Body length and wing length provide univariate estimates of overall body size in the Merlin

Condor

Volumn 98, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 581-588

  Wiklund, Christer G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

body length; body size; Merlin; PCA; raptors; reversed sexual size dimorphism; RSD; wing length

Indexed keywords

FALCO COLUMBARIUS; RAPTORES;

EID: 0029844054     PISSN: 00105422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1369570     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. ANDERSSON, M., AND R. Å. NORBERG. 1981. Evolution of reversed sexual size dimorphism and role partitioning among predatory birds, with a size scaling of night performance. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 15:105-130.
2. BOAG, P. T. 1983. The heritability of external morphology in Darwin's ground finches (Geospiza) on Isla Daphne Major, Galápagos. Evolution 37:877-894.
3. BOOKSTEIN, F. L. 1989. "Size and shape": a comment on semantics. Syst. Zool. 38:173-180.
4. BROWN, L. 1976. British birds of prey. Collins, London.
5. CHATFIELD, C., AND A. J. COLLINS. 1980. Introduction to multivariate analysis. Chapman and Hall, London.
6. FREEMAN, S., AND W. M. JACKSON. 1990. Univariate metrics are not adequate to measure avian body size. Auk 107:69-74.
7. HEDENSTRÖM, A. 1995. Swallows unhandicapped by long tails? Trends Ecol. Evol. 10:140-141.
8. HOWLAND, H. C. 1974. Optimal strategies for predator avoidance: the relative importance of speed and manoeuverability. J. Theor. Biol. 47:333-350.
9. JACKSON, D. A. 1993. Stopping rules in principal components analysis: a comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology 74:220-2214.
10. KEMP, A. C., AND T. M. CROWE. 1994. Morphometrics of falconets and hunting behaviour of the Black-thighed Falconet Microhierax fringillarius. Ibis 136: 44-49.
11. LESSELLS, C. M., AND P. T. BOAG. 1987. Unrepeatable repeatabilities: a common mistake. Auk 104:116-121.
12. NEWTON, I. 1979. Population ecology of raptors. T & A D Poyser, Berkhamsted.
13. NEWTON, I. 1986. The Sparrowhawk. T & A D Poyser. Calton.
14. NORBERG, R. Å. 1994. Swallow tail streamer is a mechanical device for self-deflection of tail leading edge, enhancing aerodynamic efficiency and flight manoeuverability. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 257:227-233.
15. PALOKANGAS, P., ALATALO, R. V., AND E. KORPIMÄKI. 1992. Female choice in the kestrel under different availability of mating options. Anim. Behav. 43: 659-365.
16. PALOKANGAS, P., KORPIMÄKI, E., HAKKARAINEN, H., HUHTA, E., TOLONEN, P. AND R. V. ALATALO. 1994. Female Kestrels gain reproductive success by choosing brightly ornamented males. Anim. Behav. 47:443-448.
17. PENNYCUICK, C. J. 1975. Mechanics of flight, p. 1-75. In D. S. Farner and James R. King [eds.], Avian biology. Academic Press, New York.
18. PETERS, R. H. 1986. The ecological implications of body size. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
19. PIMENTEL, R. A. 1979. Morphometrics. Kendall Hunt Co., Dubuque, IA.
20. REISS, M. J. 1989. The allometry of growth and reproduction. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
21. RISING, J. D., AND K. M. SOMERS. 1989. The measurement of overall body size in birds. Auk 106: 666-674.
22. SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1988. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Release 6.03. Cary, NC.
23. SEUTIN, G., BOAG, P. T., AND L. M. RATCLIFFE. 1993. Morphometric variability in Redpolls from Churchill, Manitoba. Auk 110:832-843.
24. SOMERS, K. M. 1989. Allometry, isometry and shape in principal components analysis. Syst. Zool. 38: 169-173.
25. SUNDBERG, P. 1989. Shape and size-constrained principal components analysis. Syst. Zool. 38:166-168.
26. WARKENTIN, I. G., P. C. JAMES, AND L. W. OLIPHANT. 1992. Assortative mating in urban-breeding Merlins. Condor 94:418-426.
27. WIKLUND, C. G. 1986. The bird fauna of Padjelanta National Park. Report 3000, Swedish National Board of Environmental Protection, Stockholm.
28. WIKLUND, C. G. 1990a. Offspring protection by Merlin Falco columbarius females; the importance of brood size and expected offspring survival for defense of young. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26:217-223.
29. WIKLUND, C. G. 1990b. The adaptive significance of nest defence by Merlin Falco columbarius males. Anim. Behav. 40:244-253.
30. WIKLUND, C. G. 1995. Nest predation and lifespan: components of variance in LRS among Merlin females. Ecology 76:1994-1996.
31. WIKLUND, C. G., AND B. L. LARSSON. 1994. The distribution of breeding Merlins Falco columbarius in relation to food and nest sites. Ornis Svecica 4:113-122.
32. WYLLIE, I., AND I. NEWTON. 1994. Latitudinal variation in the body-size of Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus within Britain. Ibis 136:434-440.