. H. Beauvais, A. Bridier, and A. Dutreix, "Characteristics of contamination electrons in high-energy photon beams," Radiother. Oncol. 29, 308-316 (1993).
5. W. C. Roesch, "Mathematical theory of radiation fields," in Radiation Dosimetry, Vol. I, edited by F. H. Attix (Academic, New York, 1966), pp. 259-262.
6. B. Nilsson and A. Brahme, "Relation between kerma and absorbed dose in photon beams," Acta Radiol. Oncol 22, 77-85 (1983).
7. B. E. Bjärngard, L H. Brown, and G. K. Svensson, "Scatter dose decrement values for rectangular fields." Med. Phys 9, 830-834 (1982)
8. 60Co tissue-air ratios be re-evaluated?" Phys Med. Biol. 37, 1601-1610 (1992).
9. 60Co gamma radiation," Phys. Med. Biol. 37, 2309-2318 (1992).
10. max (depth of maximum dose)," Phys. Med Biol. 39, 1081-1088 (1994).
11. D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew, "Monte Carlo techniques of electron and photon transport for radiation dosimetry," in The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation, Vol. III, edited by K. R Kase, B. E. Bjärngard, and F. H. Attix (Academic, New York, 1990), pp. 427-539.
12. W. R. Nelson, A. Hirayama, and D. W. O. Rogers, "The EGS4 system," Report 265, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Palo Alto, California.
13. R. Mohan, C. Chui, and L. Lidofsky, "Energy and angular distribution of photons from medical linear accelerators," Med Phys 12, 592-597 (1985).
14. W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A Teukolsky, and W. T. Vettering, Numerical Recipes (Cambridge University, New York, 1986), pp. 495-497.
15. B. E. Bjärngard, J.-S. Tsai, and R. K. Rice, "Attenuation in very narrow photon beams," Rad Research 118, 195-200 (1989).